（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復習 數(shù)詞和代詞講義

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1、數(shù)詞和代詞 學員姓名： 年級：九年級 輔導科目：英 語 學科教師： 授課日期 授課時段 08：00-10:00 授課主題 名詞專項 數(shù)詞專項 教學內容 課前回顧 1. 單詞默寫 2. 作業(yè)講解 知識梳理 知識點1：數(shù)詞 I 數(shù)詞的用法 （一）概說： 英語的數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩大類。基數(shù)詞表示的是人或事物的個數(shù)，而序數(shù)詞表示的是這些數(shù)目的順序。 1．基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞，下面是最常用的基數(shù)詞： 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 tw

2、elve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one(a)

3、hundred 百 1 000 one(a) thousand 千 10 000 ten thousand 萬 100 000 one(a) hundred thousand 十萬 1 000 000 one(a) million 百萬 2．序數(shù)詞：序數(shù)詞表示事物的順序，往往與定冠詞the連用。常用的序數(shù)詞如下： 序數(shù)詞 縮寫 序數(shù)詞 縮寫 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5t

4、h 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th twentieth twenty-first thirtieth thirty-fifth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth 20th 21st 30th 35th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th （二）數(shù)詞的某些用法： 1、表示計量：表示事物的計量，即事物的長度、寬度、深度和高度，應采用基數(shù)詞。 如：It is 50 m

5、etres/kilometers/miles long (wide, deep, high).它有50米/千米/英里長（寬、深、高）。 2、表示編號：編號的數(shù)字如果過小，可用序數(shù)詞或基數(shù)詞表示；如果數(shù)字較大，通常用基數(shù)詞表示。 如：The tenth lesson=Lesson Ten??? 第10課 Room 405?????????????????? 第405號房?????????? Page 215??????????????????? 第215頁 No.14 Middle School????????? 第14中學 Telephone NO.5855806????

6、???? 電話： 5855806 II 數(shù)詞重難點 【重點】 3、表示不確切的數(shù)字：基數(shù)詞后面直接加上復數(shù)名詞表示精確的數(shù)字，而基數(shù)詞復數(shù)形式加上“of” 表示不確切的數(shù)字。 如： five hundred students?????????? 500名學生 two thousand people??????????? 2000人 five dozen pencils????????????? 5打鉛筆 hundreds of students??????????? 幾百名學生 millions of workers???????????? 成千上萬的工人 score

7、s of chairs??????????????? 幾十張椅子 數(shù)詞單位hundred, thousand, million等表示確定數(shù)目時，不用復數(shù)形式。如：five hundred children（五百名兒童）。但這些詞用來表示“數(shù)百，數(shù)千，數(shù)百萬”等不確定數(shù)目時，要用其復數(shù)形式，后面加of，再接名詞。如：hundreds and thousands of stars（成千上萬顆星星）。 注意：1. 在前面有about（大約），more than, over ,several時，一定要用確數(shù)。例如 There are more than 17 million peo

8、ple in Shanghai now. 現(xiàn)今上海有1700多萬人。 2. Two hundred of the students are girls. 確切數(shù)目后加of，表示總數(shù)當中有200個學生是女生。 4、表示年齡和歲數(shù) 1）表示年齡的主要句式如下： He is a boy of 10 yeas old.??????????????????? 他是個10歲的男孩子。 He is 10 yeas old.?????????????????????????? 他10 歲。 At the age of ten, he began to

9、 learn English.????? 他10歲開始學英語。 He is 10(years of age).?????????????????????? 他10 歲。 He is a ten-year-old boy.????????????????????? 他是個10歲的男孩子。 2) 介詞in+ one’s twenties (thirties…) 表示 “在某人20多歲（30多歲……）”。 如：My father is in his fifties.??????? 我爸爸50多歲。 When he was in his forties, he beg

10、an to learn English.??? 當他40多歲時，他開始學英語。 注意區(qū)分：on one’s twentieth birthday on the twentieth floor 【難點】 5、表示年代：表示什么世紀，什么年代時，通常在數(shù)詞后加s或’s，并在年代前加定冠詞the ,如1980’s （20世紀80年代），讀作：nineteen eighties. 如：??His grandfather died in the 1970’s。?????????? 他爺爺死于20世紀70年代。 【重點】 6、表

