摘要
2
換熱器又 被叫熱量交換 器，是一種 把熱流體的 熱量傳遞給冷 流體的
設(shè)備，并且實(shí) 現(xiàn)化工生產(chǎn) 過程中熱量的 交換和傳遞 不可缺少的設(shè) 備，在
工廠中具有重要的意義。管殼式換熱器具有可靠性高、適應(yīng)性廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，
在各工業(yè)領(lǐng) 域中得到最為 廣泛的應(yīng)用 。U 型管式換 熱器就是管殼 式換熱
器的一種，屬 石油化工設(shè) 備，由管箱、 殼體及管束 等主要部件組 成，因
其換熱管成 U 形而得名 。折流板顧名思義是用來改變流體 流向的板，常
用于管殼式換 熱器設(shè)計(jì)殼 程介質(zhì)流道， 根據(jù)介質(zhì)性 質(zhì)和流量以及 換熱器
大小確定折流 板的多少。 管板，就是在 圓形鋼板上 鉆出比管子外 徑一樣
略大一些的孔 ，是換熱器 中起到固定管 子以及密封 介質(zhì)作用的圓 鋼。固
定管板換熱器中常用的是 U 型膨脹節(jié)，它具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊簡(jiǎn)單，補(bǔ)償性好，
價(jià)格便宜等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
已知條件為：設(shè)計(jì)壓力為管程 2.0MPa，殼程 1.9MPa，工作溫度管程
90℃，殼程 180℃ ，設(shè)計(jì)溫度管程 100 ℃，殼程 200℃ ，管程介質(zhì)為水，
殼程介質(zhì)為高溫油。依據(jù)給定條件，查 GB15 1—1999 書第 138 頁，通過
試算法獲得總傳熱系數(shù)，所得傳熱面積為 73m ?？紤]到介質(zhì)特性、其他
因素，采用Φ25×2.5 的不銹鋼的無縫鋼管作換熱管，本設(shè)計(jì)采用 240 根換
熱 管 可 滿 足 換 熱 量 。 設(shè) 定 拉 桿 數(shù) 量 為 12 ， 計(jì) 算 得 到 筒 體 直 徑 為
DN=700mm 。完成了壓降 計(jì)算、管壁 溫度、傳熱系 數(shù)計(jì)算等。 強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
中，依據(jù) GB150 進(jìn)行筒體、封頭強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)及校核，依據(jù)流量進(jìn)行入口接
管、出口接管等管口直徑的選擇，依據(jù)等面積補(bǔ)強(qiáng)法進(jìn)行開口補(bǔ)強(qiáng)計(jì)算。
本設(shè)計(jì)選擇管板延長兼做法蘭，依據(jù) GB151 中的彈性支撐假設(shè)對(duì)管板進(jìn)
行設(shè)計(jì)和校核 ，管板與換 熱管的連接方 式為焊接， 拉桿與管板為 螺紋連
接結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)，進(jìn)行了臥式容器鞍座校核。
我設(shè)計(jì)的 U 型管換 熱器每根換 熱管皆彎 成 U 形， 兩端分別固 定在同
一管板上下兩 區(qū)，借助于 管箱內(nèi)的隔板 分成進(jìn)出口 兩室。此種換 熱器完
全消除了熱應(yīng)力，結(jié)構(gòu)比浮頭式簡(jiǎn)單，但管程不易清洗。
關(guān)鍵字:
換熱 器; U 形管
;
折流 板
；管板
Abstract
For
heat
exchanger
was
called
heat
exchanger
is
a kind
of
the thermal
fluid heat transfer to the cold fluid equipment, and the realization of chemical
production in the process of heat exchange and transmission of essential
equipment, in the factory has important significance. Shell and tube heat
exchanger has the advantages of high reliability and wide adaptability, and is
widely used in various industrial fields. U type tube heat exchanger is a shell
and tube heat exchanger, is a petrochemical equipment, from the tube box,
shell and tube bundles and other major components, because of its heat
transfer tube into a U shaped and named. Baffle plate as the name suggests is
used to change the flow direction of the plate, commonly used in shell and
tube heat exchanger design shell medium flow channel, according to the
nature of the medium and flow and the size of the heat exchanger to
determine the number of baffles. Tube plate, is in the circular plate drilled
than the pipe diameter as slightly larger hole is change in the heat exchanger
to pipe fixing and sealing the role of the media bar. Fixed tube sheet for heat
exchanger in commo n is U-type expansion joint, which has simp le and
comp act structure, go od compensatory and cheap price advantage.
