2014高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 必備考點(diǎn)3 閱讀理解(3)

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1、 考點(diǎn)3 閱讀理解 （一）科普知識(shí)類 Passage 1 （2010·全國(guó)卷I·C） ???? Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.

2、6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. ????? In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red ey

3、es, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. ????? Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they c

4、an climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws. ????? During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy s

5、eason begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. 63. What is the text mainly about? A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D. The appear

6、ance and living habits of hoatzins. 64. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________?． A. they look like young cuckoos ? B. they have claws on the wings C. they eat a lot like a cow D. they live on river banks 65．What can we infer about primitive birds from the

7、 text? A. They had claws to help them climb. B. They could fly long distances. C. They had four wings like hoatzins. D. They had a head with long feathers on the top. 66．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A. To find more food. B

8、. To protect themselves better. C. To keep themselves warm. D. To produce their young. 63．【解析】選D。主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了the hoatzin，它是生活在亞馬遜河的麝雉。本文主要介紹了這種鳥(niǎo)的外表特征以及生活習(xí)性。故選D。 64．【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.與此段的最后一

9、句When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.可知幼鳥(niǎo)的翅膀上有爪子而老一些的鳥(niǎo)沒(méi)有。故選B。 65．【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Using these four claws, together with the beak, they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done.可知最初的鳥(niǎo)用爪子幫助爬行。故選A。 66．【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的...

10、when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.可知。 Passage 2 （2010·上?！） The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added—a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

11、 After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London. Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions o

12、f tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London. “The Sun’s activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar

13、 maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites,” said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire. At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物質(zhì)拋射) occur in the Sun’s atmosphe

14、re, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. “A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and dist

15、urb communications,” Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots. Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take ima

16、ges of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太陽(yáng)耀斑) and explosions as they occur. Professor Richard Holdaway, the lab’s director,

17、 said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth. “If we have advance warning, we’ll be able to reduce the damage. What you don’t want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what’s caused the p

18、roblem,” he said. 72. The phrase “communications blackout” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to _________ during the 2012 Olympics. A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch B. the collapse of broadcasting systems C. the transportation breakdown in London D. the destruction of weat

19、her satellites 73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage? A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth. B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle. C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth. D. The number of s

20、unspots declines after coronal mass ejections. 74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to______. A. take images of the solar system B. provide early warning of thunderstorms C. keep track of solar activities D. improve the communications on Earth 75. W

21、hich of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled 72.【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段并結(jié)合全文可以總結(jié)得出答案B。 73

22、.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句可以推出答案D。A項(xiàng)中fatal一詞使用有誤，B項(xiàng)敘述錯(cuò)誤，由文章中的內(nèi)容也不能推測(cè)出C項(xiàng)的敘述。 74.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第六段“...NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity...”可知C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。 75.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。文章以2012年倫敦夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)所面臨的太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴問(wèn)題為引子，展開(kāi)論述了太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴將對(duì)人類活動(dòng)造成的影響。 Passage 3 (2010·重慶卷·E) Humans are naturally

23、 drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives. This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars，and t

24、he popularity of fantasy（幻想）literature or movies like The Lord of the Rings. This sense of wonder draws us to each other，to the world around us ,and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist

25、 all around us? Human beings，as biologists have suggested，possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms. However, people，especially in big cities，often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren，it was found that children by age eight were much more

26、 familiar with characters from television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology，a small Pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants，insects，birds，and animals .When we lack meaningful interaction（交互）with the world around us, and sometim

27、es even with our families and friends，we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen. The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet（出路）for our sense of wonder，then we are really

28、missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough，we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own. 72．The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves

29、 _________ . A．the close connection between man and the fantasy world B．the wonderful achievements of fantasy literature C．the fine taste of moviegoers around the world D．the general existence of the sense of curiosity 73．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．P

30、eople are far less familiar with the world of fantasy. B．The world around us could serve as a source of wonder. C．The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond. D．Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder. 74．If our sense of wonder relies totally on the

31、world of make-believe, we will ______. A．fail to appreciate the joy in our lives B．be confused by the world of make-believe C．miss the chance to recognize the fantasy world D．be trapped by other worlds existing all around us 75. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show

32、 us the hidden beauty in our world. B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world. C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder. D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe. 【文章大意】本文講述了人們對(duì)幻想世界的好奇以及幻想世界對(duì)我們的影響，旨在告訴我們不要沉溺于幻想世界，而失去現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的快樂(lè)。 72.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段的主題句

33、This sense of wonder is universal.人們的好奇心是普遍存在的，其中就舉了科幻電影The Lord of the Rings指環(huán)王的例子。所以選D。選項(xiàng)A、B、C與這一段的主題不相符。 73. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。句意：如果沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，即使一個(gè)小小的池塘也能成為一個(gè)令人驚異的世界，充滿了令人好奇的美麗植物、昆蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)和動(dòng)物的世界。從而我們可以推測(cè)出我們現(xiàn)實(shí)世界也是很令人好奇的、美麗的，也是一切東西產(chǎn)生的根源。所以B項(xiàng)是正確的。A項(xiàng)人們對(duì)幻想世界不熟悉，第三段顯示的是沉溺于幻想世界，所以A項(xiàng)不對(duì)。C項(xiàng)不合文意。D項(xiàng)中的prevent錯(cuò)，不是阻止。 74．【

