世紀大學實用英語綜合教程B4-U.ppt

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main,Ⅰ.Objectives,Ⅱ.SuggestedTeachingPlan,Ⅲ.BackgroundInformation,Ⅳ.ClassPresentation,Preview,Preview,ThisistheseventhunitofBookFour.IntheListeningandSpeakingsection,youwilllearnhowtomakedeductionsandinferencesandwilldorelatedpracticalexercises.IntheReadingandWritingsection,theauthorspresentsomescientistsindifferentfields.Thesewonder-workershavechangedtheworldenormously.TextAandTextBtellusthestoriesoftwopioneers—abloodbankpioneerandapioneerinarchitecture.PracticalReadingisasectionaboutelectricityfromatextbookentitledTeachYourselfElectricityandElectronics.,Preview,havemasteredthelanguageofdeductionandinference,andhavereceivedpracticallisteningandspeakingtrainingthroughvariousexercises;haveunderstoodthemainideasofTextAandTextB,andhavemasteredtheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothetexts;knowhowtouseadverbialclausesofresult,purposeandcomparison;,1.2.3.,Ⅰ.Objectives,Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedto,Objectives1,knowhowtowriteanadjustmentletter;readasectionaboutelectricityfromatextbookentitledTeachYourselfElectricityandElectronics;knowhowtounderstandschoolintroductions.,4.5.6.,Objectives2,Ⅱ.SuggestedTeachingPlan,SuggestedTimeandTeachingPlanforUnit7,s.t.p.1,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,TheteacherbeginswiththePreviewtomakesurethatthestudentshavesomeideaofwhatthisunitisallabout.Afterthat,theteacheractivatesListeningandSpeakingexercisesasfollows:,2periods,Preview,s.t.p.2,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,ListeningandSpeaking,TheLanguageofDeductionandInference,A.,Asktheclasstosaywhatevertheycanaboutmakingdeductionsandinferences;,B.,HavethestudentslistentoEx.1(2-3times)andfillintheblankswiththemissingwords;,s.t.p.3,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,C.,D.,Askonestudenttoreadaloudthetalk,sothestudentscanchecktheircompletedanswers;,OrganizeanactivityaroundEx.2,andmakesurestudentsknowhowtomakedeductionsandinferencesusingthelanguagetheyhavejustlearned.,s.t.p.4,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,2)MakingDeductionsandInferences,GothroughthenewwordsandexpressionsfortheconversationinEx.3;,A.,B.,Havethestudentslistentotheconversationtwiceandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords;,s.t.p.5,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,C.,D.,Havethestudentslistentotheconversationagainandaskthemtoanswerthequestionsabouttheconversation;,Nowhavethemidentifythelanguageusedtomakeadeductionoraninference;,E.,Next,askthestudentstorole-playtheconversation.,s.t.p.6,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,3)Follow-upPractice(Options),GothroughthewordsandexpressionsintheadinEx.6andthenhavethestudentsdothequestionexercisesasindicated;Note:Therearemanywaystoexpresssomething.,A.,s.t.p.7,Time,Plan,,,,,B.,C.,ListentotheconversationinEx.7,dothefollowingexercises,andinvitesomestudentstoasktheirquestions.Note:Therearemanywaystoexpresssomething.,ListentotherecordinginEx.8andaskthestudentstorespondbytranslatingtherepliesinChineseintoEnglish.,Contents,s.t.p.8,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,D.,GroupthestudentsinpairsandhavethemdevelopquestionsandanswersbetweenaudienceandspeakerbasedontheshorttalkinEx.4.ThenhavethemdoEx.9andEx.10individuallyastheirhomework.Makesuretoexplaintheseexercisesinadvanceandtopresenttopic-relatedexpressions,s.t.p.9,Time,Plan,,,,ontheblackboard;thesecanbeusedwhenthestudentsprepareoralpresentation.,Contents,,,3periods,ReviewoftheListeningandSpeakingSkillstheStudentsHaveLearned,Theteacherbeginstheassignmentmainlytoreviewthefunctionalandnotionallanguagethestudentspickedupinthepreviousclasses.Theteacherasksoneortwopairsofstudents,s.t.p.10,Time,Plan,,,,Contents,,toactouttheconversationbetweenanorthodontistandateenagecustomer,andtheninvitesseveralstudentstotelltheclasstheirinterpretationsofthepictureinEx.9ortopresenttheiropinionsorallyonthetopicof“WhattheInternetCannotDo.”Afterthat,theteacherturnstotheReadingandWritingsection.,s.t.p.11,Time,Plan,,,,Contents,,(Theseactivitiesshouldbecompletedin15minutes.),,TextA,s.t.p.12,Time,Plan,,,,,B.,A.,Contents,invitessomestudentstorespondtothequestions.(10minutes),2)TextA,Theteacher,asksthestudentstoanswerthetext-relatedquestions,helpsthemidentifythemainideaofeachparagraphandanalyzes,s.t.p.13,Time,Plan,,,,,B.,Contents,thedifficultsentencesandlanguagepointswhilediscussingthewholetextwiththestudents(oneandahalfperiods);,guidesthestudentsthroughtheexercises,focusingoncertainonesandleavingothersasthestudents’homeworkaccordingtothestudents’differentlevelsofEnglish(oneperiod).,s.t.p.14,Time,Plan,,,,,Contents,1period,GrammarReview,1)GrammarReview,Theteachertalksabouttheuseofadverbialclausesofresult,purposeandcomparisonand,atthesametime,asksthestudentstodothegrammarexercisesinclass.,s.t.p.15,Time,Plan,,,,,Contents,PracticalWriting,2)PracticalWriting,TheteacherbothtellsandshowsthestudentshowtowriteanadjustmentletterbydoingEx.12ofPracticalWriting,andthenrequiresthestudentstodoEx.13astheirhomework.,s.t.p.16,Time,Contents,Plan,,,,,2periods,TextB,theinstitutionwasopenedin1829andreorganizedin1855.,BackgroundInformation-McGillUniversity,,BackgroundInformation-RedCross,RedCross,Internationalhumanitarianagencydedicated,intimeofwar,toalleviatingthesufferingsofwoundedsoldiers,civilians,andprisonersofwar.Intimeofpeace,itrendersmedicalaidandotherhelptopeopleafflictedbymajordisasterssuchasfloods,earthquakes,epidemics,andfaminesandperformsotherpublicservicefunctions.,BackgroundInformation-TheSpringarnMedal1,TheSpringarnMedal,GivenbytheNAACP—theNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople（全國有色人種促進會）,theSpringgarnMedalhasrecognizedthehighestachievementbyblackAmericanssince1915.OvertheyearstheSpringarnMedalhascometosignifythehighesthonoravailablefromtheNAACP.AlthoughthesignificanceoftheorganizationdeclinedwiththeculminationoftheCivilRightsMovementinthe1960s,theSpringarnMedalremainsacovetedaward.Pastwinnersincludestatesmen(RalphBunche,MartinLutherKing),musicians,BackgroundInformation-TheSpringarnMedal2,(MarianAnderson,DukeEllington),authors(MayaAngelou,AlexHaley),politicians(BarbaraJordan,AndrewYoung),civilrightsleaders(MedgerEvans,RosaParks),athletes(JackieRobinson,HankAaron),andentertainers(PaulRobeson,BillCosby).,BackgroundInformation–National1,NationalHistoricLandmarks,NationalHistoricLandmarksarenationallysignificanthistoricplacesdesignatedbytheSecretaryoftheInteriorbecausetheypossessexceptionalvalueorqualityinillustratingorinterpretingtheheritageoftheUnitedStates.Today,fewerthan2,500historicplacesbearthisnationaldistinction.Workingwithcitizensthroughout,BackgroundInformation–National2,thenation,theNationalHistoricLandmarksProgramdrawsupontheexpertiseofNationalParkServicestaffwhoworktonominatenewlandmarksandprovideassistancetoexistinglandmarks.Afriendsgroupofownersandmanagers,theNationalHistoricLandmarkStewardsAssociation,alsoworkstopreserve,protectandpromoteNationalHistoricLandmarks.,ClassPresentation.list,Ⅳ.ClassPresentation,Listeningitcanneverreplaceourreality.Wedon’tliveinvirtualreality;thisistherealworld.,Follow-upPractice10,StudentC:StudentD:,Plus,cantheInternettaketheplaceofmeasahumanbeing?Inotherwords,cantheInternettaketheplaceoflifeitself?Noway.Sure,wecancreateanidentityjustaswepleaseontheInternet,butthat’snowherenearlikelivingaspartofnature.TheInternetcanonlybeapartoflife.Soourconclusionhastobe:don’trelyontheInternetforeverything.Berealisticaboutwhatitcandoand/orbe—it’salltooeasytofallintoanInternetaddictionsyndrome.,Readingthenheimmediatelytriedtoforcethethoughtfromhismind.Thequietness,thetiptoeingabout,thewhisperedconversations—itwasallbecomingunbearable—whileupstairshisyoungersisterElsalayillwithinfluenza.2Lessthanaweekaftershebecameill,Elsadied.Thefamilywasgrief-stricken.Fourteen-year-oldCharlesRichardDrewhadhisfirstseriousthoughtsaboutmakingmedicinehislife’scareer.,TextA,TextA1-2,JuliaF.Lieser,CharlesDrew:BloodBankPioneer,?,N,N,3Upuntilthen,sportshadbeenthemotivatingforceinhislife.Hehadwonhisfirstathleticcompetition—aswimmingrace—attheageofeight,andhadparticipatedineverysportopentohimfromthenon.AftertwoyearsofteachinganddirectingathleticsatMorganCollegeinBaltimore,Maryland,heenteredmedicalschoolatMcGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada.4WhileattendingMcGillhebecamegoodfriendswithDr.JohnBeattie,aBritishinstructor.OnedayDr.Beattiedeliveredalectureonbloodstructureandbloodgroups,and,encouragedbyhisinstructor,Drewdecidedtogointobloodresearch.,TextA,TextA3-4,?,N,TextA5,5Whenhereceivedatwo-yearfellowshipinsurgeryatColumbiaPresbyterianHospitalinNewYorkCity,hisspecialprojectwastodeterminehowbloodcouldbepreservedandusedfortransfusion.Hediscoveredthatifbloodwasrefrigeratedatacertaintemperature,immediatelyafterbeingtaken,itcouldbekeptforaslongastwoweeks.Hesubmittedadetailedplanforsettingupabloodbankatthehospital,andmoneywasvotedforafour-monthexperiment.Theprogramstartedwithhisstaffdonatingblood.Volunteerswereencouraged,andallbloodtypeswerekeptonhand.Theprojectbecameapermanentpartofthehospital.,?,N,TextA,6In1940,ColumbiaUniversityawardedDrewhisDoctorofSciencedegree.HisthesisforthedegreesummarizedhisworkatColumbiaPresbyterianHospitalandwastitled“BankedBlood.”,TextA6,?,TextA,7Dr.Drew’sexperimentsshowedthatbloodkeptformorethantwoweeksstartedtodeteriorate,andhewouldnotuseitfortransfusion.Hediscoveredthatplasmacouldbegiventoanypatientregardlessofbloodtype.Soonliveswerebeingsavedinemergenciesbyimmediateinjectionsofplasma.Dr.Drewthenexperimentedwithextractingthewaterfromplasmasothatthedriedplasmacouldbepreservedoveramuchlongerperiodandcouldbeshippedgreaterdistances.Whenneeded,thedriedcrystalscouldbemixedwithwater,muchaswemixsoftdrinksfrompowders.,TextA7,?,N,TextA,TextA,TextA8-9,?,8AtthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ,Dr.Beattie,Drew’sformerinstructoratMcGill,senthimanurgentcablegram.“Couldyousecure5,000ampulesofdriedplasmafortransfusion?”itsaid.“Followthisbyequalquantityinthreetofourweeks.”9Dr.Drewwasstunned.Heknewthattherewasnosuchamountofplasmainthewholeworld.Butheneverhesitated.Heimmediatelysettoworkandorganizedthe“BloodforBritain”campaign.Countlesslivesweresavedbecauseofit.,N,N,TextA,TextA10,10ThefollowingyeartheAmericanRedCrossaskedDr.DrewtosetupabloodprocurementprogramtoaidAmericansoldiersinjuredonthebattlefield.NowDr.Drewfacedanewproblem.SomeAmericansdemandedthatbloodtakenfromblacksbekeptseparateandusedonlyforblacks.WhenacontroversyaroseandjournalistsaskedDr.Drewforastatement,hetoldthemthatnodifferenceinthebloodcouldbediscernedinthelaboratorythatwouldcauseaneedforsuchapractice.,N,N,?,11DrewreceivedtheSpingarnMedalin1943forthe“highestandnoblestachievementbyablackAmericanduringtheprecedingwar.”12InApril1950,Dr.DrewleftWashingtonwiththreeotherdoctorsforaconferenceatTuskegeeInstituteinAlabama.HiscaroverturnednearBurlington,NorthCarolina.Seriouslyinjured,helaybadlyinneedofabloodtransfusionanddiedattheageof45,enroutetoahospital.(635words),TextA11-12,?,TextA,WhatdidCharlieDrewthinkofthehouse?,Itwasasquietasdeath.,TextA1-3_Q1,2)Whywasthehousesoquiet?,BecauseupstairshisyoungersisterElsalayillwithinfluenza.,3)Whywasthefamilygrief-stricken?,Becauselessthanaweekaftershebecameill,Elsadied.,4)WhatcausedDrew’sseriousthoughtsaboutmakingmedicinehislife’scareer?,Hisyoungersister’sdeath.,TextA1-3_Q2,5)Whatdidhewinattheageofeight?,Hewonhisfirstathleticcompetition—aswimmingrace.,6)Whichmedicalschooldidheenteraftertwoyears’teachingofathletics?,HeenteredmedicalschoolatMcGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada.,Dr.JohnBeattie,hisinstructoratMcGill.,7)WhoencouragedDrewtogointobloodresearch?,查爾斯德魯：血庫創(chuàng)始人朱莉婭F利瑟屋子里一片寂靜，死一般的寂靜，查利德魯想；緊接著他就試圖擺脫這種想法。屋子里的這片寂靜，走路時的躡手躡腳，說話時的低聲細語——這一切正變得讓人難以忍受——而在樓上，他的妹妹埃爾莎因患流感正臥病在床。埃爾莎得病后不到一星期就死了，全家人都悲痛欲絕。14歲的查爾斯理查德德魯第一次認真地考慮了要把醫(yī)學作為自己的終身職業(yè)。,ChineseVersion,TextA1-3_T,就讀麥吉爾期間，他和英國籍導師約翰貝蒂博士成了好朋友。有一天,貝蒂博士作了一個關于血液構造與血型的講座。德魯在導師的鼓勵下，決定從事血液研究。在那之前，體育一直是他生活的動力。8歲時他就贏得了他的第一個運動比賽——一次游泳比賽——的勝利；自那以后，對他開放的每項運動他都參加。在馬里蘭州巴爾的摩市摩根學院教了兩年體育后，他進了加拿大蒙特利爾市麥吉爾大學的醫(yī)學院。,ChineseVersion,TextA1-3_T,pioneer/?????????/:n.personwhoexplores,settlesin,anewarea,country,etc.;personwhoexploresnewmethods,ideas,etc.