2019版高考英語(yǔ) 句法 第2講 定語(yǔ)從句課件.ppt

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第2講 定語(yǔ)從句,1. （2013湖南高考）Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：幸福與成功通常降臨于那些擅長(zhǎng)于認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的長(zhǎng)處的人。who在句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ), 符合題目結(jié)構(gòu)。whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句也修飾人，但是在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或用于介詞+whom結(jié)構(gòu)中。,2. （2013江蘇高考）The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A. where B. which C. what D. when 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：世界銀行的總裁說(shuō)他熱愛(ài)中國(guó)，這種熱愛(ài)早在他的童年時(shí)代就開(kāi)始了。 此句中passion（熱愛(ài)，激情）為先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中starting之后缺少賓語(yǔ)，when和where為關(guān)系副詞，不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，因此排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)的what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選B。,3. （2013安徽高考）Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which 【解析】選D。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：2012年莫言被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使得中國(guó)人民多年以來(lái)的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面整句話的內(nèi)容，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,4. （2013福建高考）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 【解析】選A。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這本書(shū)通過(guò)那些生命受到影響的人的見(jiàn)證講述了地震的故事。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知those后為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是those，空格處在從句中作lives的定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系詞whose。,5. （2013天津高考）We have launched another man-made satellite, ______ is announced in today’s newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)發(fā)射了另外一顆人造衛(wèi)星，這在今天的報(bào)紙上報(bào)道了。that和what不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；who的先行詞是人；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。,6. （2013陜西高考）______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：孩子們通常就是這樣，醫(yī)生來(lái)的時(shí)候埃米就好些了。as is often the case固定句式，意思是“通常就是這樣”，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,7. （2013山東高考）Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：最后他到達(dá)了一個(gè)完全與外界隔絕的孤島。island后面是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾island，并且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指地點(diǎn)，所以選C。而A項(xiàng)when及B項(xiàng)where在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；D項(xiàng)whom只能指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。,8. （2013山東高考）There is no simple answer,______ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：沒(méi)有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的答案，這在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里是常有的事。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，代替前面的情況，意為“正如，正像”。,9. （2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）“You can’t judge a book by its cover, ” ______. A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 【解析】選C?？疾閍s引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：常言道：“人不可貌相?！盿s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用正常的語(yǔ)序，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。as the old saying goes是固定表達(dá)，表示“常言道；俗話說(shuō)”。,10. （2013重慶高考）John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members. A. them B. that C. which D. whom 【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人來(lái)參加他的婚禮，其中大多數(shù)都是他的家人。先行詞為40 people，在定語(yǔ)從句中作of的賓語(yǔ)并指人，用關(guān)系代詞whom，故選D；A項(xiàng)為代詞，放入之后前后為兩個(gè)完整的句子，兩個(gè)完整句子不可僅用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，需在兩句中間加入連詞才對(duì)；B項(xiàng)that一般不放在介詞后面；C項(xiàng)which指代物。,11. （2013北京高考）Many countries are now setting up national parks ______ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：現(xiàn)在很多國(guó)家都在建國(guó)家公園，在那里動(dòng)植物能得到保護(hù)。先行詞為national parks，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)故選用關(guān)系副詞where。,12. （2013江西高考）He wrote a letter ______ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how 【解析】 選C?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：他寫(xiě)了一封信，在信中，他解釋了事故中發(fā)生的事情。在此句中，letter是先行詞，where=in which引導(dǎo)后面的定語(yǔ)從句, 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故選C。,13. （2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D. which 【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：我一到達(dá)，布賴恩就帶我去看我要住的房子。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，______ I would be staying是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾house。定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以此處填關(guān)系副詞where或in which。,14. （2013浙江高考）The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：博物館將于春天開(kāi)放，屆時(shí)將有一個(gè)展覽，還將有一個(gè)看臺(tái)，在看臺(tái)上游客可以看到正在建設(shè)中的大玻璃房子。該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為platform，該空在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，只能用where。故選B。,15. （2013四川高考）Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where 【解析】 選D?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：目前人們更加關(guān)心他們所居住的環(huán)境。A項(xiàng)可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；B項(xiàng)可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；C項(xiàng)可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；D項(xiàng)可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。從句中的live為不及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞the environment在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選D項(xiàng)。