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專題十　復合句 真 題 試 做 (A)1.(xx宜賓中考改編)Thats the boy ______ won the first prize in the competition yesterday. A.who B.which C.whom D.where (B)2.(xx宜賓中考改編)Do you know ______？ A.how old is he B.how old he is C.he is how old D.how much is it (D)3.(xx安徽中考)—I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. —Because she always cares much about others. A.whether B.how C.when D.why (A)4.(xx北京中考)—Alice, could you tell me ______ London? —Sure.Last Sunday. A.when Mr.Smith left B.when Mr.Smith will leave C.when did Mr.Smith leave D.when will Mr.Smith leave (A)5.(xx廣東中考)—Could you tell me ______ youd like me to pay you? —Youd better use mobile payment.I dont care ______ it is Alipay or WeChat Pay. A.how；whether B.how；why C.what；whether D.what；why 考向歸結 在近年的中考中,對復合句的考查主要面向：1.賓語從句(引導詞、語序、時態(tài))；2.定語從句(關系詞的選用)；3.狀語從句(時間、地點、原因、目的等)。 考 點 突 破 　賓語從句 在復合句中,放在動詞或者介詞后面起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句。 1.賓語從句的引導詞 引導詞 例句 當由陳述句充當賓語從句時,用that引導；that無意義時,可省略 We found (that) mom had known the secret.我們發(fā)現媽媽知道了那個秘密。 當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時,用whether,if 引導 The boy asked his mom if he could drink cola.男孩問他的媽媽他是否能喝可樂。 當特殊疑問句充當賓語從句時,用what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose等特殊疑問詞引導 Do you know who he is looking for? 你知道他在找誰嗎？ Just watch what he does.只是看看他做什么。 　　2.賓語從句的語序 無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都要用陳述句語序,其構成是：主句＋引導詞＋陳述句語序(主謂語序)。如： We dont know where he lives.我們不知道他住在哪里。 Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里嗎？ 3.賓語從句的時態(tài) 在賓語從句中,謂語動詞的時態(tài)要和主句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)保持一致,其一般規(guī)律為： 規(guī)律 例句 主過從過：主句中的謂語動詞如果是一般過去時,從句中的謂語動詞要用相對應的過去時態(tài) The police asked the boy where his mom was.警察問男孩他媽媽在哪兒。 主現從不限：主句中的謂語動詞如果是一般現在時,從句中的謂語動詞可以用任何時態(tài) We dont know when he was born.我們不知道他生于何時。 真理不變：如果從句所說的是客觀真理或事實,從句中的謂語動詞則要用一般現在時 The old told us the earth goes round the sun.老人告訴我們地球圍繞太陽轉。 　　4.賓語從句與簡單句的轉換 由連接代詞或連接副詞what,how,where等引導的賓語從句可轉換為“疑問詞＋不定式”結構。如： She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.＝She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.她還沒決定去哪里度假。 Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? ＝Could you tell me how to make fruit salad? 你能告訴我怎么做水果沙拉嗎？ 　定語從句 在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞,定語從句放在先行詞的后面。關系代詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起連接作用,同時又在定語從句中充當句子成分。引導定語從句的關系詞有： 關系代詞：who,whom,that,whose,which；關系副詞：when,where,why。如： The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我們隔壁的那個人是個警察。 1.關系詞的選用 先行詞和引導詞 例句 先行詞指人時,引導詞通常用who(作主語或賓語),whom(作賓語),that (作主語或賓語)；that作主語時不能省略,作賓語時可以省略 Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize.吉米就是那個獲得一等獎的人。(who/that作主語,不能省略) The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our headteacher.我們大家都喜歡的人是我們的班主任。 (that/who/whom作賓語,可省略) 先行詞指物時,可用that/which(作主語/賓語)引導；若前面有介詞時,只能用which The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的書是我的。(that/which作主語,不能省略) This is the park (that/which) we visited last week.這是上周我們游玩的公園。(that/which作賓語,可省略) The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用來切蘋果的那把刀很鋒利。(介詞＋which) 先行詞與定語從句中某個名詞有所屬關系,表示“……的”時,要用關系代詞whose作定語 The math book whose cover is red is hers.