拓荒者；開拓者；先驅者，先鋒；創(chuàng)始人,TextA_1-3_pioneer,earlypioneersinNorthAmerica,北美的早期開拓者,e.g.,apioneerinaviation,航空業(yè)的先驅者,Hisgrandfatherwasoneofthepioneersofheartsurgery.,他的祖父是心臟外科學的先驅之一。,LanguagePoints,JuliaF.Lieser/?????????????????/朱莉婭F利瑟（人名）,TextA_1-3_JuliaF.Lieser,LanguagePoints,Charlie/???????/查利（男子名，Charles的昵稱）,TextA_1-3_Charlie,LanguagePoints,Elsa/?????/埃爾莎（女子名，Elizabeth的昵稱）,TextA_1-3_Elsa,LanguagePoints,Morgan/???????/College摩根學院,TextA_1-3_Morgan,LanguagePoints,McGill/??????/University麥吉爾大學,TextA_1-3_McGill,LanguagePoints,Montreal/????????????/蒙特利爾（加拿大東南部港市）,TextA_1-3_Montreal,LanguagePoints,Asquietasdeath,thoughtCharlieDrew;thenheimmediatelytriedtoforcethethoughtfromhismind.死一般的寂靜，查利?德魯想；緊接著他就試圖擺脫這種想法。Asquietasdeath,thoughtCharlieDrew.=CharlieDrewthoughtitwasasquietasdeath.這是一種修辭性的省略。,TextA_1-3_S_Asquiet…,LanguagePoints,TextA_1-3_tiptoe,tiptoe/???????/n.腳趾尖；腳尖vi.walkquietlyandcarefullyontiptoe踮起腳走,e.g.,Itiptoedpastthesleepingchild.Shetiptoedtothebedwherethechildlayasleep.,孩子睡著了，她踮著腳走到他床前。,我踮著腳從睡著的孩子旁邊走過。,LanguagePoints,lie:vi.tobeorremaininaspecifiedcondition處于…特定的狀態(tài),TextA_1-3_lie,Thedusthaslainundisturbedforyears.,灰塵積在那兒很多年了。,e.g.,Helaysickinbed.,他臥病在床。,LanguagePoints,grief-stricken/?????????????/:a.overcomewithgrief充滿悲傷的，極度悲痛的,TextA_1-3_grief-stricken,Thenewsmadehergrief-stricken.,這消息使她極為傷心。,e.g.,Weweregrief-strickenoverhissuddendeath.,他的突然去世使我們極度悲痛。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_unbearable,unbearable/??????????/:a.thatcannotbetoleratedorendured難以忍受的；不能容忍的,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_influenza,influenza/???????????/:n.infectiousillnessthatcausesfeverandachesinthebody流行性感冒，流感,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_participate,participate/?????????????/:vi.takepart參加，參與,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_S_Fourteen…,Fourteen-year-oldCharlesRichardDrewhadhisfirstseriousthoughtsaboutmakingmedicinehislife’scareer.14歲的查爾斯理查德德魯第一次認真地考慮了要把醫(yī)學作為自己的終身職業(yè)。haveseriousthoughtsaboutdoingsth.意為“認真考慮做某事”。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_upuntilthen,upuntilthen:asfarasthattime直到那時，在那時以前,e.g.,Upuntilthen,Iknewnothingatallaboutit.Upuntilthen,shehadneverlivedalone.,在那之前,她從未獨自生活過。,在那時以前,我對這事一無所知。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_participatein,e.g.,Wewereinvitedtoparticipateinthediscussion.Irefusedtoparticipateintheirquarrel.,我拒絕參加他們的爭吵。,我們被邀請去參加了討論。,LanguagePoints,participatein:takepartin參加，參與,TextA1-3_beopento,beopento:beavailabletoorusedby可供…使用；對…開放,e.g.,Thecompetitionisopentoallstudents.Thisgardenisopentothepublic.,這座花園向公眾開放。,所有的學生都可以參加這項比賽。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_fromthenon,fromthenon:startingthenandcontinuing從那時起,e.g.,Heseemedtohavetakenadisliketoherfromthenon.Historyhadfascinatedhimfromthenon.,從那時起,他就對歷史著了迷。,從那時起,他似乎就開始討厭她了。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_Q,Hisspecialprojectwastodeterminehowbloodcouldbepreservedandusedfortransfusion.,8)WhatwashisspecialprojectatColumbiaPresbyterianHospital?,Hediscoveredthatifbloodwasrefrigeratedatacertaintemperatureimmediatelyafterbeingtaken,itcouldbekeptforaslongastwoweeks.,9)WhatdidhediscoveratColumbiaPresbyterianHospital?,ChineseVersion,在得到紐約市哥倫比亞大學長老會醫(yī)院提供的為期兩年的外科學研究獎學金后，他的專題研究方向為測定如何能保存血液并用于輸血。