2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 5　Meeting your ancestors 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 We want everyone to respect us.Do we respect everyone around us? The answer is a big NO! We don’t respect __1__we think is better than us, we don’t respect poor and old people, and we don’t respect who we feel is less better __2__ us.So how can we win respect? The easiest way __3__ (gain) respect is by giving respect. Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible.Don’t use bad language.Being __4__ (help) and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and __5__ (win) respect as well.With patience and practice, you can get any kind of virtue. Flowers are the main __6__ (attract) of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life.Life is terrible __7__ respect.Just think whenever you go to a party, everyone there is not treated equally.Do you know why? Because of __8__ (they) manners. Why are we not treated sometimes as __9__ (expect)? Because we do the same to others who have expectations from us.Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect. Without respect, you can’t live.You need respect everywhere, in life, in work, in society or in family.A respected person __10__ (speak) politely. 1．who　空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)是人，we think是插入語(yǔ)，不影響句子結(jié)構(gòu)，故應(yīng)填who。 2．than　根據(jù)空前的better可知，此處為比較級(jí)，故應(yīng)填介詞than。 3．to gain　此處為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞way，故填to gain。 4．helpful　由Being可知，此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞，故填helpful。 5．winning　介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故此處用winning作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。 6．a(chǎn)ttraction　根據(jù)空前的the main和空后的of可推知，此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，故填attraction。 7．without　根據(jù)上文的“respect is the beauty of life”可推知，沒有尊重的生活是可怕的，故用介詞without，后跟名詞respect，表示“沒有尊重”。 8．their　此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞manners，在句子中作定語(yǔ)。 9．expected　as expected為固定搭配，意為“正如期望的那樣”。 10．speaks　全文主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)A respected person為第三人稱單數(shù)意義，故用speaks。 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①interrupt vt.& vi.打斷……講話；打岔 ②assume vt.假定；設(shè)想 assumption n．假定；假設(shè) ③arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n．逮捕；拘留 ④starvation n．挨餓；餓死 starve vi.挨餓；餓死 ⑤accuracy n．精確；準(zhǔn)確 accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的 ⑥messy adj.凌亂的；臟的 mess n．凌亂；臟 ⑦analysis n．分析 analyses pl.analyse vt.分析 ⑧significance n．意義；重要性 significant adj.重要的 ⑨division n．分割；分配；分界線 divide v．分割；劃分；分配 ⑩sharp adj.尖的；鋒利的 sharpen vt.(使)鋒利；清晰 sharpener n．磨具；削具 2．常考詞匯 ①alternative n．可能的選擇 adj.供選擇的；其他的 ②delete vt.刪；刪除 ③accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促進(jìn) ④category n．種類；類別；范疇 ⑤academy n．學(xué)院；學(xué)會(huì) 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．A puter analysis (analyse) blindly pared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.(2017江蘇卷) 2．The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical (天文的；極大的) incidents.But alternative (alternative) explanations are hard to find.(2017江蘇卷) 3．Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is_not_interrupted (not interrupt) too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 4．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation (starve) in the wild.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 5．Our Standard Course guarantees a significant (significance) increase in your confidence in a foreign language，with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas.(2016天津卷) 6．The groundhog still didn’t have a problem with me scratching (scratch) her back，and I got an idea.(2015四川卷) 7．You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need to check the accuracy(accurate) of it.(2015湖南卷) 8．In colonies (群體) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division (divide) of labor.