高三英語高頻短語句型分類歸納總結(jié).doc

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2013高考英語二輪專題復習精品學案 高中英語常用短語及句型歸納 1．高考高頻動詞短語 （1）act短語： act as 擔任……職務(wù)，起……作用 act for 代理（某人職務(wù)），代為（處理某事） act out 表演（對話、故事等） act up 搗亂，出毛病 例如： I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布萊克先生代那個老人處理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. （2）break短語： break away 擺脫，脫離 break away from … 脫離……，奮力掙脫…… break down 出故障，壞掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打斷，插話，闖入，強行進入 break into … 闖入……，破門而入 break (sth) off （使某物）折斷，中斷某事物，突然停止 break out （戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā) break out in tears 突然大哭 break the rule 違反規(guī)定 break through 突圍，沖跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎開 例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. （3）bring短語： bring about 引起，導致，使發(fā)生 bring along 把……帶來，領(lǐng)來 bring back 拿回來，使恢復 bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生動/活潑，使……蘇醒 （比較：sth / sb come back to life 復蘇，蘇醒） bring down 使……降低，減少，使……倒下，使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降價／提價 [比較：(the price ) go down / up 價格下降 /上漲] bring in 引進（技術(shù)），賺錢，帶來（收入），吸收 bring on 發(fā)展，引起，導致，使前進 bring out 拿出，出版，生產(chǎn)，揭露，闡明，使表現(xiàn)出 bring to 使蘇醒 bring … to use = put …to use 對……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect 實施……（比較：sth come / go into effect 開始實施） bring up 撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)，哺育 例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests. You’re welcome to bring along a friend. The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation (通貨膨脹). American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year. This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s. Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses. Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles. He was brought up by his grandparents. （4）call短語： call at (sp) 訪問（某地），拜訪（某地） [比較：call on (sb) 拜訪（某人），訪問（某人）] call back 回電話 call for 提倡，號召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人 call / shout for help 呼救 call in 請來，召集，來訪，打電話 call off 取消 call on / upon 號召 call out 大聲呼喊，叫喊 call sb…for short 簡稱某人…… call sb names 謾罵某人 call up 給……打電話，使人想起，號召 例如： We called at Mike’s house yesterday. All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English. I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station. Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl. Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle. I shall call on him tomorrow. I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs. Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291. Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago. Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off. （5）come短語： come about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 come across 偶然相遇 come along 來，隨同，進展，加油 come at … 向……襲擊 come back 回來，想起來，復活 come down 下來，下落，傳下 come down to… 到達，從一處來到另一處 come for… 來拿，來取 come from… 來自，出生于 come in 進來，進入 come into being 形成，產(chǎn)生 come into use 使用起來 come off 脫落，從……離開 come on 過來，跟我來，加油，來吧，趕快 come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇見，偶然碰上，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) come out 露出，出來，出現(xiàn)，出版，發(fā)（芽），（花）開 come over to… 過來，順便來訪，從一個地方來到另一個地方 come round / around （非正式）來訪，串門 come to … 來到，出現(xiàn)，提及，達到，共計，結(jié)果是，蘇醒 come to an end 結(jié)束，終止 come to know 逐漸地知道 come to life （變得）活潑，蘇醒過來 come to light 顯露，為人所知 come to oneself 蘇醒過來，恢復知覺 come to / into power 當權(quán)，上臺 come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受 come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實，成為事實 come up 被提出，上來，走來，上升，抬頭，長出來 come up to sb 朝某人走來 come up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），趕上 例如： A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report. I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day. Your English is coming along really well. Come along / on! Don’t give up yet! Come along / on! We’re all waiting for you! Suddenly, he came at me with a knife. Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago. It is impossible for a dead animal to come back. Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window. The airplane came down in that field. Where does the film star come from, do you know? Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand). The law first came into being in 1912. By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy. How long is it since the electronic computer came into use? The button came off, but he didn’t notice it. There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day. The trees turn green and flowers come out. This magazine comes out once a month. Why don’t you come around / round for lunch? Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made. If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned. I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later. The bill came to 480 in total. His dream of becoming a film star came true at last. A child came up to me and showed me the way. The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday. They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday. Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for. （6）cut短語： cut away 切除，剪去 cut down 砍倒，砍下，削減 cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插隊 cut … into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成兩半 cut off 切斷（線路），中斷（供應(yīng)） cut out 刪除，剪下來 cut the cost of … 降低……的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齊根切掉 例如： He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful. A lot of trees there were cut down in the past. The electricity was cut off because of the storm. He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day. Could you cut the pizza up, please? （7）do短語： do about 處理，應(yīng)付 do and don’t 要與不要 do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路 do a test 做實驗，做化驗 do a word puzzle 猜字謎 do an experiment / experiments 做實驗 do away with 廢除 do body-building 做健身操 do chores 處理瑣事，干家務(wù) do housework 做家務(wù)活 do make-up 化妝，打扮 do observations 觀察 do one’s best 盡某人最大努力 do one’s homework 做作業(yè) do research on… 從事……研究工作 do sb a favour 幫某人一個忙 do sb honor = do honor to sb 禮遇某人，對某人表示敬意 do sb the favour to do sth 幫某人一個忙做某事 do some reading 讀書，閱讀，看點書 do some shopping = go shopping 購物，買東西 do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 進行體育運動，做運動，進行鍛煉 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 輪流做某事 do telephone interviews 進行電話采訪 do the laundry 洗衣服 do up 打扮，梳妝，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋帶/梳好頭 do up the button 扣紐扣 do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好 do with 處理，處置，對付 do wrong 做壞事，做錯事（比較：do right = do the right thing 做得對） 例如： To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him. I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on. What did you do with that camera you found? The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us. Eat more fruit; it will do good to you. I think I can do better in English this year than last year. Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” I’m going to do my best this year. I was only trying to do a good deed. （8）get短語： get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中國 get a full mark / full marks 得滿分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到滿足 get at 意指，本意是 get around = get about 四處走動，活動 get away 移走，拿走，逃脫，逃離 get away from 逃脫，逃離 get back 回來，回家，取回，找回，退還 get close to 接近 get down 下來，降下 get down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 開始（做）某事） get in 進入，收獲，達到 get in a word 插話 get into… 進入…… get sb into… 使某人陷入 get it 接（電話），應(yīng)（門），理解，懂得 get off 下車，脫下（衣服等） get on 上車，過活 get on / along with… 進展，與……相處 get on one’s feet （艱難地）站立起來 get out 離開，出去 get out of 逃避，避免 get over 克服，恢復，原諒 get up 起床，起身 get across 理解，度過 get through 接通（電話），完成（工作），通過（考試） get to 到達，抵達 get to sleep 入睡，設(shè)法睡著 get / gain / take possession of 占有，擁有，占領(lǐng) get ready for 為……做準備 （比較：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 為……做好了準備） get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 讓某人做 get the idea for… 想到……的主意 get the message across 傳播信息 get together 相聚，碰頭，聯(lián)歡 get / be used to sth 習慣于……，適應(yīng)于…… （比較：be used as sth 被用作…… be used for sth 被用于……，用來做…… be used to do sth 被用于做…… used to do sth 過去常常做） get / be dressed 穿衣服 get / be engaged (to sb) （與某人）訂婚 get / be lost 丟失了，迷路 get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （與某人）結(jié)婚 get / be stuck 陷進去，被困住，被難住，遇到困難 get / be tired of 對……感到厭倦，對……失去興趣 （比較：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦） 例如： I’m getting on well with my classmates now. How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her. The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away. When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes. This mistake may get him into difficulties. Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits. If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine. The conductor got off and checked the rails. She got on her bicycle and cycled off. You work too hard! You should get out a bit more. If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket. We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海關(guān)). I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him. She felt so cold that she got close to her mother. It’s time we got down to work. The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in. The peasants are busy getting in the crops. We didn’t get up until lunch time. He got up and walked over to the window. （9）give短語： give away 贈送，給予，背棄，泄露，分發(fā) give back 歸還，送回 give in 投降，讓步，屈服 give off 釋放，發(fā)出，放出 (煙、光、熱等) give out 用完，耗盡，分發(fā)，發(fā)放 give over = hand over 轉(zhuǎn)交，移交 give up 放棄，辭去 give a concert 開音樂會 give a description of… 描述…… give / make a speech 演講，講話 give a talk 演講，做報告 give birth to 生嬰兒，生產(chǎn)，造成 give close attention to 密切關(guān)注 give medical care to sb 對某人進行治療 give shade in summer 夏天時遮陽 give / lend sb a hand 給某人幫助 give sb a message = give a message to sb 給某人捎個口信 give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warm welcome 熱烈歡迎某人 give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建議/忠告 例如： In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend. Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret. Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in. If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases. When they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out. Our English teacher is giving out the test papers. Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped. Mary had to give up her job after her marriage. Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon. Could you give us some advice on reading? If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back. （10）go短語： go abroad 出國 go about 四處走走，開始做，著手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜訪 go against 違反，違背 go ahead 說吧，干吧，領(lǐng)先，走在前面 go / walk around 四處走走 go away 走開，離去 go back 回去 go beyond 超越 go by 走過，經(jīng)過，（時間）消逝，過去 go down 下來，落下，倒下 go down on one’s knees 跪下 go for 為……去，努力獲取，主張，適用于 go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行 go for a job interview 去面試找工作 go for a walk / walks 散步 go for sb 對某人也一樣 go in for 參加，喜歡 go into 詳細調(diào)查 go into details 細說 go off 走開，離去，（鬧鐘）鬧響 go off to = be off to = leave for 動身去 go off the air 停止廣播（比較：go on the air 開始廣播） go on 發(fā)生，進行，繼續(xù) go / be on diet 在節(jié)食 go on (a) holiday 去度假 go on a tour to 去……觀光（游覽） go on a visit to 去……訪問（參觀） go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（同一事） [比較：go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事（另一事） go on with sth 繼續(xù)某事] go out 熄滅，出去 ，外出 go over 復習，過一遍，仔細檢查，審閱 go past 從……的旁邊過去 go up 上升，上漲，增長，攀登 go with… 與……相配 go without 忍受沒有……之苦，沒有……也行，沒有……也能勉強應(yīng)付 go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去購物/釣魚/駕船航行/宿營/滑冰 go straight along 沿著……一直往前走 go through 通過，經(jīng)受，瀏覽，仔細檢查 go through with 完成 go to bed （上床）睡覺 go to school / work 上學/上班 go to sea 當水手 go to sleep 入睡 go to town 進城 go to a movie 去看電影 go to the country(side) 下鄉(xiāng) go home / there 回家/去那兒 go to see a doctor 去看病，去看醫(yī)生 go bad 變壞 go wrong 出毛病，不對頭，做錯事，誤入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帳，平攤費用 例如： No one dared to go against the rules. —Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? —No, go ahead. I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong. I’m afraid the fish has gone bad. Things will get easier as time goes by. He went by quickly, taking no notice of us. If you really want the job, go for it! Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows. I go in for all the competitions. After a short pause, Maria went on with her story. Suddenly the candle went out. Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say. Let’s go over what we learned last period. Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million. It is possible to go without food for a few days. Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired. （11）have短語： have a break 休息一下 have a bright future 有一個燦爛的未來 have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/頭疼/發(fā)燒 have a conversation with sb 與某人交談 [比較：have a dialogue with sb 與某人對話 have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）與某人進行交流 have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人談幾句，跟某人說句話] have a gift for… 對……有天賦（比較：have a reputation for… 有……名譽/名聲） have a good flight （坐飛機）旅途愉快 have a good knowledge of … 對……很熟悉，通曉…… have a good laugh over… 對……笑了個夠 have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高興，過得愉快 have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of… 有……的習慣 （比較：get into / form the habit of… 養(yǎng)成……的習慣 get sb into the habit of… 使某人養(yǎng)成……的習慣） have a hit 風靡一時 have a large population 人口眾多 have / take a look 看一看 have a meeting / party 開會/舉行晚會 have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快 have (got ) a pain (in the…) （身體某部位）痛 have a part-time job 做兼職工作 have a (good) rest 休息 have / take a seat 坐下（比較：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位） have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜歡吃甜食 have a swim 游泳 have