廢舊輪胎資源綜合利用技術(shù)-外文文獻

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附錄 IIOld tires resource utilizationtechnologiesName : Long Hua Units: mechanical 02-5 Ban 9thAbstract: According to statistics, there are currently 1.5 billion worldwide each year, spent tyres, North America about 400 million, nearly 200 million, Western Europe, Japan, [1~5] 100 million. How old tyres of resources, reductions of, the sound of, not only related to the environmental protection of this important social problem, but also related to the sustainable development of the global strategy. Keyword: Telegraph meridian tyres catch stormwater system Jiaofen thermal decomposition Motor brought traffic facilities, road transport for the development of the national economy. But we enjoy the facilities and taste the results of economic development, had to face a growing number of old tyres.According to statistics, there are currently 1.5 billion worldwide each year, spent tyres, North America about 400 million, nearly 200 million, Western Europe, Japan, [1~5] 100 million. How old tyres of resources, reductions of, the sound of, not only related to the environmental protection of this important social problem, but also related to the sustainable development of the global strategy. Reasonable disposition of old tires, environmental protection has long been a problem. In the 1990s, the world is the most common practices of old tyres for burial or stowage. In the United States, for example, old tires buried 1992 / stowage rate 63%[1,5]. However, as land prices rise, the expropriation of land for burial / stowage places increasingly difficult. On the other hand, a large number of old tires piled up, could easily trigger fires, resulting in the second hazard. Along with scientific and technological progress, the nations of the world have actively open up new avenues of old tires use. Especially in recent years, growing public awareness of environmental protection, the use of waste resources to nurture new industries, economic sustainable development has become the world in 1992. Currently the cost for a renovation of old tires, prototype restructuring, the use of heat, thermal decomposition, renewable plastic, Jiaofen. One, tyres renovation [2,5~9] Renovation of the main ways is to use old tires and the best choice. Will have wear and tear, can not use the old tyres outer cut, paste, glue, another alum, will be able to re-use renovation births. In the use and maintenance of good conditions, a number of tyres can be refurbished, specifically, nylon tyres can Lianxian renovation 2~3 times Telegraph meridian tyres may renovation 3~6 times. Each refurbished one can regain the equivalent new tyre life 60~90% useful life, the average mileage of about 10,000 km 5~7. Through repeated renovation, extension of life expectancy at least allow tyres total 1~2 times, in other words, a tyre through several refurbished minimum of the equivalent of 2~3 tyres. And the renovation of an old tyres only to the production of a raw material consumed with the specifications 15~30% new tyres, new tyres for the 20~50% prices. The renovation maintained the original objects and shapes tyres, the consumption of energy and have less artificial, but to make the best use of a purpose, is generally regarded as the most effective use of old tyres. On the other hand, uses methods such as the production of renewable plastic, Jiaofen, thermal decomposition, all more or less in the use of thermal energy consumption, cost, pollution exist some problems, compared with the refurbishment of old tires obvious advantages, it has always attracted attention. Tire renovation began in 1907 the first British in 1933 after entering China. The renovation process is the traditional hot sulphide law, which still remained the country's leading crafts industry through births, but in the United States, France, Japan and other developed countries have gradually been eliminated. The renovation process is the most advanced pre sulphide cyclic pattern law, which the Italian Maran Gongni (solid) groups in the 1970s developed and put on the market in 1973. The Group is a renovation of both manufacturing equipment and testing equipment tyres, while the transnational corporations engaged in the production of tyres renovation. And the United States are anxious to share the honor Malanggongni (Bandag) company since the 1980s in tyres renovation industry has an annual turnover is under 30 million. In recent years, rising up-and-coming talent is Mijilin tyres renovation Technology Corporation (MRTI), which is ranked top in the world tyre industry Mijilin group based in France, a subsidiary of the North American region. MRTI has two patented technologies : pre sulphide renovation (Recamic) technical renovation and hot sulphide (Remix) technology. Through the imposition of walking on two legs approach, running tyres refurbished plant and transferring technology to other plants the right to use tyres renovation combined MRTI has built a huge network of tyres renovation. The network now has more than 40 factories and 37-MRTI through births between joining through births plant. As long as friends and MRTI 25,000 U.S. dollars and signed a five-year contract, the union could become MRTI through births plant enjoyment by MRTI leased through births production equipment and technical services provided through births. MRTI has been seriously affected by the rise in the North American region for nearly 100 years discussing monopoly. 