For heat exchanger was called heat exchanger is a fluid heat transfer
heat to the cold fluid equipment and known conditions: design pressure
2.0MPa pipes, shell 1.9mpa, working temperature tube process 90 DEG C,
shell of 180 DEG C, design temperature tube process at a temperature of 100
DEG C, shell side 200 DEG C, mo nitor medium for water, shell side medium
for high temperature oil. According to the given conditions, the GB151 - 1999
book 138th pages, the total heat transfer coefficient was obtained by trial
calculation method, the heat transfer area was 73m2. Considering the medium
characteristics and other factors, the phi 25 x 2.5 stainless steel seamless steel
tube
as
heat
transfer
tube
and
the
design
the
240
tube
can
meet
the
heat
transfer. The number of
the set rod is 12,
and
the diameter
of the cylinder
is
DN=1000mm. The calculation
of the pressure drop, the wall
temperat ure and
heat
transfer
coefficient
were completed.
In
the strength
design
and
GB150
basis
for
cylinder
head
design
and
strength
check,
according
to
the flow of
inlet
takeover, outlet nozzle and orifice diameter selection, on the basis of the
area fill method to an opening reinforcement calculation. The design
selection
of pipe plate to extend
and do the flange, based on the elastic support GB151
assumption
on
the tube plate design
and check, tube plate and heat exchanger
tube
connection
for
welding,
tie
rod
and
tube
plate
for
the
threaded
connection structure. At the same time, the horizontal vessel saddle check.
I designed the U type tube heat exchanger each tube is bent into
a
U
shape,
both
ends
were fixed
in
the same tube plate
up
and
down
two
areas,
with
the tube
box
of the partitio n
into
the import
and
export
room
two. The
heat exchanger completely eliminates the thermal stress, simple structure than
the float, but the tube is not easy to clean.
Key words:
Heat exchanger ; Baffle plate ; Flange ;Tube-sheet
目
錄
第一章綜述
.............................................................................................. 1
1.1
1.2
換熱器的發(fā)展及用途........................................................................ 1
換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)形式................................................................................1
1.2.1
1.2.2
換熱器的零部件名稱................................................................. 1
換熱器的主要組合部件............................................................. 3
1.3
間壁式換熱器的類型........................................................................ 4
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.3.6
夾套換熱器.................................................................................4
沉浸式蛇管換熱器..................................................................... 4
噴淋式換熱器............................................................................. 5
套管式換熱器............................................................................. 6
列管式換熱器............................................................................. 6
新型高效換熱器......................................................................... 8
1.4
1.5
換熱器的腐蝕原因及防腐措施......................................................11
結(jié)論................................................................................................ 12
參考文獻(xiàn)............................................................................................... 12
第二章?lián)Q熱器傳熱工藝計(jì)算................................................................. 14
2.1 起始數(shù)據(jù)......................................................................................... 14
2.2 定性溫度及確定其物性參數(shù).......................................................... 14
2.3 熱量守恒與油流量的計(jì)算.............................................................. 15
2.4 管程換熱系數(shù)計(jì)算.......................................................................... 15
2.5 結(jié)構(gòu)的初步設(shè)計(jì)：.......................................................................... 17
2.6 殼程換熱系數(shù)計(jì)算.......................................................................... 17
2.7 傳熱系數(shù)計(jì)算..................................................................................18
2.8
2.9
管壁溫度計(jì)算..................................................................................19
管程壓降計(jì)算..................................................................................20
第三章 U 型換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算........................................................ 21
3.1 換熱管材料及規(guī)格的選擇和根數(shù)確定........................................... 21
3.2 管子的排列方式.............................................................................. 21
3.3 確定筒體直徑..................................................................................21
3.4 筒體壁厚的確定.............................................................................. 22
3.5 筒體水壓試驗(yàn)..................................................................................23
3.6 管程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭厚度的計(jì)算.................................................. 23
3.7 容器法蘭的選擇.............................................................................. 24
3.7.1 設(shè)備法蘭的選擇....................................................................... 24
3.7.2 接管法蘭的選擇....................................................................... 25
3.8 管板的設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................................26
3.9 管箱短節(jié)壁厚的計(jì)算..................................................................... 27
3.10 拉桿和定距管的確定................................................................... 28
3.11 折流 板的選 擇............................................................................... 29
3.11.1 選型.........................................................................................29
3.11.2 折流板尺寸............................................................................. 29
3.11.3 換熱管無支撐跨距或折流板間距.......................................... 29
3.11.4 折流板厚度............................................................................. 29
3.11.5 折流板直徑............................................................................. 29
3.12 接管及開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)........................................................................... 30
3.13 分程隔板厚度選取....................................................................... 32
3.14 支座的選擇及應(yīng)力校核............................................................... 32
3.14.1 支座的選擇............................................................................. 32
3.14.2
鞍座的應(yīng)力校核..................................................................... 33
第四章結(jié)論.......................................................................................... 37
參考文獻(xiàn).............................................................................................. 38
致謝...................................................................................................... 40