高三英語復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞講義

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非謂語動(dòng)詞 一. 非謂語動(dòng)詞種類及功能 非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式：____________ ____________ ____________ 劃出下列句子的非謂語動(dòng)詞，并指出非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所做成分。 1. I want to read a book written by the woman living there. ______________________ 2. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.. _____________________ 3. Arriving at home, he found his house broken into and his son crying. ______________________ 4. Not allowed to smoke in the room, the man had to smoke outside. ______________________ 5. To see is to believe. / Seeing is believing. ______________________ 6. The boy is missing and the police are puzzled. ______________________ 7. The boy asked his staff to go through the plan to be carried out the next week. ________________ 二. 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可做哪些成分? 主語 賓語 賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ) 表語 定語 狀語 不定式 動(dòng)名詞 分詞 非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些形式? 不定式 動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞 一般主動(dòng)式 一般被動(dòng)式 進(jìn)行式 完成主動(dòng)式 完成被動(dòng)式 三．非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)一： 分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）和不定式作定語時(shí)的區(qū)別： The problem ___________________last month is on pollution. (discuss) The problem ____________________now is how to get rid of pollution. (discuss) The problem ____________________tomorrow will be of great help to our teaching. (discuss) 小結(jié)： 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)表_________________ 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)表___________________ 過去分詞作定語時(shí)表_____________________. 注意點(diǎn)： 1. Reading is considered as the best way_________(enlarge) the English vocabulary. 2. This is the second tomb _________(find) 歸納：當(dāng)名詞由___________, ___________修飾時(shí)，用 ____________作定語, 放在名詞后。 Practice： 1. The housewife __________by the researcher said that she was satisfied with the goods. (interview) 2. The building project ______________will be completed as soon as possible. (carry out) 3. The book ___________________next month is on grammar. （publish） 考點(diǎn)二：非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 1. His handwriting is difficult_______________ (recognize). 2. He is a man hard ________________(deal with). 3. It is Tom that is ________________ (blame) for the accident. 4. The window wants/requires/needs _________________ (repair) 5. The book is worth _______________ (read) twice. 小結(jié)：上述情況屬于用動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞的__________形式表__________含義。 注意點(diǎn)：Manager, do you have anything to type? _______________________________________ Manager, do you have anything to be typed? ____________________________________ 考點(diǎn)三： 動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu): It + (be) + adj + for sb. to do It + (be) + adj + of sb. to do 1. Don’t you think it foolish/stupid/silly _________him to believe such a person as him? 2. I consider it unnatural ____________________________a child of her age to say so. 3. I think it would be best _________________________________her to take his advice. 歸納：形容詞說明somebody時(shí)用____________________________ 形容詞說明to do…時(shí)用____________________________ 考點(diǎn)四： 有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別: 1. He regrets ________________ able to watch the volleyball match. (not be) We regret ________________that the film was not worth seeing. (say) 2. I do remember _____ for my extra work, but I’m not sure of the exact number. (pay) Please remember ___________ the letter for me when you pass the post office. (post) 3. She searched the top of the hill and stopped _________________on a big rock. (rest) The bus was so crowded that the driver stopped ____________the passengers. (pick up) 4. I tried ______________________him to stop smoking, but failed. (persuade) Have you tried __________________the problem in a different way? (solve) 5. I’m afraid your suggestion can’t help ____________the service of their shop. (improve) I couldn’t help ______________by the beauty of the West Lake. (strike) 聯(lián)想：像這樣的動(dòng)詞還有哪些? _____________________________________________________ 考點(diǎn)五： 1. We don’t allow _____________here. We don’t allow students _________. (smoke) 2. I advise __________more exercise. I advise her __________more exercise. (take) 總結(jié)： sb+ permit, allow, advise, forbid +________ (do) permit, allow, advise, forbid+sb/sth+___________(do) sb/sth+ be + permitted, allowed, advised, forbidden+ ___________(do) 考點(diǎn)六： 動(dòng)詞的 –ing 和 –ed 形式的區(qū)別： 1.The boy said in a ____________voice that he was _________by the dog. (frighten) 2.The _____________boy made his parents __________a lot. (disappoint) 3.What a ___________poem! The children got deeply _________by it. (move) 4.Your answer to this problem doesn’t seem so ________________. (satisfy) 小結(jié)：v-ing表：___________________ v-ed 表：______________________ 考點(diǎn)七： 非謂語作補(bǔ)語的各種形式， 即 verb + object + (do/ doing/ done,…) 1. I saw the girl crossing the street when I went by the building. 2. I saw the girl ___________ (cross) the street and run away. 3. The missing child was last seen ________________the kite near the river. (fly) 4. I saw them _____________ (seat) in the hall. 小結(jié)：see sb. doing 表：___________________ see sb. do sth. 表：___________________ see sth done 表：______________________ 這類動(dòng)詞有：__________________________________________________________________ Practice: 1. I studied English in prison from a book, but I have never heard a word of it________. (speak) 2. Did you notice a little boy _________from the tree and _________his leg? (fall/hurt) 3. They stood there watching the flag_______________. (raise) 4. We found her greatly _________________ (change). 5. Please keep me ____________ (inform) of the latest development. 6. I discovered Mr. Jack __________ (sit) near the fires, reading a book. 四．非謂語動(dòng)詞的重/難點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)一： 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做主語或賓語: His delaying answering her letter angered her greatly. Do you mind me/ my sitting beside you? Tom’s being murdered shocked all of us. 1.__________________________________（瑪麗考試不及格）made her teacher angry. 2.______________________________(他沒有遵守諾言) disappointed all his classmates. 3.Is there any hope of _________________________________（他會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中成功）? 4.The whole nation was shocked by the news of _____________________(總統(tǒng)被謀殺)。 總結(jié)：動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)只能用_______________________ 作賓語時(shí)既可用___________________, 也可用_______________________.: 難點(diǎn)二： 非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)： 1. Li Ming is said ____________ abroad. Do you know what country he studied in? (study) Li Ming is said _____________abroad. Do you know what country he studies in?(study) 2. _____________the sad news, she burst into tears. (hear) ______________the news several times, he believed it true. (hear) 3.