60% of waste tyres are American renovation, the EC provided 25% of 2000 waste tyres must be renovated, and my presence larger gap with the advanced countries, which is now being refurbished old tires less than 10%. Second, the Company restructured [3,5,9,10,11] Company tied up through restructuring, tailoring, Chongqie way, old tires into usable items. The most common is for the pier and ship fenders, the land sank to the bottom of the sea to serve as artificial reefs, as a floating buoy lights beacon. 250 million scrap tires generated annually America, through restructuring will enable the Company changed 500~600 million spent for Po. Ring network pad platoon companies collect old tires, and used cutting machines separation births are births circle, then according to the needs of different sizes of plastic births are cut as with the flexible plastic woven into protective net, crash barriers block wall, non-slippery cushion platoon. Flexible protective network for the construction, flying rock blasting site turned up materials. Crash barriers block wall for the protection of shipyards; Skid - proof pad for the temporary reinforcement of the road so that heavy vehicles pass muddy strip. From old tyres down on the interception of births circle, but also can be processed into outfall sale. Connecticut, many U.S. residents will use old tires to replace underground piping good habits. They will be worn tyres erected cons, alighted buried in the ground, as fixed by flood carrying culverts, are also quite economical and practical. USA California invented a boss using old tyres entertainment industry restructuring into "catch stormwater system," the cost savings golf course lawn irrigation technology, and thus apply for a patent. The so-called "catch stormwater system" that is to be broken up among the old tires from one into two, and then buried in a golf course lawn feet deep underground. In the world of rain, rainwater accumulated in the first half of tyres, so leakage wastage, and ensure adequate moisture for grass-roots absorb, thereby reducing the frequency of irrigation. Top of a standard 18 hole golf course, about 1.2 million of scrap tyres have a year to save irrigation costs 1~7 million.It was invented by Japan's old tyres while slope. Practice is : to be worn tyres were placed in the surface, and then use cement irrigation gaps so that old tires and even into the overall depth. This approach not only save cement, and reinforced the solid surface level, while consumption of old tires, its benefits In addition to killing two birds with one stone. French technicians using old tyres building "green fabric walls", the use of sound-absorbing effect that the excellent audio in 250~2000Hz noise can be absorbed into 85%. The specific practices are : Split along diameter will be worn tyres symmetrical two and a half, and then in favor of 20 meridian east at its height, and then cover with metal grilles in the wall panels as fire protection. The need to display more 20 meridian east, mainly to facilitate drainage and to avoid floating into the rain-breeding of mosquitoes in tires. Compared with other integrated way, prototype restructuring is a very valuable recycling methods, which consume less energy and labour conditions to make the best use of waste tyres, but will provide the space imaginatively and boldly practice opportunities. However, the method of consumption waste tyres are not large, so only as a supplementary means. Third, the use of thermal [1,2,4,12,13] Old tires is a high fever value materials, the Fat calories per kg, respectively, 69% higher than wood, and 10% higher than bituminous coal, coke higher than 4%. Heat is used to replace worn tires fuel use. First, direct burning heat recovery, the law is simple, but will cause air pollution, it advocates; Second, old tyres broken, and then by a certain proportion of combustible waste material and mixed solid waste into fuel preparation (RDF), for furnace Penchui replace coal, oil and coke, and coal for cement Huizhuanyao replace coal. At the same time, there are by-products of the law -- black generation, as shown by the active agent can again for rubber production. Today in the United States, Japan and many European countries, many plants, power plants, paper mills, steel mills and smelters in using old tires as fuel, and the effect was very good, not only reduced production costs, but fundamentally solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by