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Semi-automatic intelligent V belt length sorter
V product is the ring without a joint, V group use, due to differences in length, numerical tension per root zone under different. High tension band V will damage early; small tension band V, ability did not get to play, leading to reduce the system transmission efficiency. Therefore the national standard GB\/T13575.1-92. regulations, the V various models with extreme deviation and assembly tolerance values.V belt manufacturer should be according to the national standards, the sorting of V with finished product testing, grouping, and hit the mark, choose to facilitate the users. It is very difficult but finished the work by manual measurement. The automatic V belt sorting machine is a kind of high efficient equipment, but the price is expensive.
Therefore, the majority of small and medium-sized manufacturers need a capable of sorting, and low price, using special equipment, repair, debugging convenient. This machine is designed to solve the problems mentioned above to a semi-automatic intelligent V belt length sorting machine.
The main research contents and the results are: 1) for the V belt sorting design, financial PLC, modern sensor technology, mechanical, pneumatic technology in one, a typical electromechanical integration equipment; 2) the use of modern sensor technology, conversion between the displacement and detection based on pulse number; Detection of pulse number of packet, to realize the indirect measured packet with long; the number of print pulse corresponds to mark the corresponding, automatically printing the mark; 3) with PLC as the core control unit to realize intelligent control, were detected with the model change, mainly by adjusting the application software to complete the task of transformation, to achieve the performance the price is higher than the; 4) according to the characteristics of V with a daily production capacity of large, through the automatic detection and printing integration, to achieve a high efficiency detection, 10 / min; 5) design semi-automatic intelligent, high technology and rich human resources to achieve the organic combination, suitable for national conditions.
Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering Course design is finished we learn all the basic courses university, technical basic courses and specialized courses after most of the. This is the course of the study prior to graduation each course an in-depth and comprehensive general review is a theory with practical training, so it in our four years of university life plays an important role.
The design of the shaper of the fork, including the parts diagram, rough and assembly drawings each one, the mechanical process the card and a card with the process. First, we should be familiar with parts and understand their role, which is located lathe speed change mechanism, the main effect from the shift. Then, according to the nature of parts and components map to determine the roughness of the end of the size and rough machining allowances. Fork process to finalize a road map to develop the workpiece clamping program, draw fixture assembly drawing.
This design is fork Shaper milling machining process and ends special fixture design. From the appearance of parts of the structure, it looks complicated and difficult process, so the choice is casting parts. Its main processing is the hole surface, surface and both ends of the side fork Crossings, notch, in the process because of surface precision machining precision holes easier than the guarantee. Therefore, the first plane used in the design principles of post-holes, and holes and the plane is divided into roughing and finishing processing stage to ensure accuracy. In this design, first to a base level of a surface processing, and then, then the corresponding holes in the base-level processing. In the following processes, are the holes for the locating datum, processing fork Crossings at both ends of surface (relative to the hole location accuracy) slot and the inclined plane, in the processing were used milling machine, drilling machine. And designed a special face milling fixture. As the size of the parts is not required clamping force is not. Therefore, the clamping means are manually clamped, clamping it simple, mechanism design is more convenient to meet the clamping requirements.
Personally, I hope that through the course design, understanding and awareness of general machinery parts production process, have learned to consolidate and deepen the technical knowledge of basic courses and specialized courses, theory with practice, from exercising their own analysis of the problem, ability to solve problems for future work lay a good foundation, and for follow-up courses of study in future.
There are many different types and manufacturers of auto-sort technologies on the market today,but they can be classified into three basic types. These technologies employ some type ofdetection signal that can differentiate plastic bottles based on chemical or physical characteristicswhen that signal is detected and analyzed by a sensor.The first type of auto-sortation is through optical sensoring. Optical sorting systems use,visible light to separate plastic bottles by color. The second type are systems based on,“transmission technologies” whereby a signal passes directly through the bottle and isread by a sensor on the other side of the bottle. Each plastic resin has a characteristic,response to the signal based on its unique chemical composition. The third type are surface scanning devices where the signals bounce off the surface of the bottle and are reflected back to the sensor for identification. Similarly, each plastic resin type has its
own unique response. When a sensor detects what it is looking for, it will generally activate an air jet that will eject or direct the item it has positively identified. The major sortation technologies in use today include optical, X-ray transmission (XRT), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and near-infrared (NIR).
