人教版高一英語必修一Unit

Unit2一、知識點1. go to the pictures去看電影（美）；go to the movies 去看電影（英）2. list the countries that use English as an official language 列舉把英語用作官方語言的國家3. the road to 通向之路4. at the end of在末端，在盡頭，by the end最后（=finally）5. because of 因為 （注意和because 的區(qū)別）Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.因為污染嚴重，許多美麗的魚類正在面臨絕種。An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.爭論是不可避免的，因為他們彼此非常厭惡。6. native English speakers 以英語作為母語的人7. even if (= even thoug)即使，用來引導一個讓步狀語從句，后面既可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣，但是even if/even though,引導的從句中不用將來時。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.8. come up 走上前來，走近，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn) come up with 追上，趕上，提出9. Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事實上，當不同文化相互交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發(fā)展、有所變化。10. be different from 與不同be different in 在不同Most of my projects will be wildly different in performance from one night to the next.我多數(shù)作品每天晚上的演奏風格都各不相同。As we know, Britain English is a little different from American English.中所周知，英國英語和美國英語有點不同。11. be based on 以為基礎The relationship between our two countries is based upon mutual respect. 兩個國家的關系以相互尊重為基礎。This book is based on a true story that happened in the 1930s. 這本書以發(fā)生在20世紀三十年代的真實故事為基礎。 The reporter asked the writer who he based his character on. 記者問作家他作品的人物是以誰為原型的。12. at present 目前，眼下be present at 在席；出席present sth to sb / present sb with sth把推薦，呈現(xiàn)for the present眼前；暫時present oneself 出席；到場13. make (great/ good/better/full)use ofWe have a lot of work to do, so we have to make good use of time.我們有很多工作要做，所以要好好利用時間。14. The latter gave a separate identity to Amerian English speaking. 后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語的不同特色。15. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 比如說， 印度擁有眾多講英語流利的人，這是應為英國于1765到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。(A small number of friends came to help him when he was in trouble)16. such as 例如for example In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book. 這一段里面有很多名詞，例如男孩、女孩和書本。Many great men have risen from poverty-Lincoln, for example. 許多偉人從貧困中崛起，例如林肯。You can take your research work for example.你可以拿你的研究工作做個例子。17. Today, the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 目前在中學習英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增長。18. the largest number of 大多數(shù)的China has the largest number of people.中國有著世界上最多的人。19. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native speaker. 中國人說英語很難像以英語為母語的人說英語那么流利。20. One reason is that English has a large vocabulary. 一個原因是英語有很大的詞匯量。21. different English speaking countries 不同的說英語的國家22. sing sb a song = sing a song for sb23. turn offturn onturn upturn down24. hold on 堅持住，握住不放；(打電話時)不掛斷，等會hold on to vt. 拉住(抓牢)25. believe it or not 信不信由你26. those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English 人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語27. you will hear the difference in the way（that/ in which） people speak. 你會聽出人們在說話時的差異。28. play a role/ part (in) 在中擔任角色；在中起作用;扮演一個角色；參與play an important role/ part 在中起重要作用Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy in China.鄧小平在中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展過程中起著重要作用。29. from one place to another 從一個地方到另一個地方30. the same as 與一樣31. they still recognize and understand each others dialects. 他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e、理解彼此的方言。32. No problem.沒問題33. a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day34. at the top of在頂上，在最高位，at the bottom of 在底部35. keep fit 保持健康You need exercise and keep fit.你需要運動和保持體形。36. build up逐漸積聚，集結(jié)；逐步建立；增進，增強bring up 教養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育；提出37. When you learn English, try to have fun with the language. 當學英語的時候，努力找出語言的樂趣。38. Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum. 博物館要求參觀的旅客不得在館內(nèi)拍照。39. by candle light 借助于燭光 40. be satisfied with對感到滿意，滿足于Never be satisfied with just a little success. 不要有一點成績就滿足。41. She suggested using CDs to listen to English songs and learn English expressions, watching the news and interviews on CCTV 9, and trying to listen to native speakers.她建議用CD來聽英語歌曲和學習英語短語，看新聞和中央電視臺9套訪談，努力聽以英語為母語的人說話。It is suggested that .有人提議. I suggest that .我覺得認為I suggested you do what he says. 我建議你按照他說的去做。I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天還是不要去了。His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。42. at sea在海上 當海員 迷惑, 茫然by sea乘船，經(jīng)海路by the sea在海邊, 在海岸邊 in the sea在海里on the sea 在海上beyond/over the sea在海外She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at sea.