高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試 第一篇 第一章 完形填空 第一節(jié) 巧用上下文語境課件
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1、第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第一節(jié)巧用上下文語境第一節(jié)巧用上下文語境所謂語境,就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填所謂語境,就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空試題中,語境題是考查考生感知語言材料時(shí)所具空試題中,語境題是考查考生感知語言材料時(shí)所具備的基礎(chǔ)知識、閱讀能力、思維判斷能力的綜合性備的基礎(chǔ)知識、閱讀能力、思維判斷能力的綜合性試題,要求考生在解答試題時(shí),以語篇為根本,根試題,要求考生在解答試題時(shí),以語篇為根本,根據(jù)試題所處的語言環(huán)境來作出正確的判斷與選擇。據(jù)試題所處的語言環(huán)境來作出正確的判斷與選擇。該類題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行該類題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行
2、分析、推理、判斷的能力。分析、推理、判斷的能力。在高考完形填空試題中,語境題所占比例最大,在高考完形填空試題中,語境題所占比例最大,約在約在50%以上??疾閷唧w語境的理解是近幾年全以上??疾閷唧w語境的理解是近幾年全國各省市高考完形填空的最大特點(diǎn),充分體現(xiàn)了高國各省市高考完形填空的最大特點(diǎn),充分體現(xiàn)了高考考“突出語境、淡化語法突出語境、淡化語法”的改革思路和命題精神。的改革思路和命題精神。例例1 Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks_1_than words.Accordin
3、g to specialists,our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.In fact,nonverbal communication(非言語交際非言語交際) takes up about 50% of what we really _3_And body language is particularly _4_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures(文化文化)What is called body language is so much,a part of us that its act
4、ually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.一、根據(jù)上文語境考查下文語境一、根據(jù)上文語境考查下文語境1A.straighter Blouder Charder Dfurther2A.sands BinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages3A.hope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean4A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult 1解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“Body language is the quiet,secre
5、t and most powerful language of all!”可知??芍?。答案:答案:B2解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“It speaks _1_than w o r d s . ” 及 下 文及 下 文 “ I n f a c t , n o n v e r b a l communication takes up about 50% of what we really _3_”可知。可知。答案:答案:D3解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“It speaks _1_ than words.According to specialists,our bodies send out mor
6、e _2_than we realize.”可知。可知。答案:答案:D4解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!”可知??芍?。答案:答案:C例例2 Around twenty years ago I was living in York.Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree,I could not find satisfying work.I was driving a school bus to m
7、ake ends meet and living with a friend of mine,for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面試面試) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not get the job.“Why has my life become so _?”I thought painfully.Ahard BbusyCserious Dshort 根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“I could not find satis
8、fying work.to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine,for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面試面試)with company and.they called to say I did not get the job.”可可知知,生活艱難生活艱難(hard)。解析:解析:答案:答案:A例例1 I wasnt the only one “new” at the game,so I decided to _on learning the game,do my
9、best at each practice session,and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt know “just yet”Afocus BactCrely Dtry二、利用下文語境考查上文語境二、利用下文語境考查上文語境 根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“do my best at each practice session”可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球,把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上,故選故選A。focus on“把精力集中到把精力集中到上上”;act on“按照按照而行動而行動”;rely on
10、“依賴依賴”;try on“試穿試穿”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有focus on才能和才能和learning the game連用。連用。解析:解析:答案:答案:A例例2 Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!.For example,different societies treat the_1_between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact(接觸接觸) even with
11、friends,certainly not with strangers.People from Latin American countries on the other hand, touch each other quite a lot.Therefore,its possible that in conversation it may look like a Latino is _3_a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino,trying to express friendship,will keep moving _4_The Norwegia
12、n,very probably seeing this as pushiness,will keep backing away which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.1A.trade BdistanceCconnections Dgreetings2A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone3A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing4A.closer BfasterCin Daway 1解析:解析:根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“Northern Europeans usually
13、do not like having_2_contact.touch each other quite a lot.”可知可知,應(yīng)選應(yīng)選distance。答案:答案:B2解析:解析:根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“People from Latin American countries on the other hand,touch each other quite a lot.”可知可知,指身體的指身體的(bodily)接觸。接觸。答案:答案:C 3解析:解析:根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“The Latino,trying to express friendship.which the Latino will in
