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1、第13講 五大高效解題步驟 (2011湖南卷)People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years, mostly because people simply arent taking the time to say a simple “hello”. After considering this phenomenon, I decided I was going to _36_ the way I was doing things. My _37_ came one morning when I was i
2、n the community library. I passed by a girl who _38_ her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way. However, when I had to _39_ because I stupidly forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. No one ha
3、d stopped to _40_ her. “OK,” I thought to myself, “this is where I should have changed.” My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man _41_ by himself waiting for the library to open, so I sat down next to him and began a _42_. It was difficult to get started, and even when I had to say
4、 goodbye, almost every _43_ from my new friend had a tone (語(yǔ)氣) of doubt in it.And who could blame him? People arent used to making an _44_ chat with a stranger. But a change, no matter how _45_ it is needed, doesnt just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible. I _46_ you to take a small
5、step out of your comfort zone and try to make someones day a little brighter. Together, we can really make society come _47_ as a whole.36A. change Bexplain Clearn Dshow37A. trouble Bdoubt Cwish Dopportunity38A. took Bdropped Cgot Dpulled 39A. come out Bstand by Cgo back Dturn up 40A. please Bgreet
6、Chelp Dpraise 41A. sitting Bwalking Criding Drunning 42. A. discussion Blesson Creport Dconversation 43. A. joke Bresponse Ccry Dstory44A. unchangeable Bunprepared Cunforgettable Dunfinished 45A. desperately Bfrequently Csimply Dwidely46A. allow Bwarn Corder Dadvise47A. later Bstraighter Ccloser Dsl
7、ower 2011年湖南卷完形填空(一)12個(gè)空以動(dòng)詞的考查為重,共6題(36、38、39、40、41、46),其中第39題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨異;其次為名詞,共3題(37、42、43);形容詞2題(44、47);副詞1題(45)。無(wú)連詞和介詞的考查。命題繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持“考查語(yǔ)境,突出語(yǔ)篇,注重實(shí)詞”的原則,有效地考查了學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解能力,詞匯在語(yǔ)篇中的辨析與運(yùn)用能力和連貫思維能力。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥【全文大意】文章通過(guò)作者記敘自己在社區(qū)圖書(shū)館的經(jīng)歷,來(lái)勸告人們通過(guò)嘗試與陌生人交流來(lái)增進(jìn)彼此之間的關(guān)系,符合了當(dāng)下“和諧社會(huì)”的大環(huán)境。【解析】36. A考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)文義,作者在思考了社區(qū)內(nèi)人與人之間距離
8、逐漸疏遠(yuǎn)這一現(xiàn)象后,決定改變之前的行為。值得注意的是,后文即對(duì)作者的行為進(jìn)行描述,第三段的最后一詞即為change,符合前后對(duì)應(yīng)原則?!窘馕觥?7. D考查名詞。句意:一天早上,當(dāng)我在社區(qū)圖書(shū)館的時(shí)候,我的出現(xiàn)了??梢酝ㄟ^(guò)理解得出答案,但也可以簡(jiǎn)單地按照完形名詞解題法尋找重復(fù),第四段第三個(gè)詞即為答案。【解析】38. B考查動(dòng)詞。對(duì)應(yīng)后文pick up,可知小女孩之前是書(shū)掉落,選dropped?!窘馕觥?9. C考查短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)文義,作者后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)人幫助小女孩,說(shuō)明作者必定重新返回原來(lái)的地方?!窘馕觥?0. C考查動(dòng)詞。前文someone else和后文的no one對(duì)應(yīng),所以動(dòng)作也應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng),所以