他發(fā)現，如果血液采集后立即以一定的溫度冷凍，它就能保存兩星期之久。他遞交了一份在醫(yī)院里建立血庫的詳細計劃；院方投票通過了對一項為期四個月的實驗的經費資助。項目啟動時，工作人員紛紛獻血。志愿者受到鼓勵，所有血型都保存?zhèn)溆?。此課題成了該醫(yī)院的一項永久性的工作。,TextA_4-5_T,TextA_4-5_S_Whileattending,WhileattendingMcGill,hebecamegoodfriendswithDr.JohnBeattie,aBritishinstructor.就讀麥吉爾期間，他和英國籍導師約翰貝蒂博士成了好朋友。WhileattendingMcGill,…=WhilehewasattendingMcGill,…在時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等狀語從句中，如主語和主句的主語一致，謂語的一部分是助動詞be，則可省略從句中的主語和be。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_JohnBeattie,JohnBeattie/???????????/約翰貝蒂（人名）,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_S_Hediscovered,Hediscoveredthatifbloodwasrefrigeratedatacertaintemperatureimmediatelyafterbeingtaken,itcouldbekeptforaslongastwoweeks.他發(fā)現，如果血液采集后立即以一定的溫度冷凍，它就能保存兩星期之久。afterbeingtaken=afteritwastaken。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_submit,submit/???????/:(-tt-)vt.give(sth.)(tosb.)sothatitmaybeconsidered,decidedon,etc.(向某人)提交(或呈遞)(某物)以供考慮、裁決等,e.g.,Isubmittedmytestpaperstotheexaminer.Ihopeyoucansubmityourtermpapersbeforethedeadline.,我希望你們能在最后限期之前交上你們的學期論文。,我把試卷交給了主考老師。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_vote,vote/????/1.v.1)formallyexpressanopinionorchoicebyvote投票；選舉；表決,e.g.,Theyvotedyesonthemotion.VoteforJohnson—thepeople’sfriend!,請投約翰遜一票——他是人民之友!,他們對這項動議投了贊成票。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_vote,2.n.選票；投票；選舉；表決,e.g.,secretvoteIgavemyvotetoMr.Smith.,我投了史密斯先生一票。,無記名投票,2)agreetoprovide(money,etc.)astheresultofavote投票通過提供（錢等）,e.g.,ThecommitteevotedtheSportsClubanextra$1,000.,委員會投票通過再撥1000美元給體育俱樂部。,TextA_4-5_onhand,onhand:available,readytobeusedortodosth.ifneeded現有，在手頭，在近處,e.g.,Jimhadnocashonhandtopayforthegas.Alwayshaveyourdictionaryonhandwhenyoustudy.,吉姆手頭沒有現錢付汽油費。,學習時你要一直把字典放在手邊。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_fellowship,fellowship/?????????/:n.positionorstipendofafellowofacollegeoruniversity;awardofmoneytoagraduatestudentinreturnforsometeaching,researchassistance,etc.(大學中)研究員的職位(或薪金)；(大學研究生的)獎學金,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_Presbyterian,Presbyterian/???????????????/a.(ofachurch,esp.ofthenationalChurchofScotland)governedbyelderswhoareallequalinrank(指基督教教會，尤指蘇格蘭國立教會)長老制的n.personwhoisamemberofthePresbyterianChurch長老會教友,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_transfusion,transfusion/????????????/:n.actorprocessofputtingoneperson’sbloodintoanotherperson’sbody輸血,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_refrigerator,refrigerator/??????????????/:n.cabinetorroominwhichfoodiskeptcold冰箱；冷藏室,refrigerate/?????????????/:vt.make(food,etc.)coldinordertofreezeorpreserveit冷凍，冷藏(食物等),LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_Q,HisthesissummarizedhisworkatColumbiaPresbyterianHospitalandwastitled“BankedBlood.”,10)WhatwasDrew’sthesisabout?,TextA_6-7_Q,Hediscoveredthatplasmacouldbegiventoanypatientregardlessofbloodtype.,11)Whatdidhediscoveraboutplasma?,TextA_6-7_T,ChineseVersion,1940年，哥倫比亞大學授予德魯理學博士學位。