高三英語復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致講義

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主謂一致 一、語法一致原則 1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形 式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 To study English well ______ not easy. What he said ______very important for us all. Reading in the sun ______ bad for your eyes. 歸納：以動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用______形式 注意： What I bought ______ three English books. What I say and do ______ helpful to you. 由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what 從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. The boy and the girl ______ surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he ______ Young Pioneers. 歸納：由連接詞and或both … and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。 注意：The writer and artist ______.（已經(jīng)來了） Every student and every teacher ______ in the room. （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） No boy and no girl ______ （有）it. Many a boy and many a girl _________________.（已經(jīng)讀過這個(gè)故事了） Many a boy _____ active in sports. （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） More than one person _______（ 知道）it. More than two persons _____ involved in this case. （1）若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用_____形式。 （2）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no， each， every， more than a（an） ， many a（an）修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用______形式。 （3）many a + 單數(shù)名詞，謂語為______，more than 接單數(shù)名詞，謂語為______形式，接復(fù)數(shù) 名詞，謂語為_______形式。 3. Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，______ come to China. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） Nobody but Jim and Mike ______ on the playground. （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） She，like you and Tom，______ very tall. 歸納：主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng) 詞仍用______形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用______形式。 4. Each of us ______ a new book. Everything around us ______ matter. 歸納：either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代 詞，都作單數(shù)看待。 注意：（1）在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng) 詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞 是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America./ None of the money is left. 5. He is one of my friends who ______ working hard. He is the only one of my friends who ______ working hard. 歸納：在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that， who， which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中 ______的數(shù)一致。 6. Class Four ______ on the third floor. Class Four ______ unable to agree upon a monitor. 歸納：如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用______；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用______形式。這些詞family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。 注意：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。The police are looking for the lost child. 7. The rest of the lecture ______ wonderful. 50% of the students in our class ______ girls. 歸納：由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或 百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。 注意：a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)； the number of“……的數(shù)量”，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。 8. There ______(come) the bus. On the wall ______many pictures. Such ______（be）the result. Such ______(be) the facts. 歸納：在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與___________一致。 二、邏輯意義一致原則 邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為 復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。 1. 不定代詞all, most, some等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所指代名詞的數(shù)。 Most of the apples ______ rotten.（一般過去時(shí)） Most of the apple ______ eaten by a rat.（一般過去時(shí)） 2. Thirty minutes ______ enough for the work. Ten miles ______ quite a long distance. 歸納：表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用______ 形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。 3. Twelve plus eight ______ twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight ______ seven. 歸納：算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用______形式。 4. 表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5.“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：the rich, the living（活著的人） 6．Whisky and soda ______ always his favourite drink. 歸納：用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，如bread and butter, knife and fork, fish and chips, ham and egg 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用______。 7. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works _________built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study. 8. trousers, glass es, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：My glasses _________broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed ________ his. 三、就近一致原則 在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。 1. Either the teacher or the students ______our friends. Neither they nor he ______ wholly right. ______ neither he nor they wholly right？ 歸納：當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either …… or， neither …… nor， whether …… or ……， not only …… but also連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。 2. There______ two chairs and a desk in the room. Here ______a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 歸納：there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致 注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。 鞏固練習(xí)： 1. I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. The rich ____ not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students. A. are B. am C. is D. was 4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home. A. am B. is C. are D. be 6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters., A. are; are B. am; am C. am; are D. is; is 7. Every boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party. A. wish B. wishes C. is like D. like 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. A. was B. is C. would be D. are 9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world. A. is B. are C. has D. have 10. Every means ____ tried but without any result. A. have been B. is to be C. are to be D. has been 11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon. A. is B. was C. are D. is being 13. The great writer and professor____. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 15. A large number of students in our class____ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be 16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ______much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn’ t change B. dont change C. change D. changed 17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 18. Chairman Mao s works ____ published. A. has been B. have been C. was D. is 19. A chemical works____ built there. A. is to being B. have been C. were to D. has been 20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years. A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five