old tires. Of the plant, the steel wire Lianxian old tyres and steel wire births circle of iron ore is required to replace cement manufacturing components, namely the use of old tyres roast cement, less plus or without iron ore, which is really a two objects used, why? In all integrated way, the heat is used to the greatest exertion old tyres only way to survey the plot, this is one; The tyres are rubber, steel wool, fibre and other various materials complex, which increased the difficulty of recycling, as it must be to create Jiaofen old tires for processing, rubber tyres, parts and steel wire, fibre segment separation, and no use of the heat, this is the second; Third, relative to other sources means the use of thermal equipment investment minimum. Therefore, the use of heat in recent years have gradually aroused the attention of Governments and environmental groups, is considered the best way to deal with old tyres, thus identified as the focus of future use old tyres direction. I believe no 1935, the use of heat sources in old tyres occupy the leading position. Four, renewable plastic [4,5,9,13] Through chemical methods for waste tyres rubber desulfurization from renewable resources old rubber tyres is the oldest method. The earliest dating back to 1847, it was invented by turpentine and spent sulphide rubber to boiling desulfurization method is the first in the world of renewable plastic. During the Second World War, countries are facing varying degrees of rubber scarce resources. To remedy deficiencies and develop renewable plastic production countries, the new processes, new technologies are emerging, gradually increase the degree of automation of production, renewable plastic industry has experienced unprecedented prosperity picture. Period is the peak period of renewable plastic industry. After the end of World War II, natural rubber shortages eased, particularly large-scale industrialization began production of synthetic rubber, plastic renewable status as a rubber substitutes were completely shaken, were pushed into the match agents to glue, renewable plastic production, consumption dropped, renewable plastic market and make them shrink. It can be said that if the price of natural rubber and synthetic rubber not raise enough to make a clear economic benefits of renewable rubber, plastic industrial development in the future is renewable revitalization. Especially in recent years, with the increasingly global environmental winds blowing more, the many disadvantages of renewable plastic industries, such as crafts complex, multi-energy, production processes pollute the environment, causing pollution, the second increasingly have caused public concern. On the other hand, compared with rubber, plastic Because renewable poor performance, application is limited in scope. Thus, the developed countries have gradually reduce its output of renewable plastic, systematic closure of renewable plastic plant used to replace manufacturing production Jiaofen renewable plastic, plastic industry renewable prosperity era has gone forever. Plastic currently used renewable production technologies dynamics desulfurization renewable France (Engeerke France), normal atmosphere temperature renewable law, low-temperature regeneration Act (TCR France), the transfer of cryogenic catalytic desulfurization France, microwave renewable law, law and radiation pressure from renewable renewable law. Renewable plastic mainly used in the production of rubber, plastic materials as a certain proportion of us, one to replace a small part of the plastic, in order to reduce the cost of products, two plastic materials processing to improve performance. Controlled renewable plastic materials for the manufacture of various plastic rubber. Renewable plastic tyres in the general consumption of 5% in the consumption of industrial products generally 10~20% in boots, shoes, and other products of low consumption in general could reach around 40%. Five, Jiaofen [2,13~15] Through mechanical means will be spent after the tyres smash Jiaofen powder material is, a normal atmosphere temperature of their production processes to smash France, low-temperature refrigeration smash law, the impact of water law.By definition, low-temperature refrigeration is used to smash France refrigerant (usually Yedan) will be showing old tires frozen below the high polymer plastic glass temperature Tg value of the following (such as natural rubber or butadiene styrene rubber for -90~-67 degrees), for its crisp, then crushed. This is the Jiaofen, size small, good mobility and a series of normal atmosphere temperature smash Jiaofen features not available. Compared with renewable plastic, Jiaofen not desulfurization, the less energy consuming production processes, processes much simpler than renewable plastic, not waste water, exhaust pollution of the environment, but Jiaofen outstanding performance, uses extremely broad. Jiaofen through production