裝配圖低位放頂煤液壓支架的設計(1)
裝配圖低位放頂煤液壓支架的設計(1),裝配,低位,放頂煤,液壓,支架,設計
液壓支架分級分布式微機電磁閥液壓控制系統
摘 要 以集散型控制理論為基礎，論述了綜采工作面液壓支架分級分布式微機電液控制系統的原理，給出了液壓支架的3種控制模型，設計了以MCS-51單片機為核心的液壓支架控制器，進行了控制器的硬件設計和軟件調試。
關鍵詞 集散型控制系統；液壓支架；單片機
中圖分類號 TP273；TD355.4
A Distributed Computer Control System
of Mining Hydraulic Support
Ma Chunyan Li Gengxin Yang Jiankang
(College of Information Engineering of TUT)(Jin Cheng Mining Bureau)
Abstract This paper presents the principles of distributed computer control system of mining hydraulic support for the coalface with complex cutting equipment on the basis of the distributed computer control theory.Three control modes of the hydraulic support are supplied in the paper.It also deals with the design of the hydraulic support controller with the pricipal part of a MCS-51 single chip computer.In addition,the hardware circuits design and software program adjustment of the controller are also mentioned in the paper.
Key words distributed computer control system;hydraulic support;
single chip microcomputer
采煤工作面綜合機械化設備CCME(Coalface Complex Mechanical Equipements),主要由采煤機、液壓支架和刮板運輸機(俗稱煤溜子)等設備組成。液壓支架是綜合機械化采煤工作面的主要設備之一，它分散布置在整個采煤工作面上。一個工作面一般裝備100架左右或更多的液壓支架。為了有效地提高綜采工作面的生產效率和管理水平，本文以集散型控制系統DCCS(Distributed Computer Control Systems)理論為基礎，設計了液壓支架分級分布式微機電液控制系統。
中文摘要
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課題根據當前綜合機械化采煤工作面所采用支護方式暴露出來的問題，提出采用自移式超前支護液壓支架對綜放面端頭進行超前支護；考慮到現今液壓支架生產企業(yè)在產品開發(fā)過程中存在的種種弊端，提出將虛擬樣機技術應用到液壓支架的設計開發(fā)中。在支架投入生產之前在計算機上仿真和修改數字樣機，縮短了研發(fā)周期，提高了產品質量，減少了由于制造物理樣機而增加的成本。本課題也為其他機械產品的開發(fā)提供了一個成功的范例。課題介紹了虛擬樣機技術、國內外液壓支架的發(fā)展狀況以及利用虛擬樣機技術進行自移式超前支架開發(fā)的意義；介紹了自移式超前支架的結構特點、承載原理以及應用MALTAB語言編寫M文件的方式自動計算出自移式超前支架的主要技術參數；介紹了自移式超前支架液壓控制系統的特點和常用的液壓基本回路，設計出自移式超前支架的液壓控制系統，提出基于虛擬樣機技術的液壓控制系統的實現方法。在UG-NX環(huán)境下完成了自移式超前支架零部件的三維造型設計并采用自底向上的裝配方式，完成了支架的虛擬裝配，查找設計不合理的因素，計算出自移式超前支架的質量、體積、轉動慣量等物理特性，并且完成了從3D實體模型圖到2D工程圖的生成。將零部件的3D模型按照Parasolid標準輸出“.x_t”文件，為ANSYS進行有限元分析做準備。介紹了有限元法的基本原理及其求解步驟，在研究CAE技術和CAD技術之間的數據傳輸的基礎上，提出利用ANSYS和UG-NX的數據接口，將UG-NX環(huán)境下輸出的“.x_t”文件導入ANSYS環(huán)境下，進行網格劃分、約束加載求解、后處理，完成自移式超前支架主要承載部件（如頂梁等）的應變、應力分析，根據零部件在承載狀態(tài)下變形量的大小驗證零部件的設計是否合理。
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外文摘要
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The thesis raises designing the automatic advanced hydraulic bracket to support the terminal of the working fields according to the problems exposed to the supporting method nowadays being used in mechanized coal cutting. Considering the hydraulic bracket company has many maladies during the development of the products, The thesis raises adopting Virtual Prototyping to design the product. By simulation and modifying digital prototyping on computer before product, we can reduce the costs and shorten the design interval and improve the quality of the products. The theme also provides a successful paradigm for the design of other machinery products. The thesis introduces Virtual Prototyping technology, development of the hydraulic supports and the significance of designing automatic advanced bracket based on Virtual Prototyping technology. The thesis introduces the structure features of the bracket, the principle for enduring the load and instructs a method of counting key technology parameters using MATLAB to edit M files. The features and the fundamental circuit of the hydraulic controlling system are also instructed, and the hydraulic controlling system of the automatic advanced bracket is designed, putting forward the method of emulating based on the Virtual Prototyping technology. The thesis achieves three dimension design for the parts of the bracket, and completes virtual assemble using Bottom-Up assembly, checking irrational factors in the