11、示分數(shù)：分數(shù)的表達方式是：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子是one時，分母不必加s; 分 子大于one時，分母要加s. 如： a(=one) third??? 三分之一??????????? one fifth???? 五分之一 two thirds?????? 三分之二??????????? three fourths???? 四分之三 Two thirds of the trees were cut down the years ago.10年前三分之二的樹木被砍伐了。?? 7、表示百分數(shù)：百分數(shù)的表達方式是：基數(shù)詞+ percent（單數(shù)形式）+of+名詞。 如：T

12、hirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.??? 我班30%的學生來自城市。 About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.??? 大約61%的表面被水覆蓋著。 隨堂練習： I 15年二模 1. More than ten ______ tourists went to see the flower show on that day. A) thousand B) thousands C) thousands of

13、 D) thousand of 2. About two ______ people watch e-sports competitions and cheer on their favorite teams. A) million B) millions C) million of D) millions of 3. He took up learning German in his early __________. A) sixty B) sixtieth C) sixties D) the six

14、ties AAC II 15年一模 1.Here are _________ different methods to help you fall asleep. A. few B. little C. much D. several 2. The topic “Food Safety” receives ____________ Internet hits (點擊) from customers every day. A: thousands B: thousand C: thousand of D: thousands of

15、 3. __________ information comes to the centre from all over the word all the tome. A. Huge amounts of B. Large numbers of C. Many D. A few 4.I hear one-fourth of the books in our school ______ new. Let’s go and borrow some. A) am B) is C) are D) be 5. We are in Junior Three. Every w

16、eekend we have________homework to do. A) many B) quite a few C) huge amounts of D) a great number of 6. Water covers more than________of the Earth's surface. A) three-fourth B) three-four C) three-fourths D) third-fourths DDACCC 知識點2 名詞 一、名詞的分類：名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞。

17、 1、專有名詞：個人，地方,機構等專有名稱，如：China, Shanghai, Li lei等。 2、普通名詞： 1）個體名詞：某類人或東西中的個體，如 fighter, gun, country等。 2）集體名詞：若干個體組成的集合體，如 family, team, police, class等。 3）物質名詞：無法分為個體的實物，如 cotton，tea, air等。 4）抽象名詞：動作, 狀態(tài), 品質, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness等。 二、名詞的數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞都有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分；不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式?！局攸c】 1、規(guī)則的

18、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變化規(guī)則： 1）一般情況加 –s ：books，mouths，houses，girls等。 2）以 s，sh，ch，x結尾的加 –es：classes，boxes，matches等。 3）輔音字母 + y結尾的變 y為 ies：cities，countries，parties，factories等。 4）以 o 結尾的詞 +es：heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes等。 以 o 結尾 +s：radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos等。 5）以f，fe 結尾的多數(shù) +es：leaves，lives，

19、wives，knives，halves，wolves等。 口訣1：+es 妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命， 半(half)片樹葉（leaf）遮目光。 口訣2：+s 海灣邊、屋頂上，首領奴仆兩相望；誰說他們無信仰，證據(jù)寫在手帕上。 gulf，roof， chief， serf， belief， proof，handkerchief，這些名詞變復數(shù)直接加 —s。 注：scarf(圍巾；披風) 可以先改 f 為 ve 再加—s，也可直接加 —s。 直接 + s 的名詞：roofs pr

20、oofs, gulfs, beliefs等。 2、 不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則：【難點】 1）man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice. 2）單復數(shù)相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works. [說明] A. fish如表示不同種類的魚時復數(shù)是fishes： There are many kinds of fishes in

21、 that lake. B. 以man, woman 修飾名詞構成合成詞時,兩個詞都變化. man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students) woman doctor—women doctors. 表示“某國人”——中日不變英法變，其余 —s加后面。 Chinese → Chinese， Japanese →Japanese； Englishman → Englishmen， Englishwoman →

