（通用版）2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 句子類型講義

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1、句子類型 學(xué)員姓名： 年 級(jí)： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語(yǔ) 學(xué)科教師： 授課日期 授課時(shí)段 授課主題 句子類型 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 課前回顧： 1． 檢查作業(yè)，錯(cuò)題講解（錯(cuò)題本） 2． 復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課知識(shí)點(diǎn)（筆記本） 3. 詞匯短語(yǔ)默寫(xiě) 知識(shí)梳理 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：陳述句 1. 陳述句： 　　?陳述句是用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說(shuō)話人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號(hào)“.” 　　 Tom has a new car. 　　 The flower isn’t beautiful. 2. 陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成 　

2、　(1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be，則只需在這些動(dòng)詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。 ???????? He is playing the guitar.（肯定） ???????? He is not playing the guitar.（否定） ???????? We can get there before dark.（肯定） ???????? We can’t get thee before dark.（否定） 　　(2) 如果陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而其中又沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加don’t, doesn’t

3、或didn’t。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍? ???????? He plays the violin well.（肯定） ???????? He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定） ???????? She won the game.（肯定） ???????? She didn’t win the game.（否定） (3) 如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。例如： There is some water in the cup. →There

4、 is not any water in the cup. He has some books. →He has not any books. (4) 除not以外，否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：祈使句 ?????

5、祈使句是用來(lái)表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、號(hào)召等的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)“！”或句號(hào)“.”。朗讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。 1. 肯定的祈使句： （1）祈使句主語(yǔ)是you時(shí)，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)可以有主語(yǔ)或稱呼語(yǔ)。 ????????? Be quiet. ????????? You be quiet! （2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 ????????? Do come back at once! ????????? Do be careful. （3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，但please

6、用在句末時(shí)，必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分分開(kāi)。 ???????? Open the window, please. （4）Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時(shí)，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語(yǔ)，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。 ???????? Let Jack wait a minute. ???????? Let’s go to school. （5）在祈使句中，Let’s和 Let us是有區(qū)別的。Let’s包括說(shuō)話者，而Let us不包括聽(tīng)話者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)從反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)可明顯看出。 ??????? Let’s go skating, shall we?（表示內(nèi)部的建議） ????????Let us t

7、ry again, will you?（表示向別人發(fā)出請(qǐng)求） ?2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never開(kāi)頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“Don’t(Never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分” 例如： ???? Don’t do that again! ???? Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! ???? Don’t be late next time! 知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：疑問(wèn)句 1. 一般疑問(wèn)句： ?? （1）一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定形式 ???????????? 一般疑問(wèn)句一般是指以助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或have（有）開(kāi)始，通常要求以yes，或no

8、來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句，一般疑問(wèn)句讀時(shí)通常用升調(diào)。 ???????? Do you know Mr. Smith? ???????? Can you swim? ?? （2）一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu) ??????? ① 在一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)之后。但如果用not的簡(jiǎn)略形式-n’t，則須將-n’t與一般疑問(wèn)句句首的be, have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞寫(xiě)在一起。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，一般都采用簡(jiǎn)略式。 ???????? Are you not a football fan? ???????? Aren’t you a football fan? ???????? W

9、ill she not like it? ???????? Won’t she like it? ??????? ② 與漢語(yǔ)不同的是，英語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語(yǔ)是否定還是肯定，全由答語(yǔ)的否定或肯定來(lái)決定。若答語(yǔ)是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語(yǔ)是否定的，則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 ?????????? Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷嗎？ Yes, I am. No, I am not. ?????????? Won’t she like it? ????????? Yes, she will. 　??????? N

10、o, she won’t. 2. 選擇疑問(wèn)句： ??????? 選擇疑問(wèn)句是說(shuō)話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對(duì)方選擇回答的疑問(wèn)句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。 ??????? 選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。 ??????? Is your bag yellow or black?? It’s black.。 ??????? Would you like some tea or coffee?? Either will do.。 ??????? Which do you like

11、better, singing or dancing??? I like dancing better. 3. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語(yǔ)序，但如果主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞或由疑問(wèn)代詞修飾時(shí)，用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no回答，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。例如： Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing? What time do you get up every morning? What must I do now? 常用的特殊疑問(wèn)句 詢問(wèn)內(nèi)容 疑問(wèn)詞或

12、句型 例??? 句 回?? 答 職業(yè)，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或關(guān)系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack. He is my brother 相貌特征 what…lke? What is she like? What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 what…for? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原

13、因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天氣 ?how ?what…like? How is the weather toay? What is the weater like today? It’s fine. 顏色 what color…？ What dolor is her skirt? It’s red. 服裝尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wears 40. 幾點(diǎn)鐘 wh

14、at time What time is it? It’s 7:30. 星期幾 what day What day is today? It’s Tuesdy. 幾號(hào)，日期 what is te date…? What is the date today? It’s May 2. 年齡（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 長(zhǎng)度（多長(zhǎng)） how

15、long How long is the bridge? It’s 500 metres. 距離（多遠(yuǎn)） how far How far is t from here to the zoo? It’s 6 kilometres. 頻度 （多經(jīng)常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 時(shí)間經(jīng)過(guò) （多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 數(shù)量 （多少） how many（可數(shù)名詞） how much（

16、不可數(shù)名詞） How many jackets doyou have? How much cofee do you want? Three. Two cups. 價(jià)格 how much How much is it? How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度 （多高） how tall（人，樹(shù)） how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she? How high is the tower? She’s 1.73 metres. It’s 450 metres. 鞏固練習(xí) I.

