2020版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 Great scientists課時作業(yè)（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

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Unit1 Great scientists Ⅰ.閱讀理解 MarieTharpwasborninYpsilanti,MichiganonJuly30,1920,intoamappingfamily.HerfatherWilliamEdgarTharp,wasasoilsurveyorfortheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,andtheTharpswenttowhereverhisworktookhim.MsTharponcesaidthatbythetimeshegraduatedfromhighschool,shehadattendedtwodozenpublicschoolsacrossthecountry. Shereceivedabachelor??sdegreeinEnglishandmusicfromOhioUniversityin1943,followedthenextyearbyamaster??sdegreeingeologyfromtheUniversityofMichigan.WhileworkingasageologistforanoilcompanyinOklahoma,MsTharpearnedadegreeinmathematicsfromtheUniversityofTulsain1948.Thatyear,shejoinedColumbiaUniversity??sgeologydepartmentasaresearchassistanttothewell-knownscientistMauriceEwing.Bruce C.Heezen,whowentontobecomealeadinggeologistandoceanographer,wasagraduatestudentthere,andheandMsTharpwouldsharetheirprofessionalandpersonallivesforthenextthreedecades. Beforethemid-20thcentury,littlewasknownabouttheoceanbottom.In1949,MrEwingandhisteamstartedaquesttomaptheseafloorusingsonarsoundings(聲吶探測).Becausearesearchshipwasconsiderednofitplaceforawoman,MsTharp,workingwithpenandruler,plottedthedatabackinPalisades.WithMrHeezen,MsTharpcompiledthefirstcomprehensivemapoftheentireoceanbottom,sheddinglightonahiddenworldofhugecracksandvalleys,andvolcanicrangesstretchingforthousandsofmiles.Itwaspublishedin1977. InhisbookTheMapmakers,JohnNobleWilford,asciencereporter,describedtheirachievementthisway: “Likeotherpioneeringmaps,theonebyHeezenandTharpisnotcompleteandnotalwayscompletelyaccurate.Itis,however,oneofthemostremarkableachievementsinmoderncartography(制圖學(xué)).Itisthesummaryofmorethanacenturyofoceanographiceffort.” MsTharp??sworkinplottingtheocean??sbottomwouldalsohelpgainacceptanceforthetheoryofcontinentaldrift(大陸漂移),whichwasstillanunpopulartheorywhensheandMrHeezenbegantheircooperationinthelate1940s. 1.WhatdowelearnabouttheTharpfamily? A.Theylovedtravelling. B.Theymovedtoooften. C.Theywerequitewealthy. D.Theyfarmedforaliving. 2.WhendidTharpstarttoworkwithHeezen? A.In1943. B.In1944. C.In1948. D.In1949. 3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthemapinParagraph3? A.Itwascompletedonaresearchship. B.Itwentagainstthetheoryofcontinentaldrift. C.Itwasaimedatprotectingnaturalhabitatsontheseafloor. D.ItwasbasedonEwingandhisteam??sstudies. 4.HowdidWilfordlookatthemap? A.Headmiredit. B.Hetoleratedit. C.Hewascautiousaboutit. D.Hewasdoubtfulaboutit. Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Technologicalinnovation(創(chuàng)新)maynotgiveyouawarmfeeling.　1　Messagingappsareexamplesoftechnologythatarehelpingbringpeopletogether.It??sreadytocontinueimprovingourlivesasinnovationallowstechnologytoreallyunderstandhowwelive. 　