她費盡力氣想看懂那些說明文字，卻全然不知所云。43. according to 按照 He lives according to her means他按他的方式生活課文回憶1.詞匯練兵英語可以讓你想到那些詞匯English 英語 abroad 海外 language 語言 foreigner外國人speak 、say 說 listen聽 read讀 learn 學習等等2.說明文閱讀技巧：找全文或每段的the main point（中心話題）Paragraph1: The spread of English language in the world Paragraph2:Native speaker can understand each other but they may not be able to understand everythingParagraph3:All languages change when cultures communicate with one another Paragraph4:English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia 3.短語歸納1. 不只有一種英語 more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from one another4. 與現(xiàn)代英語不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 世界英語 world Englishes6. 起著的重要作用 play an important role / part7. 起著越來越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因為它特殊的作用 because of its special role9. 國際語言 an international language10. 在16世紀末 at the end of the 16 th century11. 在17世紀初 at the beginning of the 17 th century12. 在20世紀前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何時候都 than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德語為基礎 be based on German16. 使用更大的詞匯量 make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色 its own identity18. 眾多講英語的人a very large number of English speakers19. 學英語的人數(shù) the number of people learning English20. 迅速增長increase rapidly21. 標準英語standard English22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 講最好的英語 speak excellent English24. 相鄰的城鎮(zhèn) neighboring towns 25. 從一個地方搬到另一個地方 move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形勢 present situation28. 國際組織 an international organization29. 詞匯與慣用法 vocabulary and usage30. 辨認出他的口音 recognize his accent31. 中西部地區(qū)的方言 midwestern dialect(s)32. 發(fā)出命令 give commands33. 提出客氣的請求 make a polite request要點提煉I詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解釋】voyage: 去國外或較遠地方的海上旅行journey: 指較遠的從一地到另一地旅行travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip: (短途)旅行tour: 為了公務、娛樂或教育參觀多處名勝的旅行【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour1. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原來很熟悉，經(jīng)過一段時間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認出來。(2)realize 強調(diào)在經(jīng)過一個過程后的了解。(3)know 是延續(xù)性動詞，指互相間十分熟悉、十分了解應用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)I've _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular【解釋】frequent經(jīng)常的，時間或間歇很短的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)common 通常的、常發(fā)生的、廣泛使用或眾所周知的ordinary指種類普通且不能從其他中加以區(qū)別的，有時含貶義general一般性的，到處的；不限于領域、地區(qū)或應用regular平常的；慣例的；習慣性的、通常的或正常的【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1). This is a _ problem.2). He often makes _ errors of judgment.3)Look at the trains _ schedule.4)The violinist gave a very _ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.5)As a _ rule I am home by six.答案:1). common2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). general2. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列舉事物時常放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且其后不用逗號，直接跟所列舉的事物，可與 like互換。它所列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于前面所提的事物的總和，否則就用 that is或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于舉例說明，其前后多用符號隔開。其位置比較靈活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列舉的事物之前)。(3)that is 相當于 namely，它所列舉的事物的總量等于前面所提到的事物的總和。(4)and so on 對幾個事物進行列舉時，在說了其中的幾個以后，用.and so on進行概括，說明還有例子，但不一一列出了。應用2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths, English and PE.(2)Overcooking, _， destroys many nutrients.(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.3. especially/ specially【解釋】especially意思是“尤其，特別”，表達事物的不尋?；蛱貏e重要specially 指為了某一目的，專門做某事【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1). Our city is very beautiful, _ in spring. 我們城市很美麗，尤其在春天。2). He came here _ to ask you for help. 他是專程來這里向你求助的。答案: 1). especially 2). specially 4 a number of / the number of【解釋】a number of意思是“若干；許多”the number of意思是“的數(shù)目”【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1). Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). _ books in the market are in English.答案: 1). the number of 2). A number ofII詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. actual adj. 實際的actually adv. 實際上；事實上2. base n. 基地；基礎base v. 以為根據(jù)basic adj. 基本的3. east n. 東方eastern adj. 