to environmental protection and recycling waste tyres is a concentration of resources in integrated reuse promising, and this is the developed countries abandon renewable plastic production, the focus will be the use of renewable plastic waste tyres Jiaofen and open to the use of other areas of causes. Some experts predict that manufacturing Jiaofen expected to become a platoon in the renovation, after the third heat of the main channel. Jiaofen many important uses, such as showing us to replace the plastic parts for plastic, lower product costs; Activation Jiaofen or modified to manufacture various rubber Jiaofen available (vehicle tyres, auto parts, transport belt, mudguards, masks, shoes and shoes core, flexible tiles, circles and pad, etc.); Mixed with asphalt or cement for road construction and housing construction; and plastic and can be used to produce waterproofing Juancai, agricultural water-saving irrigation pipes, silencers panels and floors, plumbing and pipeline, packing materials, frameworks, revolving boxes, bathtubs, water tanks; production paint, painting and adhesives; production of activated charcoal. According Waikan reports, the United States Howard University researchers used Jiaofen manufactured plastic sheet, and then plastic sheet taped to replace cement in the corrugated iron wall of a highway noise wall. Reportedly, 1.6 km in length and 8 meters high noise wall expendable 60,000 of the old tires. This noise walls manufacturing costs comparable with the concrete wall, but the noise much better results than the cement wall. Because of lagging performance rubber, so its ability to absorb noise than cement strong. The United States also used Jiaofen manufacturing sewer flanges and streets Yinjingge, which lowered the municipal works investment, and reducing waste tyres on the environment pollution. Japan will Jiaofen substantial difference for the manufacture of safety, water permeability, soft walking flu and sexual Naishui different functions rubber pad, stadiums floor materials, swimming pools Guarding fate, shining characters rubber, not only low-cost products, and easy color. Reportedly, the bottom of sand, the surface of Jiaofen composite tiles, the useful life of up to 50 years. In recent years, Jiaofen application has been considerable progress in our already developed a number of practical technical institutions. Beijing, innovative technology research center is one of example. The center used flexibly brick colour Jiaofen production success, and has applied for national patent. Such slabs non-toxic, non-polluting, non-slippery, Fangmei, fire, wear-resisting, light, resistance, and absorb shocks ability, a suitable person running, sports required best friction coefficient, not only the exterior design, Juegan comfortable, and lower costs, laying convenient, widely used in the square, parks, the People's Bank of China corridors, playgrounds, swimming pools, family bathrooms, balconies, computer rooms and other types of sports venues and public places equipment laying on the ground. I believe in the future of urban roads and public facilities construction, the new tiles will be handy, and such new technologies are expected to become new hot spots for investment. Recycling of waste is a systematic project. Not only will be required in the waste into new resources to low-cost, not to create new sources of pollution, but also for waste and transformed by the new resources are available, the best that could be substantial use and consumption, or it will result in new resources and the backlog of waste to form a "change or to Po" virtuous circle. Crush old tyres production Jiaofen is no exception. To achieve these goals, the countries of the world in recent years have been actively expanding the scope of application Jiaofen, persistent search for new uses. Jiaofen Gonghun been modified asphalt and asphalt will be used in the recent 10 years of highway construction is the focus of the world development. Jiaofen limited to asphalt, the asphalt may increase resilience, and because the oil can absorb asphalt wax reduced floating wax content, thus enabling asphalt sensitivity to temperature drop. Jiaofen modified asphalt laying by the road surface more durable than regular asphalt, low noise, a few cracks, Naihou sexual better, life-long double ice cold weather difficult. According to the briefing, using a two-way Jiaofen modified asphalt laying high-grade highways, per kilometre of road can be consumed 10,000 metric tires manufactured Jiaofen. From the 1990s onwards, the U.S.-led Western countries have legislation to encourage or compulsory use in highway construction Jiaofen. If the United States Congress in 1991 adopted the "integrated land transport Economic Act (ISTEA)" to specify from 1994 onwards who used federal funding procurement hot mix asphalt mixed materials, which must be used to purchase 5% of the funding Jiaofen modified asphalt, and thereafter 5% annual increase in