2　 Someofthemostpopularandwidelyadoptedinnovationsmakethingswe??realreadydoingeasier.Awell-designedpieceoftechnologycantransformsomethingthatconsumestimeintoaworry-freeswipeofyourfinger,givingyoumoretimetospendwithfriendsandfamily. Provingthatyoureallyareyou Developerskeepfindingnewandbrilliantwaystoproveouridentitiesonline.Withfingerprintsandvoicerecognition,technologykeepsgettingbetteratprovingwearewhowesayweare.　3　.Themoretrustwehave,theeasieritwillbetofullyembracetheempoweringaspectsoffintech(金融科技)andhavingcontrolofourfinancialdata. Helpingmakegoodideasareality Crowdfunding(眾籌)technologykeepsbreakingdownbarriersthatmayhavepreviouslykeptgoodideasfrombeingrealized.Here??showitworks:youpitch(拋)yourprojecttopeoplethroughanonlineplatform.　4　.Byconnectingdreamersandinventorstoanewtypeofcapital,technologyisgivingmorecreativeideastheiropportunitytobecomeareality. Addingevenmorequalitytoqualitytime Astechnologycontinuesimproving,itbecomeseasiertobuildandmaintainaconnectionwithsomeonewhoisn??tinthesamelocationasyou.　5　.Andthinkabouthowgreatitwillbewhenyoucaninteractwithyourfriendsandrelativesinvirtualreality.Itwillbethenextbestthingtobeingtogetherinperson. A.Sparingsometimetomakeresearches B.Freeingupmoretimeforfriendsandfamily C.However,whenatitsbest,itopensoureyestomanythings D.Actually,itcandowonderstodeepenourinterpersonalconnections E.Thattechnologycanmakeiteasiertotrusttheconnectionswemakeonline F.Iftheyareinterestedinyourproject,theydonatemoneytofundyourproject G.Thinkabouthowmucheasieritistoconnectviavideoconferencingthanbefore Ⅲ.完形填空 AboutsixyearsagoIwasgoingthroughatoughtime,tryingtoworktwojobstoaffordmyrent.OnacoldSundaymorning,IwenttoGameStop—avideogameretailer(零售商),to　1　thegameI??dreserved.AwomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledmewhenI　2　thestore.Thoughitwasinbroaddaylight,Iwas　3　andkeptsomedistancewhenIwalkedover.Shesaidshecouldn??twalkand　4　metopurchaseaKinect,apopulargame,forherasher　5　Christmasgift.Duetoherlegdiseaseitwas　6　forhertomovearound.Shecalledaheadbuttheemployeewasn??twillingto　7　.Shegavemeabout$100incashandhercreditcard. IwalkedbackinandboughttheKinect.Thenitoccurredtomethatthiswoman,acompletestranger,　8　me.Whatwasitthatstoppedmefromlyingaboutthepaymentmethodandjust　9　hercash?Shecouldn??tknowIwasn??ta　10　;andhowcouldshepossiblyhavesomuch　11　someone? Ihandedherthecashback,　12　Ihadtopaywithhercard—itwasabove$100atthetime,andhandedoverthe　13　andhercreditcard. “Thisiswhatmyson??sbeenlongingfor.Thankyou!Bytheway,justfrom　14　atyou,Iknowyouaretheonewho??llbeafriendtosomeone　15　.Youhaveafaceofanangel!”shesaid.Shegaveme$10and　16　totakeitback.Thenshe　17　,saying “MerryChristmas!” Shehadnoideahowmuchofa　18　even$10made.Iwasabletobuyafewcheapgroceriesfortheweekanditreallymadea　19　timeinmylifealittlebetter.ShemaythinkIhelpedher;　20　,Itrulyfeelliketheonewhowasbeinggiftedsomethingamazing. 