,17. （2013遼寧高考）He may win the competition, ______ he is likely to get into the national team. A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case 【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：他可能會(huì)贏得比賽，那樣的話他就很可能進(jìn)入國(guó)家隊(duì)了。逗號(hào)一般不可連接兩個(gè)句子，故排除B。因?yàn)槭嵌ㄕZ(yǔ)從句，故排除C。此處要用which代指上文說(shuō)的情況，而whose是作定語(yǔ)的，此處不合句意。,熱點(diǎn)考向 1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1. 以下場(chǎng)合通常只用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： (1)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, something, little, much, none, few, the one等不定代詞時(shí)； （2）先行詞被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)； （3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)；,（4）先行詞被the only, the very(正是、恰是), the last修飾時(shí)； （5）先行詞含有人和物兩者時(shí)； （6）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)代詞which或who時(shí)； （7）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。,2. 以下場(chǎng)合通常只用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： （1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)； （2）關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)； （3）先行詞本身是that時(shí)； （4）引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念時(shí)； （5）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)，中間有其他句子成分時(shí)。,3. 關(guān)系代詞as與which的區(qū)別： 以下場(chǎng)合多用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： （1）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可； （2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為be announced, be expected, be known, be mentioned, be reported, be said等被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)； （3）表示整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，有時(shí)含有“按照；正如；根據(jù)”等意思；,（4）在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞代表整個(gè)主句所述的內(nèi)容: ①as we all know我們都知道 ②as may be imagined這可以想象得出來(lái) ③as we all can see正如我們大家所能看到的那樣 ④as has been said before如前所述 ⑤as is often the case情況常常如此 ⑥as often happens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 ⑦as is well known眾所周知 ⑧as will be shown in Figure 3將如圖3所示 （5）當(dāng)先行詞被such, the same, so +adj. +a/an，such a/an +adj. , as many/much 修飾時(shí)。,4. 其他關(guān)系代詞的用法 (1)關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，不同情況常用不同的關(guān)系詞 ①當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用who。 ②先行詞為anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用who。 ③當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用that。 ④whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，而who可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可以省略）或表語(yǔ)。 (2)whose作關(guān)系詞既可指人又可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。,【真題變式】選用as或which填空。 ①(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city, __ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. ②（2011上海高考）You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family.,as,which,【命題小試】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容命制一道考查關(guān)系代詞as與which的題目。 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. That has been discovered. 【參考答案】 A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this,【解析】選A。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意: 正如已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣, 大量的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在出生后的第一年, 所以在那一時(shí)期父母應(yīng)該多和孩子交談。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 本題考查引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞, 在句中作主語(yǔ), 指代主句整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。A項(xiàng)可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 意為“正如”; B項(xiàng)不能用于定語(yǔ)從句; C項(xiàng)雖然也能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 但常常放在整個(gè)主句之后; D項(xiàng)也不能用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,熱點(diǎn)考向 2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1. 考查關(guān)系副詞基本用法。 when指時(shí)間 = in/at/on/during which where指地點(diǎn) = in/at/from which why指原因 = for which 2. 當(dāng)先行詞為way，day，reason，time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場(chǎng)合）。 I don’t like the way（that/in which）he talks. 3. 當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常可以省掉。,【真題變式】把句中的關(guān)系副詞替換成介詞+which的形式。 ①(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process where even the small details of life should be considered. ______________________ ②（2011天津高考）The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. ____________________ ③I want to know why you are opposed to my plan. ____________________,where可替換為in which,when可替換為in which,why可替換為for which,熱點(diǎn)考向 3 介詞+whom/which/ whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1. 怎樣選擇關(guān)系代詞。 關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。whose也可以放在介詞后，即構(gòu)成“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，whose指人、物皆可。,2. 怎樣選擇介詞。 （1）一般來(lái)說(shuō)，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下兩方面入手：以從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定； 以先行詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定或以先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用與含義而定。 （2）表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”、“同位關(guān)系”或“所屬關(guān)系”，介詞常用of。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前后可以用of which/whom；也可在the +比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)前后用of which/whom等。,3. from where為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ) 從句。 【真題變式】用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子。 (2012山東高考)Maria has written two novels. Both of them have been made into television series. →________________________________________________ _______________________,Maria has written two novels, both of which have been,made into television series.,熱點(diǎn)考向 4 特殊的定語(yǔ)從句,【真題變式】用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子。 (2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature. For some reason, he had withdrawn from all human society. →__________________________________________________ _________________________________________,Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who, for some,reason, had withdrawn from all human society.,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 1 混淆關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 （母題）（2011陜西高考）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 【解析】選B。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我和我的朋友們一直走到了山頂，在那里我們欣賞到了美妙的湖光景色。把定語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)全為：We enjoyed a splendid view of the lake at the top of the hill. 由此可知，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少的成分為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選擇where一項(xiàng)。,（變式）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ______ were interested in climbing mountains. A. which B. where C. who D. that 【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我和我的朋友們一直走到了山頂，他們對(duì)爬山很感興趣。定語(yǔ)從句中缺少的成分為主語(yǔ)，且指的是人，故使用who。,【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】 ①選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞; 而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。 ②準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀)，才能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ))。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 2 混淆定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句 （母題）Liu Yang is such an outstanding astronaut ______ we all admire. A. that B. as C. who D. / 【解析】選B。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：劉洋是如此杰出的以致我們都很佩服的一位宇航員。先行詞被such修飾，一般使用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,（變式）Liu Yang is such an outstanding astronaut ______ we all admire her. A. that B. as C. who D. / 【解析】選A?？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句。句意：劉洋是一位如此杰出的宇航員，以致我們都很佩服她。we all admire her一句句子成分完整，故排除as和who；另外從句意分析，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。,【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】 the same, such, so可以與as或that搭配。as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要在從句中充當(dāng)成分；而that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，that在從句中不作任何成分。,1. (2013溫州模擬)Osama told us the work would be finished by next week, ______ personally I doubt very much. A. that B. when C. which D. it 【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：奧薩馬告訴我們那項(xiàng)工作下周之前完成，我對(duì)此十分懷疑。此處which作doubt的賓語(yǔ)，指前面提到的一件事情，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,2. Advertising can influence consumers’ moods, ______ , in turn, can influence consumers’ reactions to products. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【解析】選B。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：廣告影響消費(fèi)者的心情，反過(guò)來(lái)，消費(fèi)者的心情也能夠影響到他們對(duì)產(chǎn)品的反應(yīng)。which指代前面的consumers’ moods，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,3. （2013濟(jì)南模擬）The last time I went to Scotland was in May,______ the weather was fun there． A．where B．that C．when D．which 【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：我上次到蘇格蘭是在五月，那時(shí)那里的天氣很好。此處when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,4.______ is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：正如往常一樣，這個(gè)女孩又忘了帶詞典。As is often the case為固定句式，意為“情況常常如此”，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,5. (2013金華模擬)Could it be in the restaurant ______ we had dinner yesterday ______ you left behind your iPhone 5? A．that; where B．which; that C．where; that D．where; where 【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，第一空使用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)；第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)詞that。,6. —I can never forget the days ______ we spent together in the summer camp． —Well, especially the day ______ it suddenly began to rain in the middle of the night． A．when; when B．which; when C．what; that D．on which; when 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：——我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谙牧顮I(yíng)一起度過(guò)的日子?！?，尤其是午夜突然下雨的那天。本題兩空都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，第一空在從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ)，用that/which；第二空在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用when。,7. The number of people ______ this happens is not very large. A. with whom B. to which C. to whom D. on which 【解析】選C。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：發(fā)生這種事情的人不是很多。happen to sb. 表示“發(fā)生在某人身上”，故此處選C。,8. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ______ to produce the products of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：弗蘭克的夢(mèng)想是希望擁有自己的小店來(lái)親手制作產(chǎn)品。此處in which=where，in which to produce the products of his own hands= in which he would produce the products of his own hands。,9. On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present ______ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much”. A. which B. to which C. in which D. where 【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：她在生日那天收到她父母送的一份精美禮物，上面附了一張字條，上面寫(xiě)著“我們非常愛(ài)你”。attach . . . to表示“把……附在……上”。,10. (2013天津模擬)Now there are many opportunities ______ you can show your talent in our school. A. in which B. that C. which D. of which 【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：在我們學(xué)校里，有很多機(jī)會(huì)你可以施展你的才能。此處in which=where，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)。,