東方的；東部的 【練習】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空1) What did he _ say? (actual)2) The _ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _. (base)4）She used her family's history as a _ for her novel. (base)5）This novel is _ on historical facts. (base)6）He is interested in _ customs. (determine)7) The wind is blowing from the _. (determine)答案: 1) actually2) actual3) basic4) base5) based 6) eastern7) east重點詞匯1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場的；目前的vt. 贈送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒法幫助你。3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況，我建議你等等。 重點用法at present=at the present time=now 目前，現(xiàn)在be present at 出席；到場(反義： be absent from)present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送給某人 練習 中譯英1). 所有（那些）在場者一眼就看出那個錯誤。2). 這本書是哥哥贈送給我的。答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother.2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。重點用法 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由指揮,由控制be in command of 控制 be at ones command 聽任某人支配have / take command of 指揮特別提醒 command后接that從句時要用虛擬語氣練習 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空1). For the first time in years, she felt _ command of her life.2). The army is _ the kings direct command.3). The police arrived and took command _ the situation.答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of3. request n.& v. 請求；要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的請求能夠獲準。. 2). I requested him to help. 我請求他幫忙。重點用法request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 He requested me _ (write) a letter of recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports. 練習 中譯英。1). 我是（特別）應你要求而來。 2). 請不要吸煙。答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.擴展=聯(lián)想：像command一樣，其后的名詞性從句的謂語用“(should)+ 動詞原形”的常用詞有：一個“堅持(insist)”；兩個“命令(order，command)”；三個“建議(suggest，advise，propose)”；四個“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；4. recognize vt. 辨認出；承認；公認典例 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承認他為合法繼承人。重點用法recognizeby sth 認出或識別某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 承認某人/某事物是recognizeto be承認是 recognize +賓語從句 意識到；承認 練習 中譯英 1). 人們都承認他是他們理所當然的領袖。2). 我認出他是我朋友的哥哥。答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.2). I recognized him as my friends brother.5. straight adj.筆直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 這是一條直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中學一畢業(yè)就馬上進了大學。練習 中譯英1).我的領帶系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead. 6. block vt. 堵塞；阻礙n. 街區(qū)；木塊；石塊典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重點用法a block of 一大塊 block out 堵住 block off 封鎖；封閉 block up 堵塞；阻礙練習 中譯英1). 他們在繞樓群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往蘇格蘭的道路。答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.7、actually adv. 實際上；事實上相近詞匯：in factas a matter of fact8gradual adj.逐漸的，逐步的gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地9.native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天賦的n. 本地人；出生于某國的人be native to.原產(chǎn)于某地ones native country/land本國，祖國native place出生地ones native language本國語，本族語，母語a native of當?shù)厝?產(chǎn)于的動/植物即學即練1(1)China is our _， and Chinese is our _.中國是我們的祖國，漢語是我們的母語。(2)The tiger _ India.這種虎產(chǎn)于印度。(3)He is _ Beijing.他是北京人。答案.native country; native language；is native to；a native of重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）1aaae up走近；上來；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告訴他去警察局的路。3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 這個問題在會議上一定會被提出來的。5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。短語歸納come across邂逅 come about發(fā)生 come at向撲來,攻擊come from 來自come out 出版;開花；結(jié)果是come up with想出come round 繞道而來 come down落下,塌下練習 用come構(gòu)成的詞組填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over4). come up with5). came across2. make use of 利用；使用典例 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你應該好好利用機會練習英語。短語歸納make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用練習1). 要充分利用一切機會說英語。2). 我們要很好地發(fā)揮她的才能。答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents.3. such as例如；像這種的1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些詩人, 如濟慈和雪萊, 寫的是浪漫主義的詩歌2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 蘭花和報春花之類的野花越來越少了練習 用such as或for example填空1). I like drinks _ tea and soda.2). The report is incomplete; it doesnt include sales in France, _.答案: 1) such as2). For example4. play a part (in) 扮演一個角色；參與典例 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她積極參與地方政治活動。2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她對該計劃的成功起了重要作用。翻譯：中國在當今世界扮演著重要的角色。China is playing an important part/role in the world today.短語歸納take part (in sth)參加, 參與（某事物 for the most part 整體上; 通常; 多半the best part of sth（某事物的）絕大部分（尤指一段時間） for my part就我來說練習 中譯英1). 