22、Englishwomen， Frenchman → Frenchmen， Frenchwoman →Frenchwomen； American → Americans， Russian →Russians， Arab → Arabs， German → Germans 等。 3、復合名詞的復數(shù)形式: son-in-law---sons-in-law , looker-on—lookers-on, 主體名詞變化 4、字母,阿拉伯數(shù)字的復數(shù)形式一般加 “ ’s ”或 “ s”： There are two l’s in the word “ all

23、”. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. I will not accept your if’s and but’s. 5、物質名詞一般沒有復數(shù)，但如下情況除外： A. 用復數(shù)形式表示不同種類： wheats, fruits, vegetables. B. 表示比原文更廣的詞義： wood—woods, water—waters, sand—sands. 6、定冠詞加姓氏的復數(shù)表示一家

24、人：the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs. 7、集體名詞people, police 總是作復數(shù)： Several police were on duty. 8、集體名詞class, public, family, population, team, crew 等單復數(shù)都有，但意義不同： The class is big.---- The class are taking notes in English. The population in China is larger.---- 80% o

25、f the population in China are peasants. 9、hair 表示總體時是不可數(shù)： His hair is grey 如果表示若干根頭發(fā)可以加復數(shù)詞尾。 He had a few white hairs. 10、以s 結尾的學科名詞只作單數(shù)。mathematics , physics, politics等；news也是如此。 11、glasses， trousers， 等常用復數(shù)；但如果這些詞前用 a pair of …// this pair of…//that pair of…等修飾時謂語

26、動詞有pair 來決定： Where are my glasses ？ My new pair of trousers is too long. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 12、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，如果表示“一個”的概念，可用單位詞： a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal a bottle of ink, a grain of rice ,

27、 a cake of soap 【注意】 a large number of, much, a little 后只能接不可數(shù)名詞； a large amount of ，a great number of ，many，后只能接可數(shù)名詞； some, plenty of, a lot of 后既可以接可數(shù)名詞，也可以接不可數(shù)名詞。 用“數(shù)詞或冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結構來表示，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)，但of后面的名詞只能用單數(shù)。 小練： 1. Mr Smith always has _________to tell us． A．some good

28、pieces of news B． some pieces of good news C．some good piece of newes D．some piece of good newes [答案]A。[解析]考查名詞的數(shù)的掌握。 news意為“消息”，是不可數(shù)名詞，所以C、D兩項可排除。形容詞修飾類似的詞組時，一般放在前面。 2. ——Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well． 一Well，I'd like to try those blue_

29、_________. A．pairs B．one C．pant D．pair [答案]A。[解析]pants要用a pair of來修飾，由those blue確定其后接pairs的復數(shù)形式，故選A。 3. ―Would you like some drinks, boys? ―Yes,????? , please. ???? A. some oranges? B. two boxes of chocolates? C. some cakes? D. two bottles of orange [答案] D [解析]orange是不可數(shù)名

30、詞?？捎谩皵?shù)詞或冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結構來表示它的數(shù)量。量詞（piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等）是可數(shù)名詞，可根據(jù)情況用單數(shù)或復數(shù)，但of后面的名詞只能用單數(shù)。 4. ?????? exciting news! We will have??????? long holiday after the exam.? A. What an, a???? B. What, a????? C. How an, the?????? D. How, the?????????????????????????????? [答案] B。 [

31、解析]news為不可數(shù)名詞，其前面不能用a/an來修飾。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量可借助單位詞組來表示，如a piece of，a cup of ，two glasses of three bottles of，etc。 【重點】 13、中考?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞：information, weather, news, advice, fun等。 [說明]：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間并沒有截然的界限；可數(shù)名詞可以轉變?yōu)椴豢? 數(shù)名詞 ，同樣不可數(shù)名詞也可以轉變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，要看清整個上下文的具體內容。 三、名詞的所有格： 1、's 所有格： 1）構成：

32、 A. 一般詞尾+ ’s.：the teacher’s office, Xiao Li’s sister’s husband’s mother. B. 以 s 結尾的復數(shù)名詞只+“’ ”： workers’ rest room. C. 不以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞加’s： children’s toys. D. 表示共同所有的幾個名詞，只在最后一個詞的后面加’s： This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. E. 表示各個所有