design, counting the quality, volume and the retary inertia of the assembly solid and creating engineering drawing from 3D model to 2D view in UG-NX. “.x_t” files of the 3D models are exported by Parasolid standard and make ready for the analysis using ANSYS software. The thesis instructs the principle for the FEA and solving steps, put forward the method of guiding the “.x_t” file into ANSYS conditions based on the investigation of the interface between the CAE technology and CAD technology, making analysis of stress and strain for the main loading parts (ef. upper beam, etc) of the automatic advanced bracket by meshing, loading-solving and postprocessing, and verifying the result of the design of the parts in loading conditions according to the strain.
高強度結構鋼的焊接試驗及液壓支架有限元分析/THE WELDING EXPERIMENTS OF HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL STEEL AND THE FINITE ELEMENT STRENHTH ANLYSIS OF FLUID POWER BEARER
中文摘要
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本文對抗拉強度為800 高強鋼WH80的焊接性能進行了研究，實驗數據表明高強鋼WH80可以用于支架設計。初步總結了一套焊接工藝，包括預熱溫度的確定、低強度匹配的可行性、焊接速度的選取以及線能量的確定等，這些研究方法與手段可以直接用于生產實踐。對支架整架結構件裝配體進行了應力分析，建立了具體的分析模型，對于外載荷的處理、邊界條件的確定提出了具體的處理方法，建立了完整的支架簡化結構模型。通過研究，可以得出如下結論： (1) 高強鋼WH80屬于低焊接冷裂紋敏感性鋼，可用作支架設計板材。 (2) WH80鋼可以選用比母材強度低的焊接材料J707RH進行焊接，以使接頭強度與母材強度等強。 (3) 預熱溫度的確定除考慮材料化學成份外，還應考慮到晶向組織的變化。對于WH8O高強鋼為防止脆化，預熱溫度應選定在120 左右。 (4) 支架在頂梁偏載工況下受力狀況最為惡劣，表現為支架頂梁、斜梁、前后連桿和底座等處都有較大的應力分布。 (5) 最高Von Mises應力分布表現為區(qū)域性、局部性的存在，在實際設計中應考慮在該區(qū)域施以高強度板材，而無需整架采用高強度板材，以節(jié)省支架成本。
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外文摘要
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This topic research content was 800 high tensile steel WH80 welding performance conducts the research to the tensile strength, the empirical datum had indicated high tensile steel WH80 was allowed to use in the support design. This topic research initially summarized set of weldings crafts, including the preheating temperature determination, the low intensity match feasibility, the welding speed selection as well as the line energy indeed grades, these research techniques and the method may directly use in the production practice. Has carried on the stress analysis to the support entire frame structural element assembly body, has established the concrete analysis model, regarding outside load processing, the boundary condition determination proposed the concrete processing method, established the integrity support to simplify the structural model. Through the research, we may draw following conclusion: (1) High tensile steel WH80 belongs to the low welding cold crack sensitive steel and may serve as the support design plate. (2) The WH80 steel may select compared to parent metal intensity low welding material J707RH carries on the welding, causes the attachment intensity and the parent metal intensity and so on is strong. (3) Preheating temperature determination besides consideration material chemical composition, but also should consider the crystal to organization's change. For prevents the embrittlement regarding the WH8O high tensile steel, the preheating temperature should designate about 120. (4) The support carries under the operating mode in the top-beam the stress condition to be worst, displays for the support top-beam, Sloping beams, around the connecting rod and the foundation and so on place all has the bigger stress distribution. (5) Highest Von the Mises stress distribution performance for the regional characteristic, the partial existence, in the actual design should consider serves with the high strength plate in this region, but need not the entire frame to use the high strength plate, saves the support cost.