那本紅色封面的數學書是她的。 先行詞為表示時間的詞,且在定語從句中作時間狀語時,常用關系副詞when I will never forget the days when we studied together in America.我永遠不會忘記我們一起在美國學習的那些日子。 先行詞為表示地點的詞,且在定語從句中作地點狀語時,常用關系副詞where We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我們在初次相遇的城市里待了兩周。 先行詞為reason(原因),且在從句中作原因狀語時,要用關系副詞why Nobody knows the reason why she left this company.沒有人知道她離開這家公司的原因。 　　注意：關系副詞when,where只能在從句中作狀語,不可充當主語或賓語。 2.只能用關系代詞that的情況 類別 例句 先行詞前面有形容詞最高級時 The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引領的最為人們熟知的時尚潮流就是短發(fā)。 先行詞為all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被其修飾時 Please move out all the desks that are old.請把所有舊桌子搬出去。 Is there anything that I can do for you？我可以為您做些什么嗎？ 先行詞被序數詞修飾時 The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們要做的第一件事就是獲得一些食物。 先行詞前有the one,the only,the last,the very,the same 等詞修飾時 The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我現在唯一想做的事就是大吃一頓。 先行詞同時包含人和物時 I can see many people and buildings that are reflected on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出許多的人和建筑。 主句是who或which引導的特殊疑問句時 Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？剛剛和你說話的那個女孩是誰？ 　　3.只用which引導的定語從句,不用that的情況 關系代詞前有介詞時(of,for,with,in,on…)。如： I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.我想找到我用來寫信的鋼筆。 4.只用who引導的定語從句,不用that的情況 (1)當先行詞為everyone,someone,no one,nobody,everybody,somebody等表示人的不定代詞時。如： Is there anyone who can answer the question？有人可以回答這個問題嗎？ (2)當先行詞為those時。如： Those who take a walk in the park are almost old people.在公園里散步的人幾乎都是老人。 　狀語從句 在復合句中,作狀語成分的從句叫狀語從句,常見的狀語從句可分為：時間、原因、條件、方式、讓步、比較、結果、目的等從句(見連詞用法)。 1.時間狀語從句 時間狀語從句的引導詞有when(當……時),as (當……時),while(當……時),till/until(直到……),since(自從……以來),before(在……之前),after (在……之后),as soon as(一……就……)等。 引導詞 意義 例句 when (當……時) when引導的時間狀語從句中既可接延續(xù)性動詞,也可接非延續(xù)性動詞,多用一般過去時 They were talking happily when I walked past the door.當我走過那扇門時,他們正在愉快地談話。 續(xù)表 引導詞 意義 例句 while (當……時) while強調主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生,所引導的時間狀語從句只能用延續(xù)性動詞,且多用進行時態(tài) My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.當我正在做作業(yè)時,我媽媽正在做飯。 as (當……時) 強調從句動作伴隨主句動作發(fā)生,所引導的從句中既可接延續(xù)性動詞,也可接非延續(xù)性動詞 As they walked along the lake,they sang happily.當他們沿湖散步時,他們快樂地唱歌。 before (在……之前) before引導的從句表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前 We turned off the light before we left.我們在離開前關了燈。 after (在……之后) after引導的從句表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后 He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡覺了。 as soon as (一……就……) as soon as表示“一……就……”,若主句為一般將來時,從句常用一般現在時表將來 I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new pair.等我一買到新鞋我就會把這雙破的鞋扔掉。 　　2.原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句的引導詞有because(因為),since(因為；既然),as(因為；由于),for(因為)等。如： He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天沒來上學,因為他生病了。 Since you are free,you can help him.既然你沒什么事,你可以幫幫他。 David just waited there as he didnt know what to do.因為不知道該做什么,戴維就等在那兒。 The Smiths had to start early,for there was a long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早動身,因為還有很長的路要走。 注意：because和so不能同時使用。 3.條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句的引導詞有if(如果),unless(除非；如果……不)等。 引導詞 規(guī)律 例句 if 如果, 主將從現 He will return if he finds the truth.