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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3 The puter the information age grammar教案(1) 冀教版必修3
一?？偸觯?為了便于講解，我將英語中的時態(tài)，分為現(xiàn)在時和過去時。現(xiàn)在時包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，姑且把將來時也歸入此類。過去時包括，一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。一般來說，時態(tài)對應(yīng)是指現(xiàn)在時對應(yīng)現(xiàn)在時，過去時對應(yīng)過去時。當然，特殊語境需要特別分析。
二。時態(tài)對應(yīng)主要包括以下的典型用法。
1。下列情況下，如果主句是將來時《用will/shall/can/must/》或者主句是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1》在 if /unless/ even if/ 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中.如：
You will be punished unless you go though with the work.
I wont attend the party even if I am invited.
2》在when/before/until
/as soon as/the moment/ once/引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。如：
Ill let you know the moment I get timely information.
Once you realize your mistake, youll regret for what youve done.
3》在 no matter what/no matter who/no matter when/no matter where/no matter how/no matter which/或者 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。如：
Ill believe whatever you have said.
However difficult the problem is ,well overe it .
Wherever you go,Ill follow you.
We can help whoever gets in trouble.
2。在 祈使句+and/or+句子 的模式中，and/or 后的句子常用將來時態(tài)。如：
Put on the coat,or youll catch a cold
Work hard,and youll make rapid progress.
3。注意used to/would 區(qū)別。他們都表示過去常常。但would 常和時間連用，而used to 不可以。如：
When I was a boy, I would swim every day.<不用used to>
4.be about to do 如果用在簡單句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果用在復(fù)合句中，常和when 引導(dǎo)的過去時的從句連用。如：
I am about to leave
when i was about to fall asleep when someone knocked the door.
但要注意be about to do 不和具體的時間連用。我們不可以說，We are about to leave this afternoon ,應(yīng)說，we are about to leave或者說，we will be leaving this afternoon.
5.語境中的過去時常表示“剛剛，剛才”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是這樣..如：
Sorry,I didnt know you were here .
6.表示愿望，打算一類的詞，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。如：
----Why havent you attended the party?
---I had meat to,but I was busy.
7.在 It/This be the first/second/---time+that 句中。如果be 為一般現(xiàn)在時，that后的句子一般用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時，如果 be為一般過去時，that后的句子為過去完成時。如：
This is the first time that I have met the famous scientist.
This is the first time that he gets involved in the tournament.
8.在 It be +段時間 +since 從句中，如果be 表現(xiàn)為 is或has been 形式，since 從句用過去時，如果be 表現(xiàn)為was 或 had been,從句用過去完成時。如：
It is 3 years since he has taught in this university.
9.在...hardly...when/...no sooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，hardly/no sooner 所在的主句用過去完成時，when/than所在的從句用一般過去時。而且，如果 hardly/no sooner 放在句首，主句部分要部分到裝，從句結(jié)構(gòu)不變。如：I had hardly recognized him when he turned up.
Hardly had I recognized him when he turned up.
No sooner had the train left than I got to the railway station.
10. 在“主句+before+從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主句和從句中動詞先后順序明顯，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時；如果主句和從句的動作先后順序不明顯，主從句都用一般過去時。如，
The film had been on for 30 minutes before I got there .
He hurriedly went out before I said a word.
11.在" it be+段時間+before從句"中，如果從句是一般現(xiàn)在時，主句中的 動詞用will be形式。如果從句中的動詞是一般過去時，主句動詞用 was的形式。如：
It will not be some time before he graduates.
It was 3 years before he graduated.
12.在“will/shall be doing"結(jié)構(gòu)中《將來進行時》，其后往往跟上具體的將來時間。如：
The plane will be flying over the Pacific this time tomorrow morning.
13.在“by + 時間”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果時間是過去時間，主句中的行為動詞常為過去完成時，但如果句中的動詞是狀態(tài)動詞be ,仍然用一般過去時。如果時間是將來時間，主句中的行為動詞用將來完成時，同樣，如果句中的動詞是狀態(tài)動詞be,仍然用將來時。如：
By the end of last year,they had pleted the task.
By last month,he was 10 years old.
By he joined the army,he had served us as a cook for 5 years.
By next month,we will have learned Lesson 21.
14.在“主語+介詞+主語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句中的動詞要以第一個主語作為標準，這類介詞有with/together with/as well as/等。如：
The teacher together with the students is going to Hongkong tomorrow.
The dog ,as well as ten sheep is going to be shipped to Qingdao .
15.在 neither...nor.../either...or.../there be...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用“就近原則”。如：
Were neither you nor he there when the accident happened ?
Neither you nor he was there when the accident happened.
There is a pen and ten books on the desk.
There are ten books and one pen on the desk.
16.注意一般過去時 和 過去進行時的區(qū)別。一般過去時可以指過去動作的完成，而過去進行時僅表示動作的進行。如：
---Has he finished the book?
---Ive no idea, but he_____ it last week.
A.wrote B.was writing
學生很容易選A。從 Ive no idea仔細分析，可以知道本句的動作是進行，而不是完成。所以B是正確的。
2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3 The computer the ination age grammar教案(1) 冀教版必修3.doc
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