現代煤礦高效工作面的關鍵設備液壓支架 ,是煤礦實現采煤、運輸和支護等所有工序全部機械化的重要環(huán)節(jié)。結合多年的液壓支架制造經驗 ,分析了液壓支架標準化現狀及弊端 ,進而對液壓支架標準化的實施途徑提出了建議 ,以期對推動液壓支架標準化的進程有所裨益
【英文摘要】 The hydraulic support is the key equipment in today's high production faces underground,it is important tache to realize the mechanisation of all process including mining,transport and shoring etc.Combining years experience of the hydraulic support production,author analysed hydraulic support standardization present situation and abuse,and then made suggestion about the implement channel of hydraulic support standardization,in order to for promote the process of hydraulic support standardization benifit.
在詳細分析液壓支架初撐力與直接頂相互作用機理的基礎上,對支架合理初撐力的確定進行了分析研究,并提出了合理支架初撐力的確定方法。
【英文摘要】 On the basis of analysis of the reciprocity mechanism of original pressure and direct roof, the author analyzes the setting methods of appropriate original pressure of powered support is put forward finally.
綜合分析了國產液壓支架與國外先進國家支架間在技術性能、控制系統、元件制造以及工作介質等諸方面的差異,設計了以插裝閥為控制元件的液壓系統,研究了以水為工作介質的支架液壓元件制造技術。
【英文摘要】 The paper gives a synthetic analysis to the difference between homemade hydraulic timbering and imported one from advanced country on technical properties, control system, parts manufacture and working medium etc., designs the hydraulic system which is used plug-in valve as controlling part and researches the manufacturing technique of hydraulic part in timbering which is working by the medium of water
課題根據當前綜合機械化采煤工作面所采用支護方式暴露出來的問題，提出采用自移式超前支護液壓支架對綜放面端頭進行超前支護；考慮到現今液壓支架生產企業(yè)在產品開發(fā)過程中存在的種種弊端，提出將虛擬樣機技術應用到液壓支架的設計開發(fā)中。在支架投入生產之前在計算機上仿真和修改數字樣機，縮短了研發(fā)周期，提高了產品質量，減少了由于制造物理樣機而增加的成本。本課題也為其他機械產品的開發(fā)提供了一個成功的范例。
課題介紹了虛擬樣機技術、國內外液壓支架的發(fā)展狀況以及利用虛擬樣機技術進行自移式超前支架開發(fā)的意義；介紹了自移式超前支架的結構特點、承載原理以及應用MATLAB 語言編寫M 文件的方式自動計算出自移式超前支架的主要技術參數；介紹了自移式超前支架液壓控制系統的特點和常用的液壓基本回路，設計出自移式超前支架的液壓控制系統，提出基于虛擬樣機技術的液壓控制系統的實現方法。在UG-NX 環(huán)境下完成了自移式超前支架零部件的三維造型設計并采用自底向上的裝配方式，完成了支架的虛擬裝配，查找設計不合理的因素，計算出自移式超前支架的質量、體積、轉動慣量等物理特性，并且完成了從3D 實體模型圖到2D 工程圖的生成。將零部件的3D 模型按照Parasolid 標準輸出“.x_t”文件，為ANSYS 進行有限元分析做準備。介紹了有限元法的基本原理及其求解步驟，在研究CAE技術和CAD技術之間的數據傳輸的基礎上，提出利用ANSYS 和UG-NX 的數據接口UG-NX 環(huán)境下輸出的“.x_t”文件導入ANSYS 環(huán)境下，進行網格劃分、約束加載求解、后處理，完成自移式超前支架主要承載部件（如頂梁等）的應變、應力分析，根據零部件在承載狀態(tài)下變形量的大小驗證零部件的設計是否合理。
關鍵詞：虛擬樣機，自移式超前支架，Parasolid，ANSYS
ABSTRACT
The thesis raises designing the automatic advanced hydraulic bracket to support the
terminal of the working fields according to the problems exposed to the supporting methodnowadays being used in mechanized coal cutting. Considering the hydraulic bracket companyhas many maladies during the development of the products, The thesis raises adopting Virtual Prototyping to design the product. By simulation and modifying digital prototyping oncomputer before product, we can reduce the costs and shorten the design interval and improvethe quality of the products. The theme also provides a successful paradigm for the design ofother machinery products.