他的學位論文總結了他在哥大長老會醫(yī)院的工作，題目為《儲存入庫的血液》。,TextA_6-7_T,ChineseVersion,德魯博士的實驗表明，保存期超過兩周的血液即開始變質，而他便不會用它來進行輸血。他發(fā)現不管什么血型的病人都能接受血漿。不久，一些急診病人由于及時輸入了血漿而獲救。接著，德魯博士又做了把水分從血漿中抽掉的實驗，因為干血漿能保存長得多的時間，而且能運送到更遠的地方去。需要時，干血漿晶體可以和水調和在一起，很像我們用飲料粉兌出軟飲料來一樣。,TextA_6-7_summarize,summarize/?????????/:vt.makeasummaryof;sumup概括；總結,Mr.Smithsummarizedthecurrentsituationinafewwords.Jackquicklysummarizedthemainpointsofhisplan.,史密斯先生只用幾句話就概括了當前的形勢。,e.g.,杰克很快地概述了他計劃的要點。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_Columbia,Columbia/?????????/University哥倫比亞大學,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_deteriorate,deteriorate/?????????????/:vi.becomeworseinqualityorcondition惡化，變壞；變質,e.g.,Thenation’shighwaysaredeterioratingatarapidpace.Relationsbetweenthetwocountriesbegantodeterioratelastyear.Hewastakenintohospitallastweekwhenhisconditionsuddenlybegantodeteriorate.,這個國家的公路正在迅速退化。,兩國關系去年開始惡化。,上周他的病情突然開始惡化時，他被送進了醫(yī)院。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_immediate,immediate/????????/:a.doneorneededatonceandwithoutdelay立即的，即刻的,e.g.,Wemusttakeimmediateaction.Mr.Smithmadenoimmediateanswer.,我們必須立即采取行動。,史密斯先生沒有立即回答。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_extract1,extract/?????????/:vt.pullortakeout(sth.)usingcareandsomestrength;obtain(juices,etc.)bycrushing,pressing,etc.拔出；取出；榨出；壓出,e.g.,extractabulletfromawoundextractoilfromsoybeans,將子彈從傷口中取出,從大豆中榨油,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_extract2,e.g.,extractseveralpassagesfromthespeechIhadatoothextractedyesterday.,從演說中摘出幾段話,我昨天拔了一顆牙。,海灣大橋仍然關閉著，因此從舊金山開車到伯克利校園用了一個半小時。,TextA_6-7_sothat,sothat:1.inorderthat以便（從句中通常帶情態(tài)動詞）,e.g.,Istoppedsothatyoucouldcatchup.,我停下來以便你能趕上。,2.withtheresultorconsequencethat因此，所以,e.g.,TheBayBridgewasstillclosedsothatthedrivefromSanFranciscototheBerkeleycampustookanhourandahalf.,LanguagePoints,crystal/???????/:n.水晶；結晶，結晶體,e.g.,anecklaceofcrystalssaltcrystalsThediningtableshonewithsilverandcrystal.,水晶珠項鏈,TextA_6-7_crystal,鹽的結晶體,餐桌上擺的銀餐具和晶質玻璃器皿閃閃發(fā)光。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_mix,mix/????/:vt.put(differentthings)together;combine(differentthings)sothatanewsubstanceisformed;make(sth.)bycombiningthedifferentpartstogether使混合，拌和；調制；配制,e.g.,Oilandwaterdonotmix./Oildoesnotmixwithwater.Mixredandyellowtomakeorange.,油和水不能混合。,把紅色和黃色混合調成橘黃色。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_S_Whenneeded…,Whenneeded,thedriedcrystalscouldbemixedwithwater,muchaswemixsoftdrinksfrompowders.需要時，干血漿晶體可以和水調和在一起，很像我們用飲料粉兌出軟飲料來一樣。Whenneeded,…=Whentheywereneeded,…,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_powder,powder/??????(?)/:n.substanceintheformofacollectionofextremelysmallpieces粉，粉末,e.g.,Theywashedtheirclotheswithsoappowder.Thatpacketofwhitepowderthepolicefoundinhisroomturnedouttobecocaine.,警察在他房間里找到的那包白色粉末原來是可卡因。,他們用肥皂粉洗衣服。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_thesis,thesis/???????/:n.longwrittenessaysubmitte