《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法精講系列 講座八 非謂語動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞ing形式課件》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法精講系列 講座八 非謂語動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞ing形式課件(20頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、語法精講系列講座八非謂語動(dòng)詞講座八非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞inging形式形式語 法 精 講考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)以及物動(dòng)詞make和非及物動(dòng)詞go為例動(dòng)詞語態(tài)形式及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式havingmadehavingbeen madehaving gone考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞ing形式的句法功能1動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(1)動(dòng)詞ing作主語時(shí),往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,在口語中也可以表示具體的動(dòng)作。如:Painting is his hobby.繪畫是他的愛好。(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語和不定式作主語一樣,也可
2、以用it作形式主語。如:It is no use talking without doing.光說不做沒有用。(3)動(dòng)詞ing形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的ing形式帶邏輯主語時(shí),只可在其前加上形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格。Jacks suddenly disappearing made them worried.杰克突然消失,令他們很擔(dān)心。2動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(1)下列動(dòng)詞或詞組只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣:考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn),不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,
3、excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,設(shè)想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape。此外,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(無法忍受),give up,feel
4、 like,insist on,thank you for,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time(in)等短語和動(dòng)詞詞組后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如:He got wellprepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他為這次工作面試做了充分準(zhǔn)備,因?yàn)樗荒苊笆ミ@次好機(jī)會(huì)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。I regretted not having
5、taken her advice.我后悔沒有聽從她的建議。(2)常見固定句型There is no use/good/sense/harmdoing sth.做某事沒用/不好/沒意義/沒有害處。have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time/fun(in)doing sth.。spend/waste/lose time(in) doing sth.?!癶ave賓語doing sth.”意為“叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生”。賓語后面用動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示賓語與動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作持續(xù)
6、進(jìn)行。catch sb.doing sth.當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)某人干某事。There is no use crying over spilt milk.He had a good time in travelling abroad this summer vacation.Dont have the dog barking much,Li Lin.If she catches me reading her diary,shell be angry.(3)need/require/want/deservedoing動(dòng)詞ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于to be done。3動(dòng)詞ing作表語(1)動(dòng)詞
7、ing形式作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為;而不定式作表語一般表示具體動(dòng)作,特別是表示將來的動(dòng)作。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。(2)表心理狀態(tài)的interesting,exciting,delighting,disappointing,encouraging,worrying,puzzling,satisfying,surprising,pleasing等作表語時(shí),表示客觀“令人的”;而interested,excited,delighted,disappointed,encouraged,worried,puzzled,satisfied,su
8、rprised,pleased等表示主觀“感到的”。Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅游是令人感興趣的也是累人的。4動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面,表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.我看到一個(gè)小女孩站在金魚池塘前。(2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):with賓語doing(主動(dòng),同時(shí))/being done(正在被),其賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語所表示的動(dòng)作保持邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。With the ch
9、ildren following him,he had to go back to the park.孩子們跟著他,他不得不回到公園。助記:以動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常見動(dòng)詞:make,let,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel等??珊?jiǎn)化為“五讓、三看、兩聽、一注意、一發(fā)現(xiàn)、一感覺”。5動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語(1)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語時(shí),一般放在被修飾詞之前,而ing形式短語作定語時(shí),一般放在被修飾詞之后。如:a waiting room 等候室teaching methods 教學(xué)方法a
10、swimming pool 一個(gè)游泳池a sleeping beauty(a beauty is sleeping) 睡美人a running dog(a dog is running) 奔跑中的狗a dancing girl(a girl is dancing) 跳舞的女孩The man talking with our headmaster is my father.和我們校長談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語,表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),在意思上接近于一個(gè)定語從句,可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,也可表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。如:The car waiting nearby
11、 is a Ford.停在附近的那輛小汽車是福特車。Those wishing to join this club should sign here.想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。特別提示動(dòng)詞ing的完成式不作定語,一定要記住哦!6動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(1)動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語時(shí)總是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,having done表示先于謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Seeing Tom,I couldnt help thinking of his brother.看到湯姆,我不由地想起了他哥哥。Having finished his homework,he went fis
12、hing.做完作業(yè)之后,他就去釣魚了。(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步等狀語。Walking in the street,I saw her.正在街上走著時(shí),我看見了她。(時(shí)間狀語)Not knowing her address or phone number,we couldnt get in touch with her.由于不知道她的地址和電話號(hào)碼,我們無法與她取得聯(lián)系。(原因狀語)She came riding a brandnew bike.她是騎著一輛嶄新的自行車來的。(方式狀語)The fire lasted nearly a week,leaving
13、 nothing valuable.大火持續(xù)了近一周,幾乎沒剩下什么值錢的東西。(結(jié)果狀語)(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致;且必須與句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,分詞表示的動(dòng)作是次要?jiǎng)幼?。有時(shí)可在分詞前面加when,while,if,unless等連接詞。Be careful when(you are) crossing the street.過馬路的時(shí)候要小心。He was very ill while travelling in Africa.他在非洲旅行時(shí)病得很嚴(yán)重。He cannot finish the task on time unless asking
14、 for her help.他無法按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù),除非請(qǐng)求她的幫助。(4)有些現(xiàn)在分詞短語沒有明確的邏輯主語,是固定的結(jié)構(gòu),不受上下文的影響,稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的作狀語的固定短語有:Generally/Frankly/Roughly speaking 一般說來/坦白地說/粗略地說,considering.鑒于/考慮到,judging by/from.從來看,依據(jù)來判斷,supposing/suppose that.假定,providing that.假定,according to.依據(jù),including.包括,owing to.由于,talking/speaking of談及。Frankl
15、y speaking,I dont like the job.坦率地說,我不喜歡這份工作。Judging from his accent,he is from Britain.從他的口音判斷,他是英國人。考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)詞ing形式與不定式的用法比較句法功能動(dòng)詞ing形式不定式例句作主語、表語、賓語的區(qū)別表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用ing形式表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí),多用動(dòng)詞不定式Our job is making steel.(表示抽象動(dòng)作)She likes playing the piano,but she doesnt want to play it today.(表示具體某一次動(dòng)作)作定
16、語的區(qū)別動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)I have three letters to write.(表示將來動(dòng)作)句法功能動(dòng)詞ing形式不定式例句作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成狀態(tài)I hear her singing in the room.(正在進(jìn)行)I hear her sing in the room.(強(qiáng)調(diào)完成狀態(tài))作狀語的區(qū)別表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨情況及自然而然的結(jié)果作目的或結(jié)果狀語(常表示出乎意料的不好的結(jié)果)Not receiving his letter,I wrote to him again.(原因狀語)I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.(目的狀語)