(2015安徽卷) ?－cy名詞后綴(表示“……的性質(zhì)；……的狀態(tài)”)高頻詞速記 ①accuracy 正確，準(zhǔn)確(度)；精確 ②efficiency 效率；效能 ③emergency 緊急情況 ④fluency 流暢，流利 ⑤frequency 屢次，頻率，頻繁 ⑥privacy 隱退，隱避，隱居 ⑦tendency 傾向，趨勢(shì) ?情感態(tài)度族群 ①relief 解除，減輕 ②relieve 使脫離，解脫 ③relax 放松 ④relaxed 放松的 ⑤mood 心情 ⑥hesitate 猶豫 ⑦exhausting 使筋疲力盡的 ⑧guilty 有罪的，犯了錯(cuò)誤的 ⑨calm 平靜的，使平靜 ⑩envy 羨慕，忌妒 ?jealous 妒忌的，吃醋的 ?sympathy 同情 ?take it easy 不要緊張 ?condemn 相關(guān)詞薈萃 ①condemn vt.譴責(zé) ②accuse/charge vt.起訴 ③scold vt.責(zé)罵 ④criticize vt.批評(píng) ⑤punish vt.懲罰 ?“fort”家族 ①fort n．舒適 ②fortable adj.舒適的 ③fortably adv.舒適地 ④unfortable adj.不舒服的 ⑤unfortably adv.不舒服地 ?fortune 相關(guān)詞一覽 (1)①fortune n．運(yùn)氣 ②fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的 ③fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地 ④unfortunate adj.不幸的 ⑤unfortunately adv.不幸地 (2)①luck n．運(yùn)氣 ②lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的 ③luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地 ④unlucky adj.不幸的 ⑤unluckily adv.不幸地 【完形填空】 When my sister Diane began playing the violin，she was seven.How did she sound？Terrible.But she didnt __1__.At twelve，she asked our parents if she could __2__ a fulltime music school.They said no.Actually，everyone agreed that my sister__3__ talent. I was better at my __4__.My teacher had told my parents that I had great__5__.So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to __6__ me.But the only time he was __7__ was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m.. Back then，I was __8__ about the British TV show“The Avengers”，which was__9__ every Saturday at 3 p．m.. I let nothing take up my “The Avengers”hour.So I __10__ this amazing opportunity.Today，I dont even have a__11__ in my house. My sister became an engineer，but she __12__ stopped making music.When she was in her 40s，she switched her __13__.She went back to college，got a(n)__14__ in music education，and became a music teacher.She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never __15__. Recently，she and a pianist pal put on a recital.A big crowd of friends and family __16__ for her.As she played，I looked around at the __17__.Everyone was __18__ enjoying the music.It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7yearold kid making those perfectly__19__ sounds and knew how far she had e，despite__20__. Talent is important.But enthusiasm is even more important. 1．A.advance　　　　　B．quit C．reflect D．listen 2．A.inspect B．open C．a(chǎn)ttend D．visit 3．A.lacked B．spotted C．possessed D．a(chǎn)dmired 4．A.major B．project C．position D．instrument 5．A.patience B．enthusiasm C．potential D．a(chǎn)mbition 6．A.train B．examine C．correct D．challenge 7．A.punctual B．skillful C．occupied D．a(chǎn)vailable 8．A.sensitive B．crazy C．serious D．particular 9．A.filmed B．designed C．a(chǎn)ired D．mented 10．A.jumped at B．turned down C．waited for D．opened up 11．A.tutor B．violin C．musician D．piano 12．A.never B．once C．a(chǎn)lready D．even 13．A.attitude B．career C．plan D．position 14．A.scholarship B．sponsor C．degree D．a(chǎn)ssistant 15．A.provided B．imagined C．received D．expected 16．A.voted B．feared C．stayed up D．turned up 17．A.students B．a(chǎn)udience C．spotlights D．platform 18．A.obviously B．desperately C．a(chǎn)ppropriately D．a(chǎn)nxiously 19．A.booming B．pleasing C．a(chǎn)wful D．powerful 20．A.everything B．something C．everybody D．somebody 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，通過講述妹妹追求夢(mèng)想的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：天賦很重要，但更重要的是熱情。 1．B　根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；結(jié)合本句的“But”表示的轉(zhuǎn)折意義可知，但她沒有放棄(quit)。 2．C　根據(jù)上文可知，盡管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放棄；據(jù)此可以判斷，本句句意為：在十二歲時(shí)，她問父母她是否可以去全日制的音樂學(xué)校上學(xué)。attend school為固定搭配，意為“上學(xué)”。 3．A　根據(jù)上文的“They said no”和父母沒有答應(yīng)讓她去全日制音樂學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)可以判斷，每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天賦，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．