1.A.donate B.cancel C.win D.return 2.A.kept B.approached C.decorated D.exited 3.A.shy B.crazy C.disappointed D.positive 4.A.forbade B.encouraged C.requested D.allowed 5.A.own B.employer??s C.husband??s D.son??s 6.A.painful B.convenient C.funny D.secure 7.A.order B.share C.help D.pay 8.A.fooled B.trusted C.inspired D.annoyed 9.A.throwing B.tearing C.pocketing D.losing 10.A.videomaker B.porter C.gameseller D.cheat 11.A.patiencewith B.faithin C.respectfor D.mercyon 12.A.arguing B.lying C.promising D.explaining 13.A.game B.cheque C.ticket D.change 14.A.laughing B.glancing C.yelling D.pointing 15.A.inneed B.inpublic C.inreturn D.indanger 16.A.offered B.managed C.refused D.decided 17.A.cameover B.droveaway C.felldown D.pulledup 18.A.difference B.living C.bargain D.profit 19.A.happy B.carefree C.confusing D.hard 20.A.finally B.therefore C.however D.otherwise 課時作業(yè)(二十一) Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了美國著名女科學(xué)家Marie Tharp的故事。 1.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Her father William Edgar Tharp, was a soil surveyor for the United States Department of Agriculture, and the Tharps went to wherever his work took him. Ms Tharp once said that by the time she graduated from high school, she had attended two dozen public schools across the country.”可推知,由于父親工作的關(guān)系,Tharp一家經(jīng)常搬家,故選B。 2.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“While working as a geologist for an oil company in Oklahoma, Ms Tharp earned a degree in mathematics from the University of Tulsa in 1948.”和對本段內(nèi)容的整體理解可知,Tharp 和 Heezen是從1948年開始一起共事的,故選C。 3.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“In 1949, Mr Ewing and his team started a quest to map the sea floor using sonar soundings (聲吶探測).”和對本段的整體理解可推知,Tharp所繪制的海底地圖是基于Ewing和他的團隊的研究而形成的,故選D。 4.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Wilford 的描述“‘It is, however, one of the most remarkable achievements in modern cartography(制圖學(xué)).’”可推知,Wilford對這樣的地圖給予了高度評價,故選A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新可能不會給你一種溫暖的感覺。事實上,它能創(chuàng)造奇跡。創(chuàng)新讓科技真正了解我們的生活方式。創(chuàng)新讓我們騰出更多的時間給朋友和家人,證明自己的身份,把好主意變成現(xiàn)實。創(chuàng)新讓我們的生活更加方便。 1.D　根據(jù)下文“Messaging apps are examples of technology that are helping bring people together. It??s ready to continue improving our lives as innovation allows technology to really understand how we live.” 可知,科技可以創(chuàng)造奇跡,加深我們的人際關(guān)系,故選D。 2.B　根據(jù)對本段的整體理解可知,本段主要講述創(chuàng)新使我們做的事情變得更容易,讓我們有更多的時間和朋友、家人在一起,這與B項內(nèi)容吻合,故選B。 3.E　承接上句“With fingerprints and voice recognition, technology keeps getting better at proving we are who we say we are.”可知,隨著指紋和語音識別技術(shù)的不斷完善,科技讓我們更善于證明自己的身份,由此可推知,這種技術(shù)可以使我們更容易信任我們在網(wǎng)上建立的聯(lián)系,故選E項。 4.F　根據(jù)下文“By connecting dreamers and inventors to a new type of capital, technology is giving more creative ideas their opportunity to become a reality.”可知,如果人們感興趣就可以給這些項目投資,從而使這些創(chuàng)造性的想法變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實,故選F。 5.G　根據(jù)下文“And think about how great it will be when you can interact with your friends and relatives in virtual reality.”以及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知選項G符合語境,故選G。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者在窮困潦倒時幫助他人,事實上也幫助了自己的故事。 