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1、第10講 名詞性從句 1. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. (2011湖南卷31) A. what B. that C. which D. why 【解析】選A。空白處后句子缺表語(yǔ)。因此不能選B。B中的that 只起引導(dǎo)作用,無(wú)實(shí)意。而該句選what既起了引導(dǎo)作用,又作了句子成分表語(yǔ)。 2. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or
2、not. (2011重慶卷22)A. whether B. whenC. which D. where 【解析】選A。該句中it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是由whetheror not引導(dǎo)的從句。句意:是否這個(gè)舊車(chē)站該由現(xiàn)代賓館取代還在討論中。考點(diǎn)1.名詞性從句的種類(lèi)及連接詞I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 【解析】選C。what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作for 的賓語(yǔ), what在從句中作am的表語(yǔ)。 名詞性從句具有名詞的功能,分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種。它由以下
3、三種連接詞引導(dǎo): 1. 連詞: that, whether, if。 2. 連接代詞: who, whom, whose, which, what等。 3. 連接副詞: when, where, why, how等??键c(diǎn)2.連詞that的用法Keep in mind _ you want others to respect you, you must respect others first.A. that when B. that if C. if when D. when if 【解析】選B。that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 1. that引導(dǎo)名詞性從
4、句時(shí)既無(wú)詞義也不在從句中作任何成分。 2. that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般不可省,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常可省。但是, and連接兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省,第二個(gè)that不可省。 3. that從句一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。但: in that “因?yàn)椤保?except / but that“除了”例外。 考點(diǎn)3.whether, if的用法 Its reported that Pakistan is considering _ to continue its information cooperation with the US because the US d
5、idnt inform them in advance before they took action to kill Bin Laden. (2011成都七中高三最后一套模擬卷) A. what B. how C. whether D. if 【解析】選C。在 whether后只能用不定式或后接or not,不能接if,即whether to do 或whether or not。 whether, if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),表示“是否”, 不在從句中作任何成分,二者??赏ㄓ茫谙旅鎺追N情況下一般只用whether: (1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 (2)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 (3)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 (4)在
6、動(dòng)詞discuss之后。 (5)在介詞之后。 (6)后面緊跟or not。 (7)動(dòng)詞不定式前。考點(diǎn)4.名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序 I really wonder _ will stop Japan from its annual whale hunt in the Antarctic. (山西太原五中2010 2011學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期月考4月) A. that it is what B. what it is that C. what is it that D. that is it what 【解析】選B。空白處為一賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語(yǔ)。而賓語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)what。賓語(yǔ)從句要采用
7、陳述語(yǔ)序。 名詞性從句用陳述語(yǔ)序,為:連詞(+被修飾語(yǔ))+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。即主謂不倒裝。 考點(diǎn)5. what與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別例1:It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (2011重慶卷34)A. Whose B. whatC. which D. that 【解析】選B??瞻滋幾鲃?dòng)詞 see 的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句按順序?yàn)閍 new invention can be of what use to human life,疑問(wèn)詞what前置。因此選B。
8、例2:Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津卷13)A. what B. which C. that D. where 【解析】選C。that引導(dǎo)詞作名詞evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。該詞只起引導(dǎo)作用,無(wú)實(shí)義,不可省略。 1. 在名詞性從句中,that只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,本身也沒(méi)有詞義,即從句中不缺少任何成分時(shí)用連詞that. 2. that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將that從句置于句末作真正的主語(yǔ)。但what不能
9、用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 3. that可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但what不能。 考點(diǎn)6.由reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞The reason why he cant go to school is _ he is ill. A. because B. why C. that D. which 【解析】選C。reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的表語(yǔ)從句一般用連詞that。 reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句所用連詞為that, 一般不用because或why等。 考點(diǎn)7. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別例1:_ was known to all that William had broken his
10、promise _ he would never play computer games again. (2011湖南雅禮中學(xué)高三第8次月考卷) A. As; which B. As; that C. It; that D. What; that 【解析】選C。it作形式主語(yǔ),第一個(gè)that后引導(dǎo)從句作真正主語(yǔ)。名詞promise后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。對(duì)前一名詞內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例2:Helping others is a habit, one _ you can learn even at an early age. (2011山東卷改編) A. it B. that C. what D. who 【解析】選B。one是a habit的同位語(yǔ)。作為定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,后用which或 that作定語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞learn的賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)也可省略。 that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí), that在從句中不作成分(一般不省), 且不可用which來(lái)取代;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), that須作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒?, 且常可用which來(lái)取代。