34、解析】選A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一段告訴我們：生活在幻想世界不一定是壞事，但是當(dāng)幻想成為我們好奇感的唯一出路的時(shí)候，我們就會(huì)失去一些東西，就會(huì)失去與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的聯(lián)系。我們的周圍有其他奇妙的世界，最有趣的是如果我們仔細(xì)觀察的話，我們就會(huì)明白那些世界真的就是我們自己生活的世界中的一部分。由此判斷選A項(xiàng)，如果我們沉溺于幻想世界，我們也就不能體會(huì)到我們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的快樂(lè)。其他選項(xiàng)中的be confused by ,miss , be trapped 不合文意。 75．【解析】選B。推理判斷題。作者從人們對(duì)幻想世界好奇感的誤用以及生活于幻想世界對(duì)我們的影響和我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界其實(shí)也是令人好奇的、美麗的等幾個(gè)角

35、度來(lái)提醒人們，我們現(xiàn)在走得太遠(yuǎn)了，已脫離了我們現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界，失去了生活中的快樂(lè)。所以文章的目的是提醒人們不要沉迷在幻想之中。B項(xiàng)是正確答案。其他選項(xiàng)僅僅是事實(shí)現(xiàn)象，不是目的。 Passage 4 (2010·安徽卷·B) Have you ever wondered? 1. Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east? It can take five hours to go west-east from New York(NY) to London but seven hours to travel east-west from

36、 London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet(噴射) stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction whe

37、n they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction. 2. What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off? Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures(建筑物) float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were

38、attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hour. If you turn something around your head on a string (細(xì)繩), it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line.‘Switching off ’ gravity would be like letti

39、ng go of the string.Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space. 60. What information can we get from the first passage? A. It is the je

40、t stream that affects how fast airplanes fly. B. Planes go slower when they are moving with the wind. C. It takes more time to fly from NY to London than from London to NY. D. The jet stream always blows from the east to the west across the Atlantic. 61.The word“shoot”underlined in the 2nd pass

41、age probably means“ ________”. A. send for B. move quickly C. come out D. grow quickly 62. It can be inferred that without gravity _________. A. buildings and other structures would float away B. trees and buildings would not so easily fly off C. something around your head

42、 would not float away D. everything outside buildings would fly off into space 63. Where can we most probably read this text? A In a research paper. B. In a short story. C. In a travel magazine. D. In a students’ book. 【文章大意】本篇閱讀分為兩個(gè)話題。一是由于氣流的影響，飛機(jī)從紐約飛向倫敦比從倫敦飛向紐約用

43、時(shí)要少。二是如果地球沒(méi)有了引力，會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。 60.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet stream.可知影響飛機(jī)速度的是噴射氣流。 61.【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。本段前面提到“沒(méi)有依附在地球上面的物體會(huì)筆直地飛出去”，那么人也會(huì)以極高的速度飛上去。所以shoot的意思就是迅速移動(dòng)move quickly ；send for 派人去請(qǐng)；come out 出來(lái)，出版；grow quickly迅速成長(zhǎng)。 62.【解析】選B。推理判斷題

44、。根據(jù)第二段的What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth.及Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line.可知緊緊地依附于地球的樹(shù)木和建筑不易飛出去。 63.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。本文的標(biāo)題和兩個(gè)話題的引出都是疑問(wèn)句。目的是吸引讀者的注意力。而話題內(nèi)容的介紹淺顯易懂，不可能來(lái)自專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的研究論文，而應(yīng)是來(lái)自學(xué)生用書(shū)。B項(xiàng)是短篇故事，C項(xiàng)是旅游雜志，都不符合文章意思。 Passage 5

45、 （2010·廣東卷·C） Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is on

46、e of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（釋放）poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals ca

47、n also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain na

48、tural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people

49、should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally

50、, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water

51、. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. 51. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poi

52、soning can be serious. 52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________. A. are always accompanied by a fever B. are too common to be noted C. can be noticed within hours D. can be ignored 53. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT

53、_________. A. some chemicals B. low temperatures C. some tiny living things D. certain natural materials 54. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that _________. A. mushrooms should not be eaten B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood C. natural poisons are more dang

54、erous than chemicals D. different types of food should be handled differently 55. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. A. natural materials are safe in food processing B. chemicals are needed in food processing C. food poisoning can be kept under control D. food

55、poisoning is out of control 51. 【解析】選B?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)分析。根據(jù)第一段的Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly可知。 52.【解析】選C。考查細(xì)節(jié)分析。根據(jù)第一段的The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.可知。易錯(cuò)選A項(xiàng)，只是眾多癥狀中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè),表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)。 53.【解析】選B。考查細(xì)節(jié)分析。根據(jù)第五段的Food should be

56、kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing.可知低溫不會(huì)導(dǎo)致食物中毒。 54.【解析】選D?？疾橥茢喾治觥５谖宥沃饕v述不同的食物要進(jìn)行不同的處理。 55.【解析】選C?？疾橥茢喾治?。從第五段第一句When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small.可知。 Passage 6 （2010·湖北卷·E篇） Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global

57、warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) . It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did. Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British schola

58、r who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold, people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us t

59、hat the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb. When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ance

60、stors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention. In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known

61、 as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours. According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another st

62、ate of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas. Playin

63、g with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need. 67. The example of

64、the French peasants shows the fact that________. A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleep B. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habits C.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather D. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end 68. The la

65、te night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people______. A. to set traps to catch animals B. to wake up their family and neighbours C. to remind others of the time D. to guard against possible dangers 69. What does the author advise people to do? A. Sleep in the way animal

66、s do. B. Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep. C. Follow their natural sleep rhythm. D. Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern. 70.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A.To give a prescription for insomnia. B.To urge people to sleep less. C.To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people. D.To throw new light on human sleep. 【文章大意】本文介紹了一些睡眠專家的研究成果，這對(duì)人們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待睡眠習(xí)慣有所啟示。屬于科普類說(shuō)明文。 67．【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段講述的內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系第一段最后一句分析推斷B項(xiàng)符合題意。C項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)，但原文未做比較而且也不符合文章中心。