高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)講義

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動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容 一. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 　 The earth moves around the sun. 　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 2） 表示格言或警句。 　 Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必?cái)　? Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 3） 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 　 I dont want so much. 　 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 4）在here, there 開(kāi)頭的句子里表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動(dòng)作。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. 5）用于新聞標(biāo)題、體育解說(shuō)詞、舞臺(tái)指導(dǎo)、說(shuō)明等。 China declares manned spaceflight successful. Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine. 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1）在一些虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的運(yùn)用。 It is time you went to bed.　　　 　 Id rather you came tomorrow. I wish I had a better memory. 2）在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 Mother said I couldn’t watch TV before my homework was finished. 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。 　　　Could you lend me your bike? Would you help me? 4) used to do/ would 　　 used to do “過(guò)去常?！?，表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 You used to sleep with the window open, usedn’t/didn’t you? People used to believe that the earth was flat. would只能用于表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，而不能用于表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。 When he was young, he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast. 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 、 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 1）表示臨時(shí)決定在短暫的將來(lái)馬上要做某事，用will ---You haven’t turned off the air-conditioner. ---Sorry. I will turn it off. 2) 表示具有某種功能用will(能，可以) Each bench will seat five persons. The door won’t open. 3）was/were going to do sth. 表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或意圖等。 ---You should have come to the meeting yesterday evening. ---I was going to, but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to send her to hospital. 4）注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were about to do…when… was/were on the point of doing…when… I was about to go to bed/on the point of going to bed when the telephone rang. 5）be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表示計(jì)劃、打算, will表意愿。 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you. 4. 進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1）不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示逐步發(fā)展。 It is getting darker. The wind is rising. 2) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)期正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 They will be waiting for you at the school gate from ten to eleven tomorrow morning. 注意：不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞, 如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. 　　 This house belongs to my sister. 　 2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞, 如：know, realize, think，see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. 　 3）瞬間動(dòng)詞, 如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 　　 I accept your advice. 　 4）系動(dòng)詞, 如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。 　　 You seem a little tired. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 （since的四種用法） 　 1） since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)） 　 I have been here since 1989. 2） since +一段時(shí)間+ ago 　 I have been here since five months ago. 　 3） since +從句 　 Great changes have taken place since you left. 　 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。 He went to Canada in 1989 and has lived there ever since. 　 4）It is / has been +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 　 It is / has been two years since I became a postgraduate student. It is two years since I lived in this town. 6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法 1）以下動(dòng)詞hope, expect, intend, mean, want, think, suppose等，可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本要做某事”， 但結(jié)果未做成，即表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。 I had thought that they would leave for London next Monday. 2）下列動(dòng)詞hope, expect, intend, want, mean(打算，意欲)等,也可接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式以表示原本要 做某事, 但未能做成。 She intended to have helped me, but she was too busy yesterday. =She had intended to help me, but she was too busy yesterday. 注意： 1）was/were to have done sth. 原本打算做某事，但未做成 2) 類似的還有以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Would like/love to have done sth. ---Did you go to see the film “Titanic” yesterday? ---I would like to have (gone to see it), but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to attend her. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1）表示以前一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行。 How long has it been raining? 2) 表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作 We have been seeing quite a lot each other recently. All the years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 3) 用于得出結(jié)論 You look thin and tired. You have been working too hard. 二．動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考，還要注意以下考點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)一：不定式在某些形容詞(easy,hard, difficult, light, heavy, safe, dangerous, comfortable, pleasant)后作狀語(yǔ)且和句子主語(yǔ)(或賓語(yǔ))構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式 表示被動(dòng)含義。 The long essay is too difficult to understand. He found the math problem easy to work out. 考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞say, report, announce, believe, suppose, consider, expect, hope, know等以it作 形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面接that從句。 It is said/reported/announced that our team has won the game. 考點(diǎn)三：make/see/hear sb. do sth.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) → be made/seen/heard to do sth.(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 考點(diǎn)四：sth. need/want/require to be done → sth. need/want/require doing The serious situation needs/wants/requires paying attention to. 考點(diǎn)五：sth. be worthy to be done/of being done → sth. be worth doing The science fiction has a twisted plot and is well worth seeing. 考點(diǎn)六：不定式to blame, to let等表示被動(dòng)含義。 It is not I but he that is to blame. The vacant apartment is to let.