9、選help?!窘馕觥?1. A考查動(dòng)詞。后文so是解題點(diǎn),說(shuō)明作者的動(dòng)作也和一位男士的動(dòng)作一致,故選sitting。【解析】42. D考查名詞。尋找重復(fù)后發(fā)現(xiàn),第44題后面一個(gè)詞chat即為本題答案,因此選chat的同義詞conversation?!窘馕觥?3. B考查名詞。句意:我的新朋友的每個(gè)中都顯示出懷疑的語(yǔ)氣。joke,cry和story在文中均未提及,直接排除,選response?!窘馕觥?4. B考查形容詞。此題考查文章歸納總結(jié)能力。文章說(shuō):對(duì)于一個(gè)陌生人,人們并不習(xí)慣于進(jìn)行的交談。此句是由前文作者對(duì)于陌生人的反應(yīng)而總結(jié)出來(lái)的。前文作者對(duì)陌生人的交談很不順利,如何開(kāi)始、如何結(jié)束都顯
10、得十分困難,因此本題應(yīng)選擇與“困難”相近的詞??v觀(guān)備選項(xiàng),unprepared(未準(zhǔn)備好的,即興的)較符合文義?!窘馕觥?5. A考查副詞。句意:和陌生人交談的方式的改變無(wú)論是的需要,它都不會(huì)發(fā)生。此題單純從文義理解比較困難,建議用排除法。frequently, simply, widely這3個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不是文章討論的內(nèi)容,可以排除,剩下答案desperately(十分,非常地)修飾這種需要的迫切程度。 【解析】46. D考查動(dòng)詞。最后一段作者針對(duì)與陌生人疏遠(yuǎn)這種情況,建議人們努力改善,答案則容易得出。【解析】47. C對(duì)應(yīng)第一段的apart,此處應(yīng)選擇相對(duì)應(yīng)的反義詞closer。 1. 細(xì)讀首
11、句,預(yù)測(cè)主題 “完形填空”所選短文第一句往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句或是主題句。它是文章的“窗口”,通過(guò)它,可以大致了解全文的概貌與作者的立意。所以,細(xì)讀首句,重視首句,正確理解首句是解題的關(guān)鍵,是正確預(yù)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)。要細(xì)心閱讀,客觀(guān)分析,理性思索,以期挖掘出更多的有用的潛在信息,為后面的解題打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 2. 跳讀全文,領(lǐng)會(huì)大意 要學(xué)會(huì)跳讀技巧。借助首尾句所給啟示,捕捉文中關(guān)鍵詞的詞義信息,跳過(guò)空格,快速把短文從頭到尾通讀一遍,大概了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、情節(jié)發(fā)展、前因后果、論點(diǎn)論據(jù)等,進(jìn)一步從整體上理解短文大意。同時(shí)對(duì)空格估計(jì)填什么詞可作試探性的猜測(cè),為下一步選擇答案做好準(zhǔn)備。切忌急于求成
12、,看一句填一空。若一開(kāi)始就忙于填空,勢(shì)必?zé)o法掌握文章中心,造成顧此失彼,錯(cuò)誤百出的不良結(jié)果。 3. 通讀全文,試選答案 根據(jù)大意,以全文為背景,以上下文為依托,選取語(yǔ)法上正確,文義上貼近的詞語(yǔ)填入,初步完成空格。試填選項(xiàng)時(shí),一定要注意在語(yǔ)境理解上下工夫,要抓住上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,進(jìn)行多角度、全方位分析。可先讀所要填詞的句子,復(fù)讀上一句,兼顧下一句,即“瞻前顧后”。在閱讀全文時(shí),不要忽略連接詞、代詞、插入語(yǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)等的作用。因?yàn)檫@些詞往往是改變語(yǔ)境的關(guān)鍵詞,具有因果、讓步、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代、列舉、承上啟下的特殊功能。 4. 細(xì)讀全文,推敲難題 有些空格在初步完形時(shí)就可以定局,可部分空格答案還不明朗。做到這一步,我們將短文中被挖去的詞“復(fù)位”了一些,對(duì)語(yǔ)境的了解更清晰,更準(zhǔn)確了。我們要充分利用這一有利條件,聯(lián)系上下文,根據(jù)常識(shí),運(yùn)用邏輯推理,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和已選答案所提供的信息,對(duì)候選項(xiàng)再次進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲,縝密考慮,選出最佳答案。 5. 復(fù)讀全文,調(diào)整答案 在完形空格后,要把全文再瀏覽一遍,仔細(xì)檢查一下你選的答案是否能使文意上下連貫、前后照應(yīng),邏輯順暢,能否自然地融入語(yǔ)篇。既要檢查語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)法、慣用法的正確性,也要考慮內(nèi)容和邏輯的合理性。對(duì)感覺(jué)有問(wèn)題的地方,要仔細(xì)揣摩,準(zhǔn)確定奪。