Some auto-sort technologies are capable of multiple sorts, by both resin type and color,while some are known as “binary-sort” systems -- namely those that identify just one item and separate it from a stream of bottles. The first generation of auto-sort technologies were binary-sort systems primarily developed to provide reliable separation of two visually similar, yet highly incompatible plastics from a recycling perspective -- namely PVC and PET. As has been discussed, PVC is a major contaminant in PET recycling even at very low concentrations.
The current state-of-the-art in auto-sort technology combines several types of sensors to provide multiple sorting functions for streams of commingled plastic resin types. For example, one commercial system uses an XRT sensor to separate PVC bottles, then an infrared sensor that separates bottles into clear, translucent and opaque categories, followed by optical sensors that sort bottles by color, and finally an NIR sensor to separate the bottles by resin category.
The thermodynamic calculation is the basis of the compressor calculation. With the help of the compressor-aided design system, the ordinary compressor is able to speed up its progress in calculation, which in turn reasonablizes the design; while the thermodynamic calculation of non-oil lubrication compressor caused errors or inaccuracy when pictures are retrieved by hand and figures are not best chosen. It is towards this problem that the compressor-aided design system for the thermodynamic calculation of non-oil lubrication compressor is made by digitalizing all the pictures and figures. This system will simplize the calculating process of the thermodynamic non-oil lubrication compressor, enable to select data on line, retrieve pictures and figures intelligently, output, save and print them and improve the accuracy and reliability of the calculating parameters as well.
First, introduce the layout of machine tools
Decide the size of the compressor displacement of the stars round, screw diameter, mesh size and the size of the center distance, so different in diameter screw, machine tool spindle and the rotary center are also different. To meet the processing of different diameter screw, single screw Currently the layout of machine tools in general there are several options.
The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed
Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several different specifications of the machine.
Advantages: simple structure of the machine.
Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle.
The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary
Processing screw machine according to the size of the diameter at the processing before a point of rotating spindle box. Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements, with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same.
Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw.
One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult.
2 disadvantage: after the rotating spindle spindle box and the front surface of the rotary cutter centerline distance between the reduction of the larger diameter of the screw processing is limited.
The third: the machine tool spindle box for horizontal mobile
Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box spline shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism.
Screw diameter, according to the size of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Spindle box available from the mobile Grating detection, position error ± 0.005mm.
Horizontal spindle box can be used as a mobile machine can process diameter φ95 ~ φ385mm any kind between the screw specifications.
Φ95 ~ φ385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual application in the design specifications of the machine into two, a φ95 ~ φ205mm machine screw diameter Another φ180 ~ φ385mm machine screw diameter.
Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifications of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools.
Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high.
Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle
The level of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly.
Currently available single-screw machine spindle structure of the program has the following two.
The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure
Before spindle bearing out the use of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thrust cutting force.
After the general adoption of the spindle bearings out one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings or a ball bearing to the heart.
Main advantages of this structure: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost.
One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Although the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axial-radial and bearings with bore tolerances.
2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool manufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle.
Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools.
The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spindle structure
Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. The use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cutting force.
Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings.
Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate Bearing radial clearance purposes.
Main structure of such advantages: high precision spindle. At the front spindle diameter φ230mm noodle on the end measuring spindle Beat value of 0.010mm. Φ230mm cylindrical spindle at the front end on the radial axis measurement value of Beat 0.005mm. The second structure of the spindle of a precision spindle accuracy than the first about 50% improve.
Main disadvantage of this structure:
The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy.
Third, the depth of the tool feed control
Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 millimeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machining .
Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine.
Single screw machine tools give agencies into the following different methods can be feed to control the depth of purpose.
The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed
Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping clutch, a mechanical linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector.
The advantages of this control method are: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden.
Disadvantage are: processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction discs pressed the preload spring.
Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large.
The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the mix to the depth of
Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder.
It is a tool of control principle剛接觸hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing.
The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport.
The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very intuitive and user-friendly.
Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the prior data set will be lost.
If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved.
Four, the control gear drive space
Single screw machine screw in the processing, due to the spiral groove in the rotary tool and the workpiece rotation to complete the synthesis process. Just cut into the workpiece when the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going on a greater resistance knife, cutting tool at the workpiece to be cut when the role of the spiral groove, the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going up against a smaller knife and even by the spiral groove thrust workpiece.
Because there is a box-hole processing machine tool, gear and other processing error, the tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, large amount of so-called open.
Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, in the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by too large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw.
Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large.
Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a few of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lubricating oil film thickness, the assembly error and other factors, machine design must ensure that transmission gear A certain amount of backlash, backlash decide the size of the gear tooth thickness tolerance size.
Single-screw machi