D　根據(jù)本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋熃獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，與妹妹相比，“我”更擅長(zhǎng)“我”的樂器。 5．C　根據(jù)下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋焷?lái)教“我”學(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，老師告訴父母說“我”很有潛能(potential)。A項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，B項(xiàng)意為“熱情”，D項(xiàng)意為“抱負(fù)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 6．A　參見上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“培訓(xùn)，教育”；B項(xiàng)意為“檢查”；C項(xiàng)意為“改正”；D項(xiàng)意為“挑戰(zhàn)”。 7．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，鋼琴老師只有每周六下午三點(diǎn)有空。D項(xiàng)意為“有空的”，符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”，B項(xiàng)意為“技術(shù)好的”，C項(xiàng)意為“使用中”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 8．B　根據(jù)本句中的“about the British TV show”可判斷，“我”熱衷于一檔英國(guó)電視節(jié)目。be crazy about為固定搭配，意為“熱衷于”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“敏感的”，C項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)肅的”，D項(xiàng)意為“特別的，尤其的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 9．C　根據(jù)該句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，這檔英國(guó)電視節(jié)目在每周六的下午三點(diǎn)播放。air在本句中意為“播出，播送”，屬于熟詞生義，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“拍電影”，B項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，D項(xiàng)意為“評(píng)論”。 10．B　根據(jù)上文的“I let nothing take up my‘The Avengers hour”可知，“我”不讓任何事情占用“我”看這檔節(jié)目的時(shí)間，據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”拒絕了這一機(jī)會(huì)。B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迫不及待地接受”，C項(xiàng)意為“等待，等候”，D項(xiàng)意為“打開；開發(fā)；展示”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 11．D　根據(jù)本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判斷，由于“我”拒絕了學(xué)鋼琴，所以現(xiàn)在家里甚至一臺(tái)鋼琴也沒有，故D項(xiàng)正確。 12．A　根據(jù)空后兩句可知，“我”妹妹在四十幾歲時(shí)上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂；據(jù)此可知，盡管“我”妹妹成了一名工程師，但是她從未(never)停止對(duì)音樂的追求，故A項(xiàng)正確。 13．B　根據(jù)下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十幾歲時(shí)，她改變了職業(yè)(career)，從工程師成為一名音樂老師，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，C項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，D項(xiàng)意為“地位；職位”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 14．C　根據(jù)句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂，并取得了音樂教育的學(xué)位(degree)，成了一名音樂老師。A項(xiàng)意為“獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”，B項(xiàng)意為“贊助人”，D項(xiàng)意為“助手”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 15．C　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的父母認(rèn)為妹妹沒有音樂天賦，拒絕了妹妹上全日制音樂學(xué)校的請(qǐng)求，據(jù)此可以判斷，妹妹做音樂老師時(shí)，給了孩子們她未曾得到(received)的鼓勵(lì)和支持。A項(xiàng)意為“提供”，B項(xiàng)意為“想象”，D項(xiàng)意為“期望”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 16．D　根據(jù)上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位鋼琴家舉辦了一場(chǎng)演奏會(huì)；據(jù)此可以判斷，朋友和家人們都到場(chǎng)了。A項(xiàng)意為“投票”，B項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，C項(xiàng)意為“熬夜”，D項(xiàng)意為“到達(dá)，露面”。 17．B　根據(jù)下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂；據(jù)此可知，“我”環(huán)顧了四周的觀眾(audience)，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)生”，C項(xiàng)意為“聚光燈”，D項(xiàng)意為“平臺(tái)，講臺(tái)”。 18．A　根據(jù)本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很顯然(obviously)，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂。B項(xiàng)意為“極其”，C項(xiàng)意為“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍保珼項(xiàng)意為“焦虛的；擔(dān)心的；著急地”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 19．C　根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound? Terrible”可知，七歲時(shí)，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迅速發(fā)展的”，B項(xiàng)意為“令人愉快的”，D項(xiàng)意為“有力量的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 20．A　根據(jù)本句中的“and knew how far she had e, despite”并結(jié)合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七歲時(shí)演奏小提琴的糟糕的聲音，只有“我”知道她不顧一切(everything)走了多遠(yuǎn)。 二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) ①cut up 切碎 ②look ahead 向前看；為將來(lái)打算 ③date back to 追溯到…… ④keep out 關(guān)在門外；不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi) ⑤be fed up with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩 ⑥be aware of 知道 2．其他形式 ①regardless of 不管；不顧 ②at most 至多；最多 用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Regardless_of your choice of course，you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.(2016天津卷) 2．I wouldn’t like to work together with him，I am_fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness. 3．Whenever we are in trouble，we must look_ahead and encourage ourselves. 4．Chinese currency can date_back_to two thousand years ago. 5．Cut_up the meat before you put them into the pot. ?with＋名詞“……地”速記 ①with relief 放心地 ②with caution 小心地 ③with certainty 確切地 ④with courage 勇敢地 ⑤with confidence 自信地 ?“厭煩，討厭”一族速記 ①be tired of 厭煩于 ②be bored of 厭倦于 ③be sick of 討厭 ④disgust 使厭煩 ⑤annoying 厭煩的 ⑥troublesome 厭煩的 ?“be＋adj.＋to”結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié) ①be superior to 比……優(yōu)越/年長(zhǎng) ②be senior to...比……年長(zhǎng)/資歷深 ③be junior to...比……年輕/資歷淺 ④be inferior to...次于……；不如…… ⑤be similar to 與……相似 ⑥be familiar to 為……所熟悉 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Yes，indeed，as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 很對(duì)。正如植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果已經(jīng)告訴我們的，這兒四周曾是一個(gè)很大淺水湖的一部分。 句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，意為“正如”。 正如古訓(xùn)所說“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as_the_old_saying_goes. 2.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！ 此句用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if only...意為“要是……就好了”。 今年春節(jié)全家能團(tuán)圓就好了！ If_only_the_whole_family_could_be_united during the Spring Festival this year！ 3.Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna. 她突然坐了下來(lái)，結(jié)果被愛吵鬧的妹妹露娜一把抱了起來(lái)。 only to do sth.“不料；結(jié)果……”，動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料不到的情況。 他匆匆忙忙地趕往劇院，結(jié)果被告知票已賣完。 He hurried to the theatre，only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. He always smile politely at me, make me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more，honest is his good manner—he never lies me.In addition，he is the caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have in trouble. The second reason is that Petou is really excellently.He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much. To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and him.I really like him. 【答案】　 Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is he has a very warm personality. He always politely at me， me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more， is his good manner—he never lies me.In addition，he is caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have trouble. The second reason is that Petou is really .He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much. To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and .I really like him. 第一處：are→is。考查主謂一致。whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是代詞“one”，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 第二處：because→that?？疾槊~性從句。主語(yǔ)為名詞reason，表語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞要用that。 第三處：smile→smiles?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由后文“which makes me”可知，主句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 第四處：make→making?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make與前面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間無(wú)連詞，故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 第五處：honest→honesty。考查名詞。形容詞不能作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用名詞。 第六處：lies后加to?？疾楣潭ㄓ梅?。lie to sb.意為“對(duì)某人說謊”。 第七處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。此處表示他是一個(gè)熱心并且有同情心的人，表示泛指，應(yīng)該用不定冠詞。 第八處：刪除in?？疾榻樵~。句意：無(wú)論何時(shí)我有困難，他都愿意幫助我。have trouble意為“有困難”，in多余。 第九處：excellently→excellent?？疾樾稳菰~。作is的表語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用形容詞。 第十處：him→me。考查代詞。Petou能幫助別人也能幫助我。