1.B　根據(jù)上文“About six years ago I was going through a tough time, trying to work two jobs to afford my rent.”可知,作者處境艱難,因此去零售商那里取消自己的訂單,故選B。donate捐獻;cancel取消;win贏得;return返回,歸還。 2.D　根據(jù)下文“I walked back in and bought the Kinect.”可推知,當(dāng)時作者要離開商店,故選D。keep保持,保留;approach靠近;decorate裝飾;exit退出,離開。 3.A　根據(jù)語境“Though it was in broad daylight, I was…and kept some distance when I walked over.”可推知,盡管是大白天,作者走過去時,還是有點害羞,并保持一定距離,故選A。shy害羞的;crazy瘋的,瘋狂的;disappointed失望的;positive積極的,樂觀的。 4.C　根據(jù)語境“She said she couldn??t walk…”可推知,那位女士因為無法行走而請求作者幫忙,故選C。forbid禁止;encourage鼓勵;request請求,要求;allow允許。 5.D　根據(jù)下文“‘This is what my son??s been longing for.’”可知,那位女士要給自己的兒子買一款游戲作為圣誕禮物,故選D。own自己的;employ??s 老板的;husband??s 丈夫的;son??s兒子的。 6.A　根據(jù)語境“Due to her leg disease…”可推知,由于腿疾,女士走路時會很痛苦,故選A。painful痛苦的,疼的;convenient便利的,方便的;funny搞笑的;secure安全的。 7.C　根據(jù)語境可知,女士由于腿疾,提前打了電話,但店員不愿意幫忙,所以她只好求助作者,與下文“She may think I helped her…”呼應(yīng),故選C。order命令;share分享;help幫助;pay付錢。 8.B　根據(jù)語境a complete stranger可推知,作者對這個陌生人居然相信自己感到有些意外,與下文“What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and just…h(huán)er cash?”呼應(yīng),故選B。fool愚弄,欺騙;trust信任;inspire激勵;annoy惹惱。 9.C　根據(jù)語境“…stopped me from lying about the payment method…”可推知,作者在納悶自己為什么沒有把女士的現(xiàn)金據(jù)為己有,故選C。throw扔;tear撕開;pocket將……據(jù)為己有;lose丟失。 10.D　與上文“…lying about the payment method…”呼應(yīng)可推知,那位女士并不了解作者,也不知道作者可能是個騙子,會騙走她的錢,故選D。video maker電子游戲制造者;porter雜務(wù)工,服務(wù)員;game seller游戲銷售者;cheat騙子。 11.B　根據(jù)上文“What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and just…h(huán)er cash?”可推知,作者納悶?zāi)俏慌繛槭裁慈绱诵刨囈粋€陌生人,故選B。have patience with對……有耐心;have faith in對……信任;have respect for對……尊重;have mercy on對……仁慈。 12.D　根據(jù)語境“…I had to pay with her card— it was above $100 at the time…”可推知,作者歸還現(xiàn)金,使用了信用卡支付,作者對此進行了解釋和說明,故選D。argue爭論;lie撒謊;promise承諾,允諾;explain解釋。 13.A　根據(jù)語境可知,作者把幫女士購買的游戲和信用卡交給了她,故選A。game游戲;cheque支票;ticket票據(jù);change變化,零錢。 14.B　根據(jù)下文“‘You have a face of an angel!’…”可推知,女士說瞥一眼就知道作者是一個值得信賴的、可以成為朋友的人,故選B。laugh笑;glance瞥;yell叫喊;point指。 15.A　根據(jù)下文“‘You have a face of an angel!’…”可推知,那位女士對作者的人品進行了充分的肯定,故選A。in need需要幫助;in public公開地;in return作為回報;in danger處于危險中。 16.C　根據(jù)下文“I was able to buy a few cheap groceries for the week and it really made a…time in my life a little better.”可推知,那位女士給了作者10美元并拒絕收回,故選C。offer提供;manage管理;refuse拒絕;decide決定。 17.B　與上文“A woman in a car parked outside called me when I…the store.”呼應(yīng)可推知,那位女士接著就驅(qū)車離開了,故選B。come over過來;drive away驅(qū)車離開;fall down跌倒;pull up慢慢停下來,拔起。 18.A　make a difference意為“有作用,有影響”,與下文“I was able to buy a few cheap groceries for the week and it really made a…time in my life a little better.”呼應(yīng),故選A。difference差異;living生計;bargain便宜貨,交易;profit利潤。 19.D　與上文 “About six years ago I was going through a tough time, trying to work two jobs to afford my rent.”呼應(yīng)可知,那位女士的饋贈會讓當(dāng)時處境艱難的作者好過許多,故選D。happy開心的;carefree無憂無慮的;confusing令人困惑的;hard艱難的,硬的。 20.C　根據(jù)語境可知,上下句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選C。finally最終;therefore因此;however然而;otherwise否則。