普通車床的自動化改造摘 要隨著當(dāng)今工業(yè)設(shè)備對精密程度的要求越來越高，加工設(shè)備的機(jī)械加工設(shè)備的加工的精密程度也要求越來越高。而在中國的機(jī)械加工設(shè)備的車床中普通車床占了很大比例。這已經(jīng)越來越制約著當(dāng)今工業(yè)的發(fā)展。而數(shù)控機(jī)床由于價(jià)格昂貴，且需要較高技術(shù)的加工工人。所以對機(jī)床進(jìn)行自動化改造很是必要。本篇論文是在對普通臥式車床 C6150 的基礎(chǔ)上對其進(jìn)行自動化改造。作者在搜索、查閱研究大量有關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，對機(jī)床自動化改造技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究和分析，并描述了機(jī)床控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。整個改造過程主要對車床縱、橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造，選用自動轉(zhuǎn)位刀架，由脈沖發(fā)生器來加工所需要的螺紋。整個控制系統(tǒng)以 8031 型號的單片機(jī)為中心，通過編程對機(jī)床的驅(qū)動設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制以達(dá)到所需要的加工程度。關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)床改造； 自動化機(jī)床； 控制系統(tǒng)普通車床的自動化改造ABSTRACTWith the development of industry equipment, the precision required of industry equipment is more and more high. The more and more precision of equipment which machined the industry equipment is required. But in China the common lathe have a very great comparison in the machined equipment, this already restrict the development of industrial nowadays. But the CN lathe is more expensive, and needed workers with higher technically. So it is a necessity very much to modify the common lathe to lathes automatic. This paper is in the foundation of the commonness horizontal lather C6150 and modified it to Lathes automatic.The author has performed the further research and for the lathes automatic modification on the basis of the constant consultation of abundant relative documents, which focuses on describing the design of control of the machine. The main to modify the lathe is to modify the portrait, horizontal enter to the system in the Whole modification process and choose the automatic knife rest and be processed the thread need by pulser. The whole control system with the CPU of 8031 is to control the machine for center, through a plait distance drive tool machine an equipments to carry on control to attain need of process degree.Key words: Machinery Tool Reform； Lathes automatic； Servo system普通車床的自動化改造1目 錄第 1 章 緒論 ..................................................11.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床與數(shù)控技術(shù) .......................................11.1.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床與發(fā)展趨勢 .................................11.1.2 數(shù)控技術(shù) ...........................................21.1.3 數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢 ...................................41.1.4 數(shù)控機(jī)床目前在工業(yè)中的地位 .........................61.2 數(shù)控改造的必要性 .........................................61.2.1 機(jī)床與生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控化改造的市場 .......................71.2.2 機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要性 .............................71.3 數(shù)控化改造的內(nèi)容及優(yōu)缺 ...................................81.4 對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略見解 ....................101.4.1 形勢考慮 ..........................................101.4.2 發(fā)展策略 ..........................................101.5 本文的選題及主要研究內(nèi)容 ................................111.5.1 本文的選題 ........................................111.5.2 主要研究內(nèi)容 ......................................11第 2 章 數(shù)控車床總體改造方案及機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì) ...............132.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ................................................13普通車床的自動化改造22.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)基本思路 ......................................132.1.2 改造方案的確定 ....................................132.1.3 設(shè)計(jì)目的 ..........................................132.1.4 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ......................................152.2 滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與選用 ................................152.2.1 滾珠絲杠 ..........................................152.2.2 縱向滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 ..........................162.2.3 橫向滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 ..........................242.2.4 滾珠絲杠的安裝與使用 ..............................322.3 電機(jī)與滾珠絲杠連接用一級減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 ............342.3.1 齒輪傳動 ..........................................342.3.2 縱向減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 ..........................352.3.3 橫向減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 ..........................392.4 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 ........................422.4.1 步進(jìn)電動機(jī) ........................................422.4.2 縱向電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 ..............................442.4.3 橫向電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 ..............................472.5 電動刀架選擇與介紹 ......................................50第 3 章 主軸脈沖發(fā)生器介紹與選型 ...........................523.1 光電編碼器原理 ..........................................52普通車床的自動化改造33.2 主軸脈沖發(fā)生器的安裝 ....................................533.3 主軸脈沖發(fā)生器的選擇 ....................................53第 4 章 普通車床自動化改造的單片機(jī)控制 ....................564.1 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................564.2 用單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)電路 ....................................584.2.1 存儲器擴(kuò)張電路 ....................................584.2.2 面板操作鍵和功能選擇開關(guān) ..........................614.2.3 功能選擇開關(guān) ......................................624.2.4 鍵盤、顯示器接口電路 ..............................634.2.5 步進(jìn)電動機(jī)驅(qū)動電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................644.2.6 M.S.T 接口 .......................................674.2.7 輔助電路設(shè)計(jì) ......................................67第 5 章 小結(jié) ...........................................69參考文獻(xiàn) ..............................................70英文原文 ..............................................71中 文 譯 文 .............................................76致 謝 ................................................81普通車床的自動化改造4