a table tennis match 舉行一場乒乓球比賽 have a test 進行測驗 have a try 試一試 have / show an appetite for… 有……的欲望或愛好 have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有預約, 和某人有約定 have an effect on / upon… 對……有影響，對……產(chǎn)生作用 （比較：influence… = affect … 對……有影響 have no effect / influence on … 對……沒有影響 have a good / bad effect on … 對……有好/壞影響 have a great / little effect on … 對……有很大的影響/影響不大 have a strong influence on… 對……有很大影響） have / take an exam 參加考試 have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光 have an income of … 有……的收入 have access to … 使用（接近……的）權(quán)利或機會 have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯 have lessons / classes 上課 have mercy on… 寬恕……，對……仁慈，對……表示憐憫 have no chance of surviving 沒有生存的可能性 have no choice but to do sth 別無選擇，只好做某事 have none of … 根本不理睬…… have on 穿著 have sth on sb 某人身上帶著某物 have / take one’s medicine 服藥，吃藥 have some difficulty / trouble / problems with … 在……有困難/麻煩事 [比較：have some difficulty / trouble / problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困難/麻煩] have something / nothing in common (with…) （與……）有共同點／沒有共同之處 （比較：have much / a lot in common with… 與……有許多相同之處 have little in common with… 與……幾乎沒有相同之處） have something / nothing to do with … 與……有關(guān)／無關(guān) have to = have got to 不得不，必須 例如： Class is over. Let’s have a break. I’ve got a cough. Dad and I had a good laugh over that. They are having a good time. He stopped to have a look. We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon. Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree. Let me have a rest. Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow. Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him. Does she have lunch at home？ Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons. I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers. Please come here and have my seat, Granny. He hasn’t had any medicine. At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports. （12）hold短語： hold a meeting / party 開會/舉行晚會 hold back 退縮，躊躇，阻擋，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出氣 hold on 等一等，不要掛電話 hold on to 抓住，保住 hold out 伸出，堅持下去，維持 hold up 阻擋，使停頓，舉起，拿起，阻滯 hold together 連在一起，團結(jié)一致 例如： Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back. —Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please. The little boy held out his hands. I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer. Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work. （13）keep短語： keep away from 避開，別靠近 keep back 隱瞞，忍住，阻止……向前，留下 keep down 控制 keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接觸或不接近某人/某事物 keep on 繼續(xù)進行 keep out 不得入內(nèi) keep…out 把……擋住，把……留在外面keep out of … 不進入…… keep up 繼續(xù)，保持，堅持，使（情緒等）不低落 keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上，趕上 keep a date 赴約 keep a healthy diet 保持健康的飲食 keep a record / records 保持記錄 keep an eye on 注視，留心，注意，照顧 （比較：keep an eye out for 注視，留心，注意） keep busy doing 忙著做某事 keep fit 保持健康 keep…in mind = learn…by heart = remember… 把……記住 keep (on) doing sth 繼續(xù)不停地做某事 [比較：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/繼續(xù)做某事 keep … from doing 阻止……做，不讓……做 stop / prevent… (from) doing 妨礙/預防/阻止……做，不讓……做] keep one’s appointment 守約（比較：break one’s appointment 違約） keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep one’s word(s) 遵守諾言 keep safe 保持安全 keep silent over … 對……保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌 keep watch 保持警戒，站崗 例如： I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back. Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions. While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth. He kept on telling us the same story over and over. You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words. Danger! Keep out! Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. The rain kept up all night. I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work. The good news keeps our spirits up. He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch. There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.” （14）knock短語： knock at /on 敲打（門、窗等） knock down 把……撞倒，擊倒 knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰見 knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人 knock over 撞翻，撞倒 例如： We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there. He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car. Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White. He almost knocked into me before he realized it. If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door. （15）look短語： look at 看著，注視，檢查 look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照鏡子 look after 照顧，照料，照看 look ahead 向前看，展望未來 look around / about 四處看看，四下環(huán)顧 look back 回首，回憶，回顧過去 look back on… 回顧…