33、關系的幾個名詞，在每個名詞后分別加’s： Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face to the south. 2、of所有格： 1）凡不能用’s 屬格的情況可用 of 屬格表示所屬關系： the City of New York. a map of China. 2）下列情況通常要用of 屬格： A. 當名詞有較長的定語時： the name of the girl standing at the g

34、ate. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday. 【難點】 3、雙重所有格： 當of前面的名詞有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修飾時，用雙重 所有格，雙重所有格只用于表示人的名詞并且都是特指的： a poem of

35、Lu Xun’s . a friend of his/hers . Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ? some friends of my brothers’ . 4、幾種特殊情況： the key to the door. answers to the question the entrance to the station / cinema tickets for the film / movie

36、 a check for $1500. 【鞏固練習】 1. Learning English is a difficult but happy ______. A) program B) progress C) process D) problem 2. I think you can get much ______ about the culture of Japan after reading this book. A) conclusion B) information C) soluti

37、on D) suggestion 3. As a journalist, Black needs to communicate with many ______ every week. A) inventor B) writer C) lawyer D) people 4. As a good writer, I need to collect more _____to keep the story interesting. A) markets B) materials C)mistak

38、es D)matches 5. There are too many ______ of fantastic hotels online. It’s really hard to decide. A) news B) choices C) politics D) manners CBDBB 6. I can’t find many ______ about air pollution in our school library. A) books B) information C) report D) news 7. There is no

39、 enough______ in the corner to put the round table. A) floor B) ground C) place D) room 3. 8. During he stay in America, he gained much _____ of local customs and cultures. A. advice B. knowledge C. idea D. message ADB 9. My grandfather makes a living by raising _______ to produce

40、wool.（寶山） A) sheep B) sheeps C) many sheeps D) much sheep 10. Some students were too busy preparing for their tests to get enough ________.（黃浦） A) sleep B) friend C) hobby D) activity 11.The boss asked the manager how many _______ he would need to finish the project.（青浦） A)pe

41、ople B)time C)money D)food AAA 12. We haven't got much for our picnic. Will you go and get some? A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit 13.I’ve read_____ sports news about the Fl race today. A two B pieces C two piece D two p

42、ieces of 14. Linda, I've bought many . Now let's make the birthday cake. A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D rice dumplings 15. You can get much ____________ about the World Expo o

43、n the Internet. A) map B) picture C) ticket D) information CDAD 知識點3 閱讀專項訓練 IX. Reading Comprehension (閱讀理解)：(共50分) A. Choose the best answer (根據(jù)文章內容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?：(12分) During all this time, I never stopped thinking about escape. When I traveled across to the other side of the island

44、, I could see the other islands, and I said to myself, "Perhaps I can get there with a boat. Perhaps I can get back to England one day." So I decided to make myself a boat. I cut down a big tree, and then began to make a long hole in it. It was hard work, but about six months later, I had a very f

45、ine canoe (獨木舟). Next, I had to get it down to the sea. How silly I was! Why didn't I think carefully before I began to work? Of course, the canoe was too heavy. I couldn't move it! I pulled and pushed and tried everything; but it didn't move. I was very unhappy for a long time after that. In my si

46、xth year on the island, I did make myself a smaller canoe, but I did not try to escape in it. The boat Was too small for a long journey, and I did not want to die at sea. The island was my home now, and I was just happy to be alive. A year or two later, I made myself a second canoe on the other side

47、 of the island. I also built myself a second house there, and so I had two homes. I kept food and tools at both of my houses, and also wild goats. There were many goats on the island, and I made fields with high fences to keep them in. They learnt to take food from me, and soon I had goats' milk to

48、 drink every day. I also worked hard in my corn fields. And so, many years went by. 69. We can infer (推斷) from the first paragraph that the writer ______. A) was probably from England B) lived happily on the island C) lost his way on the island D) was born on the islan

49、d 70. It took the writer ______ to make the first canoe. A) many years B) about six months C) a year or two D) about six years 71. The writer was very unhappy because ______. A) he had cut down a small tree B) he had a very fine cano

50、e C) he couldn't move the canoe D) he had made a small canoe 72. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A) The writer made himself a smaller canoe in his sixth year on the island. B) The writer made fields with high fences to keep many wild go

51、ats in. C) The writer didn't try to escape because he had two homes on the island. D) The writer knew the canoe was too small for a long journey across the sea. 73. This story is mainly about how the writer ______. A) kept goats in the fields B) escaped from the island

52、C) built houses by himself D) survived on the island 74. This story is probably a part of a(n) ______. A) novel B) advertisement C) travel guide D) telephone message 69. A 70. B 71. C 72. C 73. D 74. A 奉賢區(qū) IX. Reading Comprehension (閱讀理解)：(共50分) A.