__________________her reply, she decided to write again. (not receive) 4. _______________________(show) around the lab, the visitors were taken to the playground. 小結(jié)：非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)，應(yīng)用_________________________ 難點(diǎn)三： 1. He lifted a stone, only ___________________________his own foot. (hurt) 2. He was always telling lies, thus _______________(lose) all of his friends in the end. 小結(jié)：作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，to do 表：________________ doing 表：____________________ Practice：He escaped from the battlefield only _______________(kill) by the natives. 難點(diǎn)四： 幾種特殊情況: 1. What he wanted to do is ______________(download) some pop songs. 2. He had no choice but_______________( sit) there waiting. 3. He could do nothing except (but)______________( ask) for a lift. 小結(jié)：__________________________________________________________ 難點(diǎn)五： 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時(shí)，如果其邏輯與整個(gè)句子的主語不一致時(shí)，需要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 1. _____________(be) ill, he had to stay at home yesterday. 2. His mother ______________(be) ill, he had to stay at home to look after her. Practice: 1. So many people _______(be) absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 2. All things ___________(consider), her paper is greater value than yours. 3. The dance featured groups of girls, each ________(try) to pick more cotton than the rest 4. The teacher _______________(finish) the lesson, the students left the classroom. 即學(xué)即練： 1. —Who is the man talking to our headmaster? —A professor __________(pay) a visit to our school. 2. The music was so ____________ that the audience were ________ to death. (bore ) 3. ___________________(not have) any food since the night before, she felt very hungry now. 4. Some of the experiments ____________ ( describe ) in the book are easy to perform. 5.___________ (surround) by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender. 6. When he came back after an absence for 20 years, he found his hometown completely ____________ (change). 7. A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus ___________ (result) in an increase in production. 8. __________ (be)a teacher, I should set a good example to students. 9. The hair cream didn’t sell well as _______. (advertise) 10. ____________ (save) time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. 11. The research is so designed that once ___________ (design ), nothing can be done to change it. 12. The woman ____________(operate on) tomorrow was badly hurt in the accident the other day. 13. Passengers are permitted __________ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 14. On hearing a phone call from his wife __________ (say) she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. 15. Recently a survey ____________(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. 非謂語動(dòng)詞高考鏈接 1.(2011全國(guó)卷) The next thing he saw was smoke _____from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 2.(2011全國(guó)卷) The island, _____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 3.(2011全國(guó)卷) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,____ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 4.(2011北京卷) It’s important for the figures _____ regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 5.(2011北京卷) Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _____ on you feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 6.(2011天津卷) Passengers are permitted _____only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried 7.(2011天津卷)______into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 8. (2011上海春招)____in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened 9.(2011上海春招) Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ____as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working 10. (2011山東卷) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path_______ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 11. (2011江蘇卷) Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared 12.(2011福建卷) Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 13.(2011福建卷) The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _____. A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold 14.(2011安徽卷) Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier______into small pieces. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 15. (2011浙江卷) Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _____a life span of around 20 years. A. having B had C. have D. to have 16. (2011浙江卷) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves_____ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 17. (2011浙江卷) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered 18.(2011四川卷) _____an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer 19. (2011重慶卷) More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _________ people’s concern over food safety. A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised 20.(2011重慶卷) Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 21.(2011陜西卷)More highways have been built in China,____ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made 22.(2011湖南卷)The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed 23. (2011湖南卷) Do you wake up every morning _____energetic and ready to start a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 24.(2011遼寧卷)_____ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 25.(2011江西卷) On receiving a phone call from his wife ____ she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 26.(2011遼寧卷) Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ____ to read fast. A. what B. who C. how D. why 27.（2014安徽卷）While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote 28.（2014福建卷） _____ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend 29.（2014福建卷）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected 30.（2014湖南卷）____ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 31.（2014湖南卷） ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing 32.（2014江蘇卷）His lecture_________, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given 33.（2014江西卷）_________nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel . A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent 34.（2014江西卷）He is thought _foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted 35.（2014山東卷）There is a note pinned to the door_______ when the shop will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said 36.（2014山東卷）It’s standard practice for a company like this one_______ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs 37.（2014四川卷）— I hope to take the computer course. — Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website. A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out 38.（2014天津卷）Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written 39.（2014浙江卷 ）Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 40.（2014重慶卷 ）The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _________ to our shop for quality problems. A. turning B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned