高三英語復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語氣學(xué)案

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虛擬語氣 類別 用法 例句 if引 導(dǎo)的 條件 從句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句動詞：過去式（be用were）；主句動詞：should/would/could/might +動詞原形 If he were here, he would help us. 與過去事實(shí)相反 從句動詞：had +過去分詞；主句動詞：should/would/could/might +have +過去分詞 If I had been free, I would have visited you. 與將來事實(shí)相反 從句動詞：過去式/should +動詞原形/were +不定式；主句動詞:should/would/could/might +動詞原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 其他狀語從句 as if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式 They are talking as if they had been friends for years. even if/though 引導(dǎo)的從句, 與現(xiàn)在將來/事實(shí)相反:從句動詞用過去式,主句動詞用should/would +動詞原形。與過去事實(shí)相反:從句動詞：had +過去分詞；主句動詞：should/would +have +過去分詞 Even if they were to fail, they wouldn’t lose courage. 賓語從句 demand, suggest, order, insist等表命令、建議、要求后的從句中動詞（should）+動詞原形 He suggested that we not change our mind. wish后的從句中分別用過去式、過去完成式和could/would+動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer. 主語從句 在It is necessary/important/strange that…, It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that…等從句中，謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 表語從句和同位語從句 作idea, advice, order, demand, request等表命令、建議、要求的詞的表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形 My advice is that you (should) finish your homework first. The idea that you (should) go is right. 其他句型中 It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形 It’s high time that we left. would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true! 二 其他要注意的事項(xiàng) 1. 虛擬語氣中出現(xiàn)be的過去式，只能用were。 2. suggest表 “暗示、表明”和 insist表示 “堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”,其后的賓語從句用陳述句語氣。 例如：You pale face suggests that you are ill. / He insisted that he was right. 3. if虛擬語氣條件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if, 將其提前引起倒裝。 例如：Were I you, I would remain. / Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 4. 可用with, but for代替虛擬語氣條件句。 例如：But for your help. I would have failed the exam. Without air there would be no life. as if/though, even if/though也可以不用虛擬，表示真實(shí)的情況。 例如：It looks as if it is going to rain. II、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ---If he ________________ (warn), he ________________ (not take) that food. ---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________________ (break). I would rather they _________________ (not hear) of the news. I wish I _______________ (have) a room of my own when I was a child. To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event ___________________ (take) more than a year. Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay. If I had worked harder at school, I _____________________(sit) in a comfortable office now. Her pale face suggested that she _____________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _____________ (have) a medical examination. I insisted he ____________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing __________ (be) wrong with him. He asks that he _______________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there. It is high time we _____________ (get) down to discussing this plan. If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now. Who do you suggest __________________ (send) to work there? I would have come earlier, but I ________________ (not know) that you were waiting for me. If it _______________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.