一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài).ppt

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Unit 9 Grammar Vocabulary,,,I. Grammar Language focus P147 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 概念：被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。在以下三種情況下，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 1） 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者。 2） 不必提及施動(dòng)者。 3） 不知道施動(dòng)者。 詳見書本P148,eg. 1) Was the song composed by a soldier? 這首歌是由一名士兵創(chuàng)作的嗎? 2) Such books were written for children. 以前這種書是兒童讀物。 3) We were shown the machines they had turned out. 他們讓我們參觀了他們生產(chǎn)的機(jī)器。,Language focus P151 構(gòu)詞法 （詳見P151）,Language focus P153 對(duì)主語和賓語提問的疑問詞 1） 疑問代詞 who 在疑問詞中充當(dāng)主語，對(duì)主語提問不用助動(dòng)詞。 形式：who + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 其它成分? 2） 疑問代詞 what / whom在疑問詞中充當(dāng)賓語，對(duì)賓語提問要用助動(dòng)詞。 形式：what + 助動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分?,eg. 1) Who left? 誰離開了? 2) Who gave you that book? 誰給你的那本書？ 3) What are you having for dinner? 你晚飯吃什么? 4) What did she say? 她說什么了? 5) Whom did you meet in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇見了誰?,Language focus P156 動(dòng)名詞 概念： 1）動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的功能，可以起相當(dāng)于名詞的作用。 2）它與其它動(dòng)詞非謂語形式一樣，也具有動(dòng)詞的某些特征，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，并可同它的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語。 形式： 動(dòng)詞原形 ＋ ing,動(dòng)名詞的句法作用 1. 作主語 A) 動(dòng)名詞作主語也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而把動(dòng)名詞短語置于后部。這種用法通常見于：It’s no use (useless, no good, nice, fun等) + -ing，或There is no use + - ing。 B) 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語在意義上有一定的差別: 通常動(dòng)名詞泛指一般動(dòng)作，而不定式表示具體動(dòng)作。,eg. 1) Traveling by train is more comfortable than by bus. 與汽車相比，乘火車更舒適。 2) It is no use talking so much about this. 這種事多說也無濟(jì)于事。,動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別 1) Selling old houses is difficult. 賣老房子是困難的。(泛指一般動(dòng)作) 2) To sell my old house is difficult. 把我的老房子賣出去是很難的。(談?wù)撘粋€(gè)特定的動(dòng)作),2. 作賓語和介詞的賓語 (有些動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。例如： suggest, avoid, enjoy, admit ,mind, consider …) eg. 1) The boys avoided fighting. 男孩子們避免了斗毆。 2) He suggested going out for a walk. 他建議出去走走。 3) She is good at telling lies. 她很會(huì)撒謊。 4) Before driving any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在駕駛公共汽車前, 他們必須通過專門測(cè)驗(yàn)。,連詞 If 引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件， 概念： 1) 條件狀語表示“如果……，那么……”， 這種條件是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 2) if 引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之前時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)。在主句之后則不用逗號(hào)。 3) 如果條件狀語是將來時(shí), 只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。 形式： 從句：If 主語 + 謂語（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）， 主句：主語 + will/won’t（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+ 動(dòng)詞 原形,eg. 1) You may stay here if you keep quiet. 如果你保持安靜你可以待在這兒。 2) If I have time, I’ll go to the meeting together with you. 如果我有空，我將和你一起去開會(huì)。 3) If that is true, what should we do? 假設(shè)那是真的我們?cè)撛趺崔k呢? 4) She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付給她報(bào)酬，她才愿意演奏鋼琴,II. Vocabulary Activity 1 in honor of … = in one’s honor 為了（紀(jì)念或表示敬意而舉行某活動(dòng)） eg. I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors. 我做了一道特殊的菜向我們的來客表示敬意。 2) A memorial meeting was held in his honor. 舉辦了紀(jì)念會(huì)以悼念他。,worth prop./a. 1) 價(jià)值…的，頂?shù)蒙?eg. 1) This is a car worth $20，000. 價(jià)值2萬美元的一輛小汽車。 2) How much is this toy worth? That toy is worth little. 這玩具值多少錢？這個(gè)玩具不值錢。 3) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。,compete for v. to strive with another or others to attain a goal (和)……爭奪；力爭獲取 eg. 1) He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship. 他很聰明，完全能獲得數(shù)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。 2) These young men compete for the silver medal. 這些年輕人爭奪銀牌。,name v. to give a name to: 給…以名字： eg. 1) We named the child after both grandparents. 我們以孩子祖父母的名字給他取名。 2) The boy was named George after his uncle. 那孩子隨他舅父的名子取名喬治。,represent v. to stand for; symbolize: 代表代表；象征： eg. 1) The bald eagle represents the United States. 禿鷹象征了美國。 2) These stones represent armies. 那些石頭代表部隊(duì)。,stage v.to arrange and carry out: 發(fā)起；舉行，上演 eg. 1) Next year shanghai will stage a boxing match. 明年上海將進(jìn)行一臺(tái)拳擊比賽。 2) Our school stages a play every year. 我們學(xué)校每年上演一臺(tái)戲,Activity 12 bid (for) v./n. offer or propose (an amount) as a price. 出 價(jià)，投標(biāo) eg. 1) He bid $5 for an old book. 他為一本舊書出價(jià)5美元。 2) Park wants to sell his farm, and he has already had two large bids for it. 帕克想賣掉他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，并且已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)出大價(jià)的買主。,in advance ahead of time; beforehand. 提前；預(yù)先 eg. 1) They used to pay the rent in advance. 他們老是預(yù)付房錢的。 2) I received one month’s salary in advance. 我得預(yù)支一個(gè)月得薪水。,(have an/the) effect on n. the result of a particular influence 影響；效果；作用 eg. 1) The medicine had the effect of making me sleep. 我吃了這種藥想睡覺。 2) This had a great effect on on the future of both mother and son. 這件事對(duì)母親和孩子的未來都有極大的影響。,