53、Choose the best answer (根據(jù)文章內容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?：(12分) Sweaty palms, shaking hands and a racing heart! This is what many students experience when they take a big test. When anxiety (焦慮) kicks in, students can completely lose concentration, leading to poor scores. But is there any solution to such stress?

54、 The key to reducing test anxiety is writing. According to a recent report in the journal Science, taking a few minutes before an exam to write about all those fears could help students perform better. The study was conducted by Professor Sian L. Beilock, from the University of Chicago, and

55、his graduate student Gerardo Ramirez. First, the researchers asked 20 college students to take a maths test to get a base-lined score. Next, they told the students that they could get a monetary award if they got a good score, and that they were being videotaped. Before beginning the main

56、test, the researchers asked one group of students to spend 10 minutes writing down their anxieties about the test, while the other group sat quietly. Both groups then took the same exam. The researchers found that students who sat quietly did 12% worse than they had on the pre-test, and the ones

57、 who wrote about their anxieties improved their scores by 5%. Writing enables students to feel refreshed when facing challenging questions on the examination. However, experts also warn that such a change will not cause students to become any smarter. It can only make them become more relaxed an

58、d focused. 69. According to the writer, when people feel anxious, they may ______. A) drink a lot of water B) have a heart attack C) kick their feet D) lose concentration 70. The best way to reduce test anxiety is ______. A) to sit quietly

59、 B) to write about your fears C) to cool your palms D) to study hard 71. The study was conducted by ______. A) Professor Sian L. Beilock alone B) Professor Sian L. Beilock and his wife C) Professor Sian L. Beilock and his graduate student D

60、) Professor Sian L. Beilock and his teammate 72. From the experiment, we learn that ______. A) the two student groups took different tests B) they could earn money if they did well C) they needed to finish the test within 10 minutes D) they were asked to relax before the test 73. S

61、tudents who sat quietly before the test ______ than they had on the pre-test. A) did 5% better B) did 12% better C) did 5% worse D) did 12% worse 74. The result of the research has proved that ______. A) writing before a test can make you smarter B) you can become relaxed by wr

62、iting before a test C) the two student groups both did well in the exam D) students dislike challenging questions on the examination 69. D 70. B 71. C 72. B 73. D 74. B 歸納總結 1. 總結名詞重難點與常考點： 課后作業(yè) 1. 整理 錯題 2. 回家作業(yè) I 基礎（1） 1. Most of Frank’s books, usually with___

63、___ pictures in each book, are for young children. A)hundred B)hundreds C)hundred of D)hundreds of 2. ________of the earth is covered with water. A) two-three B) two-third C) two-thirds D) second-three 3. My family are going to have a party to celebrate my grandpa’s

64、____ birthday. A) ninety B) nineties C) ninetieth D) ninetieths 4.Tony’s mum looks young and beautiful. It’s hard to imagine she is already in her ________. A) fifties B) fifty C) fiftieths D) fiftieth 5. Today, I have downloaded _______ useful information on t

65、he Internet. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of 6. Linda’s parents gave her ________ advice on how to make friends with other. A) a great many B) huge amounts of C) a large number of D) too many 7. Tu Yoyo was awarded the Nobel Prize in h

66、er ________. A. eighties B. eighty C. eightieth D. eightieths 8. The party planner prepared _______games for the gusts to enjoy themselves at the party. A) a large sum of B) a huge amount of C) a great number of D) a great deal of DCCA D BA C II 基礎題（2） 1. Uncle Tom raises many on his farm and we often go there for a visit. A) sheep B) horse C) pig D) bird 2. David made great __________ with the help of his group members. A. difference