2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit1 第4學(xué)時(shí) Grammar練習(xí) 新人教版必修5.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit1 第4學(xué)時(shí) Grammar練習(xí) 新人教版必修5 [觀察領(lǐng)悟] 觀察領(lǐng)悟下列句子，找出其規(guī)律并熟讀。 1．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 3．He became _interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. 4．From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 5．He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. 6．He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. 7．When we got to the classroom，the door was closed． 8．A watched pot never boils. [自我總結(jié)] 以上畫(huà)線部分作定語(yǔ)的有______________________________________；作表語(yǔ)的有______________________________。 答案：exposed，terrified，affected，polluted，astonished, watched；inspired，interested, closed 一、過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是在動(dòng)詞詞尾加－ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞有不規(guī)則的變化，如know→ known，keep→ kept，fall→ fallen等，這些不規(guī)則變化需要單獨(dú)記憶。 二、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的功能 1．表“被動(dòng)” 或“完成” 。 boiled water 開(kāi)水 fallen leaves 落葉 the risen sun 升起的太陽(yáng) selected apples 精選的蘋(píng)果 spoken English 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) iced beer 冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒 cooked food 熟食 fried chips 炸土豆條 2．單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修飾詞語(yǔ)的后面。但過(guò)去分詞修飾something，anyone，everything，nobody等不定代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在其后。 Hurry up，there is only a little time left. 快點(diǎn)，剩下的時(shí)間不多了。 There is nobody injured in the accident. 這場(chǎng)事故中沒(méi)有人受傷。 3．過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將分詞放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(＝which is filled with many books)． 靠近窗戶(hù)，有一個(gè)裝滿書(shū)的書(shū)架。 Her daughter，brought up by me(＝who was brought up by me)，has begun to work now. 她的女兒由我?guī)Т蟮?，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)始工作了。 三、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的功能 1．當(dāng)“人” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的“狀態(tài)或思想感情” 等。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved. 當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí)，我們被深深地感動(dòng)了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。 2．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一體。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的“狀態(tài)” ，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示被動(dòng)的“動(dòng)作” 。 My glasses are broken. 我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài)) My glasses were broken by my son. 我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。(動(dòng)作) I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. 敲門(mén)聲使我大為吃驚。(狀態(tài)) On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%的面積被水覆蓋著。(動(dòng)作) 四、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1．語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞多表示被動(dòng)意義。 surprising news使人吃驚的消息 surprised listeners吃驚的聽(tīng)眾 2．時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 the developing country發(fā)展中國(guó)家 the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 五、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，其動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The news was exciting and we were all excited. 消息令人興奮，我們都很激動(dòng)。 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我們對(duì)他在會(huì)上所講的很是驚訝。 溫馨提示：分詞作定語(yǔ)口訣 “定分”位置有二條，詞前詞后定分曉。 單個(gè)分詞在詞前，有時(shí)此規(guī)有顛倒。 分詞短語(yǔ)在詞后，“定從”和它互對(duì)照。 “現(xiàn)分”動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)，“過(guò)分”動(dòng)作完成了。 (注：“定分”：作定語(yǔ)的分詞；“定從”：定語(yǔ)從句；“現(xiàn)分”：現(xiàn)在分詞；“過(guò)分”：過(guò)去分詞。) 一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The________ (steal)bike was________(find) by the police yesterday. 2．The student________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3．The novel ________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4．The electric wire is ________(break)． 5．He became ________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6．He is an ________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7．The ________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8．The building ________(build) now is our classroom building. 9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ________(move)． 10．They were ________(frighten) to hear the ________(frighten) sound. 答案：1．stolen；found　 2.dressed　3.written　4.broken　 5．discouraged　6.honoured　7.polluted　 8.being built　 9．moved　10.frightened；frightening 二、用過(guò)去分詞形式完成下列句子 1．我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋。 Well go to visit the bridge________________________________________________________________________. 2．你為什么總是看上去很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？ Why do you always________________________________________________________________________? Do you sleep well these days? 3．我對(duì)昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。 I ________________________________________________________________________ the film I saw last night， I had expected it to be better. 4．聽(tīng)說(shuō)那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。 Everybody ________to hear the death of the famous film star. 5．要去動(dòng)物園了，孩子們非常興奮。 The children ________________________________________________________________________going to the zoo. 6．他的傷口感染了一種新病毒。 His wound ________________________________________________________________________ a new virus. 7．我多懊悔在樹(shù)林浪費(fèi)的時(shí)光??！ How I regretted the hours________________________________________________________________________! 8．我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。 I like wearing clothes________________________________________________________________________. 9．魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū)很受歡迎。 The books ________________________________________________________________________. 10．丟了錢(qián)他受到責(zé)備。 He ______________________for losing the money. 答案：1．built hundreds of years ago　2.look so tired 3．was disappointed with　4.was shocked 5．a(chǎn)re really excited about　6.became infected with 7．wasted in the woods　8.made of this kind of cloth 9．written by Lu Xun are popular　10.got blamed 三、語(yǔ)法填空 The other day, Mike was so 1.________(tire) in class 2.________ he fell asleep before long. When he woke3._________ in class, he found his teachers 4.________(disappoint) expression. His teacher told him that there was only a little time 5.________(leave) for the Midexam. Everyone should be devoted 6.________their study, 7.________they would regret sooner or later. 8.________(hear) this, Mike was deeply 9.________(move) and 10.________(determine) to work harder from then on. 答案：1．tired　2.that　3.up　4.disappointed　 5.left　6.to 7．or　8.Hearing　9.moved　10.determined 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Cheng Sixia was shocking at seeing the big scar on her 6yearold sons face burning by the boys teacher. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．An exhibition of 100 photos taking by the hearing impaired (損傷)，entitling “Beautiful Guangzhou，My Home”，is on at the Guangzhou Museum until February 18，xx. ________________________________________________________________________ 3．Dont drink polluting water，because it carries the virus. ________________________________________________________________________ 4．There is a car parking outside the house. ________________________________________________________________________ 5．We were inspiring by the inspired news. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1．shocking→shocked；burning→burned/burnt 2．taking→taken；entitling→entitled 3．polluting→polluted 4．parking→parked 5．inspiring→inspired；inspired→inspiring