有多少國家要參加（世界杯賽）？2). 對我來說, 到哪兒吃飯都無所謂。答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.6. because of 因為；由于典例1). They are here because of us. 他們是因為我們來這里的。短語歸納because of 是復合介詞。because 是從屬連詞，引導原因狀語從句。練習 He came late to school again _ he got up too late. The girl cried _ what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.7. base on 以為基礎e.g The movie is based on facts 7ever before 從前 8even if/though 即使9be based on 以為基礎 10over time 長期以來11in the early days 在早期 12the same as 相同于13. Believe it or not信不信由你14. a number of N. 許多,大量. 作主語時, 謂語用復數(shù). the number of N. 的數(shù)量. 作主語時, 謂語用單數(shù) Eg A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50. V重點句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?解釋do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作為插入語,放在特殊疑問詞后，其它內(nèi)容緊跟其后并用陳述語序。 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我們幾點來接你？ What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？你認為他聽到那個好消息后會做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你認為他們隊為什么能贏得那場足球賽呢？2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解釋 than ever before 常與比較級連用，意為“比以往任何時候更”。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星點綴在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。練習 中譯英1). 簡看起來比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). It's raining harder than ever before.拓展：(1)引導讓步狀語從句的引導詞還有 although, though, no matter when/what., whenever, wherever, however 等等。(2)as也可以引導讓步狀語從句，但要把其表語、謂語或賓語前置，且前置的單數(shù)名詞不可以加冠詞。Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.即使你們在工作中取得了巨大的成績，也不應該自滿。Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is, he won't take off his hat.不管多熱，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.盡管她是個女孩，她敢一個人走夜路。即境活用1(2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow that Ceven though Dso that解析：even thougheven if “即使”，引導讓步狀語從句。答案：C 2Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入語。(2)no such thing 沒有這樣的事情。such與 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等詞連用時，應位于它們的后面。Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒絕接受我們的幫助。There is no such street in the city.這城市沒有那樣的街道。He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.他說他沒有時間或別的諸如此類的借口。即境活用2(2009·安徽)Im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _， it is ten years since we met last.AIn a word BWhats more CThats to say DBelieve it or not解析：句意：想不到又一次收到學校老師的來信，信不信由你，我們上次見面還是在十年前。in a word總之；whats more而且；thats to say也就是說；believe it or not信不信由你。答案：D3. with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)應用3(1)Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.Afilled Bfilling Cto fill Dbeing filled解析：with復合結(jié)構(gòu)中，work和fill是主動關系，且表示正在進行，因此其后要用doing結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：B(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _， he gladly accepted it.Afinished Bfinishing Chaving finished Dwas finished解析：根據(jù)work和finish是被動關系，可以判斷出答案。答案：A(3)_ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.AWith BBesides CAs for DBecause of解析：根據(jù)句意，此處應采用“with賓語不定式”。答案：A(4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room _ his nose red.Ato Bon Cin Dwith解析：這個句子考查with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，用“with名詞形容詞”做狀語表示伴隨情況。而to、on、in作為介詞則沒有這種用法，故排除A、B、C，答案為D。句意是：外面天氣很冷，那個男孩跑進了屋子時，鼻子紅紅的。答案：D語法講解引語的概念（以課文88頁為主，本文重在方法提煉與鞏固）直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語 直接引語通常都用引號括起來用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫間接引語間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個 _賓語從句Direct SpeechShe said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”Indirect SpeechShe said she liked singingShe said she was waiting for a bus. 總結(jié)：直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時用連詞that引導賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時態(tài),指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語等相應變化.（見課本88）補充：Direct SpeechShe asked, “Have you seen the film?”He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”Indirect SpeechShe asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asks John ifwhether he is a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off.He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.總結(jié) 直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導。解題步驟:1.陳述句“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.第一步Sarah said to her friends that I dont like computers.（ Ishe 時態(tài)said 過去式 dont - didnt ）第二步Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.2.一般疑問句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the