14、 return regard as coldness.”可知。句意:因此可知。句意:因此,在談話時(shí)在談話時(shí),就有可能看起來好像一個(gè)就有可能看起來好像一個(gè)Latino跟著跟著(following)一一個(gè)個(gè)Norwegian在屋里團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)在屋里團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。答案:答案:D4解析:解析:根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“The Norwegian,very probably seeing this as pushiness”可知可知,應(yīng)選應(yīng)選closer。答案:答案:A例例1 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining,construct
15、ion,and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸藥炸藥).the article read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel,who became _by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before,died yesterday.”.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.Afamous BsickCrich Dpopular三、考查對上下文語境的綜合理解三、考查對上下文語境的綜合理解 由
16、首句由首句“became a millionaire”和和后文后文“give the largest part of his money”可知可知,此空應(yīng)選此空應(yīng)選C。解析:解析:答案:答案:C例例2 The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example,people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreign
17、er.In one study,shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)_Tshirt than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words.Aexpensive BplainCcheap Dstrange 根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also impor
18、tant.”及下文及下文“than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words”可知可知,應(yīng)選與,應(yīng)選與offensive words相對的相對的plain(素色的素色的,無裝飾的無裝飾的,樸素的樸素的)。解析:解析:答案:答案:B利用上下文語境解答下列完形填空題。利用上下文語境解答下列完形填空題。(一一)Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience. I tried to find a _1_ position and thought it might be
19、restful,just kind of nice,to be_2_ around for a while.Looking around,I _3_ I would have to handle the thing myself!u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練1A.flexible BsafeCstarting Dcomfortable2A.shown BpushedCdriven DGuided3A.realized Bsuggested Cagreed Dadmitted1解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“sitting in wheelchair”可知可知此處意為此處意為“我試著找一個(gè)比較舒服的姿勢我試
20、著找一個(gè)比較舒服的姿勢”。答案:答案:D2解析:解析:根據(jù)上文中的根據(jù)上文中的 wheelchair 可知選可知選pushed,be pushed around表示表示“被別人推著到處轉(zhuǎn)被別人推著到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)”。答案:答案:B3解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“restful,just kind of nice”及下文及下文“I would have to handle the things myself!”可知作者意識到可知作者意識到(realize)事情并不像自己想的那樣事情并不像自己想的那樣。答案:答案:A (二二) I fell in love with Yosemite National
21、Park the first time I saw it.When I was 13,my parents took us there for camping.On the way out,I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan,a huge rock of 3,300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion(鐘愛鐘愛)ever since_ t
22、he rocks and mountains of Yosemite. Ive long made Yosemite my home. As a rockclimbing guide,I knew nothing about organizing any big event.But in 2004,together with some climbers.Aimagining BpaintingCdescribing Dclimbing解析:解析:根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb i
23、t”及下及下文文“As a rockclimbing guide”可知可知,從那時(shí)以從那時(shí)以來來,攀巖攀巖(climbing)和爬山成了我的鐘愛和爬山成了我的鐘愛。答案:答案:D (三三)Rules help us live together in harmony,because they show us the right way to treat others.However,some people argue that rules may be _,having observed that rules change all the time,and that some schools h
24、ave some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right?Adisgusting BconfusingCunsafe Dunimportant解析:解析:根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“.rules change all the time,and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right?”可知應(yīng)選可知應(yīng)選confusing(令令人困
25、惑的人困惑的)。答案:答案:B (四四)But the phone didnt work,and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway,he was_1_by a wall of flames.Sibson realized he was trapped(困困住住)Sibsons house was three kilometers _2_the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be_3_1A.burned Bstop
26、pedCshocked Dcovered2A.beside BoffCacross Dalong3A.limited BfalseCfruitless Dregretful1解析:解析:從下文的從下文的“Sibson realized he was trapped.”可知他被火墻可知他被火墻“攔住了攔住了”。答案:答案:B2解析:解析:從下文的從下文的“and was so well hidden by trees”可知可知Sibson的房子應(yīng)該的房子應(yīng)該“遠(yuǎn)離遠(yuǎn)離”主干道。主干道。答案:答案:B3解析:解析:從上文的從上文的“Sibsons house was off the main ro
27、ad,so well hidden by trees”可知呼救是可知呼救是“沒沒有結(jié)果的有結(jié)果的”。答案:答案:C (五五)Although Id left myself plenty of time,soon it was _1_ I was going to be late,as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the _2_direction.1A.strange BnecessaryCobvious Dimportant2A.same BrightCgeneral Dopposite解析:解析:先由先由“mistakenly boarded a bus”可可知是坐錯(cuò)了車知是坐錯(cuò)了車,從而走錯(cuò)了方向從而走錯(cuò)了方向,所以第所以第2題是題是opposite,選選D。因?yàn)樽e(cuò)車。因?yàn)樽e(cuò)車,所以很明顯要遲到所以很明顯要遲到了了,第第1題應(yīng)選題應(yīng)選C。答案:答案:1.C2.D
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