The thesis introduces Virtual Prototyping technology, development of the hydraulic
supports and the significance of designing automatic advanced bracket based on VirtualPrototyping technology. The thesis introduces the structure features of the bracket, theprinciple for enduring the load and instructs a method of counting key technology parametersusing MATLAB to edit M files. The features and the fundamental circuit of the hydrauliccontrolling system are also instructed, and the hydraulic controlling system of the automaticadvanced bracket is designed, putting forward the method of emulating based on the VirtualPrototyping technology. The thesis achieves three dimension design for the parts of thebracket, and completes virtual assemble using Bottom-Up assembly, checking irrationalfactors in the design, counting the quality, volume and the retary inertia of the assembly solidand creating engineering drawing from 3D model to 2D view in UG-NX. “.x_t” files of the3D models are exported by Parasolid standard and make ready for the analysis using ANSYSsoftware. The thesis instructs the principle for the FEA and solving steps, put forward themethod of guiding the “.x_t” file into ANSYS conditions based on the investigation of theinterface between the CAE technology and CAD technology, making analysis of stress andstrain for the main loading parts (ef. upper beam, etc) of the automatic advanced bracket bymeshing, loading-solving and postprocessing, and verifying the result of the design of theparts in loading conditions according to the strain.
Keywords：Virtual Prototyping, automatic advanced bracket, Parasolid, ANSYS
II
現代煤礦高效工作面的關鍵設備液壓支架 ,是煤礦實現采煤、運輸和支護等所有工序全部機械化的重要環(huán)節(jié)。
支撐掩護式支架是以支撐為主 ,掩護為輔的液壓支架 ,用來控制采場頂板下沉斷裂及冒落 ,保證控頂距內頂板完整和必要的回采空間。對支撐掩護式液壓支架的結構特點及合理應用等進行了簡要介紹。為保證支架的合理工作狀態(tài) ,應盡量縮短降架時間 ,快速移架 ,及時支護 ,并保持足夠的支架初撐力在詳細分析液壓支架初撐力與直接頂相互作用機理的基礎上,對支架合理初撐力的確定進行了分析研究,并提出了合理支架初撐力的確定方法。
【英文摘要】The hydraulic support is the key equipment in today's high production faces underground,it is important
Standing shield hydraulic support can control the subsidence,rupture and inbreak of the stope roof,and assure the integrity of the roof and necessary extraction space.The structural feature and its rational application of standing shield hydraulic are introduced in brief.According to the paper,it is necessary to reduce the time of falling support,to move support quickly,to timber the roof in time and keep enough setting pressure. On the basis of analysis of the reciprocity mechanism of original pressure and direct roof, the author analyzes the setting methods of appropriate original pressure of powered support is put forward finally.
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