如果他發(fā)現真相,他就會返回。 unless 除非, 主將從現 You will fail the test unless you study hard.除非你努力學習,否則你將考試不及格。 　　4.地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句的引導詞有where(哪里),wherever(無論哪里)。如： Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空氣非常清新的地方。 Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.無論你去哪兒,我都會在這兒等你。 5.比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句的引導詞有as…as…(和……一樣……),than(比)等。如： Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。 6.目的狀語從句 目的狀語從句的引導詞有so that(以便),in order that(為了)等。如： He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboard clearly.他站起來,以便能清楚地看到黑板。 7.結果狀語從句 結果狀語從句的引導詞有so…that…/such…that…(如此……以至于……)等。 引導詞 結構 例句 so…that… so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句 She is so beautiful that we all like her.她如此漂亮以至于我們都喜歡她。 such…that… such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數名詞單數＋that從句 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是如此聰明的男孩,以至于每個人都喜歡他。 續(xù)表 引導詞 結構 例句 such…that… such＋形容詞＋不可數名詞＋that從句 Its such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天氣如此好以至于我們都想去爬山。 such＋形容詞＋名詞復數＋that從句 They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.那些花如此好看以至于那個女孩把它們都買了。 　　注意：(1)當名詞前有much,many,little,few等詞修飾時,只能用so。如： There is so much water left that its enough for a sevenday trip.所剩的水還很多,足夠維持7天的旅程。 (2)當little意為“小”時,仍用such。如： Its such a little sheep that we are worried about whether it can survive the winter.這只羊這么小,我們都擔心它是否能熬過冬天。 8.讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句的引導詞有though/although(雖然),even though/if(即使；盡管)等。如： Although/Though shes not beautiful,shes kind and sincere.雖然不漂亮,但她善良而真誠。 注意：although/though不能和but連用。 小 試 牛 刀 (A)1.(xx北部灣中考)As soon as she ______ in Nanning, she will call you. A.arrives B.arrive C.will arrive D.arrived (A)2.(xx玉林中考)—Who got the Firstever Friendship Medal(友誼勛章) of China? —Its Putin______ everybody knows so well in the world. A.whom B.what C.which D.whose (A)3.(xx玉林中考)—Here are the jobs for you, young man. —Thank you.Could I choose ______？ A.what I like to do most B.what I liked to do most C.what do I like to do most D.what did I like to do most (C)4.(xx河南中考)Anyone who is a server or ______ has been one knows that customers always come first. A.whom B.what C.who D.which (A)5.(xx河南中考)—Excuse me.Do you know ______？ —Sorry,I dont know,either. A.how to check out a book B.when will the concert begin C.that there is a bank near here D.how long the meeting would last (A)6.(xx哈爾濱中考改編)—Qingdao is the most beautiful city ______ Ive ever been to. —So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year. A.that B.which C.what D.who (D)7.(xx隨州中考)—What did Tom say to you just now, John? —He asked ______. A.why I am so happy today B.who did I play football with after school C.what will I do for the weekend D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight (C)8.(xx隨州中考)—What are you looking for? —Im looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week. A.who B.what C.that D.when (A)9.(xx吉林中考改編)—Excuse me,I wonder ______ the plane can land on time. —Wait a minute, please.Let me check it out. A.if B.which C.that D.who (B)10.(xx遂寧中考)If it ______ sunny, we ______ camping this weekend. A.get； will go B.gets；will go C.gets；go D.will get；go