17、單項(xiàng)填空 ? 1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop? ??? ---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. ??? A. how? B. what? C. where? D. who ? 2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower? ??? ---About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go

18、 and visit it? ??? A. How long? B. How often? C. How far? D. How much ? 3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______? ??? ---No. She got up too late. ??? A. had she? B. hadn’t she? C. did she? D. didn’t she ? 4. ---The room is so dir

19、ty. ______ we clean it? ??? ---Of course. ??? A. Will? B. Would? C. Do? D. Shall ? 5. ---__________, sir? ??? ---Size 41, I think ??? A. What size do you need? B. What can I do for you ??? C. How do you like this shirt? D. What’s th

20、e matter with you ? 6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk? ??? A. What? B. How? C. What a? D. How a ? 7. ---It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it? ??? ---Just to Shanghai. ??? A. How much? B. How long? C. How soon?

21、 D. How far ? 8. ---_______ to the United States? ??? ---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. ??? A. Have you been???? B. Have you gone C. Did you go??????? D. Will you go ? 9. ---_______ were you away from school last year? ??? ---About two weeks. ??? A. How often?

22、 B. How soon? C. How long? D. When ? 10. ---______ do you want? ???? ---I want a CD of popular songs. ???? A. Which CD?????????? B. How many CDs C. What CD??????????? D. How much ? 11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor? ???? A. What?

23、 B. Which? C. Who? D. whose ? 12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim? ???? ---She is much better. ???? A. How? B. What? C. Where? D. How old ? 13. ---______he ______ at this school last term? ???? ---Yes, I think so. ???? A.

24、 Did…study????? B. Does…study C. Was…study????? D. Did…studied ? 14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English? ???? ---Three years ago. ???? A. When? B. Why? C. Where? D. What ? 15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend? ???? ---On

25、ce a week. ???? A. How long? B. How soon? C. How far? D. How often ? 16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them? ???? A. How?? B. What? C. What a? D. How a ? 17. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day

26、, _______? ???? A. is he? B. isn’t he? C. has he? D. hasn’t he ? 18.? ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green. ???? A. Not? B. Won’t? C. Don’t? D. Doesn’t ? 19. He found nothing in the room, _________?

27、 ???? A. doesn’t he????????? B. does he C. didn’t he?????????? D. did he ? 20. You haven’t changed your mind, ________? ???? A. do you???????????? B. are you C. have you?????????? D. did you 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A

28、12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換（按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子） 1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改為否定句) ? Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday. 2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句) ? ________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day? 3. Allan

29、 will go back to England by plane next month. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ? ________ _______ Allan go back to England next month? 4. There are some apples on the table. (改為否定句) ? There _______ _______ apples on the table. 5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ? _______ ______ she tell you the

30、 news? 6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改寫(xiě)為否定句) ? Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things. 7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句) ? ________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday? 8. Our city is very beautiful. (改為感嘆句) ? _______ _______ our city is! 9. He has

31、 worked in this school for five years. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ? _______ _______ has he worked in this school? 10. Both of them are my best friends. (改為否定句) ?? _______ of them _______ my best friend. 11. They are happy to see each other. (改為感嘆句) ?? _______ ______ they are to see each other! 12. The exam beg

32、ins at nine. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句) ?? ________ the exam _______ at nine? 13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ?? ______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon? 14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改為反意疑問(wèn)句) ?? He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______? 15. She doesn’t

33、think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑問(wèn)句) ?? She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______? 16. He’s put the tree in the hole? (改為一般疑問(wèn)句) ?? ______ he ______ the tree in the hole? 17. How useful the book is! (改為陳述句) ?? It is ______ ______ useful book. 18. The population of Aust

34、ralia is about 19,500,000. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ?? _______ ______ population of Australia? 19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ?? _______ ______ will the meeting start? 20. Don’t tell him to come to my office. (改為肯定的祈使句) ? ______ ______ to come to my office. 1. didn’t buy 2.Does; do 3.

35、How will 4.aren’t any 5.When will 6.doesn’t like 7.Did; return 8.How beautiful 9.How long 10.Neither; is 11. How happy 12.Does; begin 13.What was; doing 14.did he 15. does she 16.Has; put 17.such a 18.What’s the 19.How soon 20.Tell him 歸納總結(jié) 1. 陳述句 2. 祈使句 3. 疑問(wèn)句 課后復(fù)習(xí) 1.錯(cuò)題整理 整理5道錯(cuò)題 2.回家作業(yè) 10