2019-2020年高考英語一輪 短文改錯、書面表達訓練（14）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語一輪 短文改錯、書面表達訓練（14） 專題復習- 短文改錯 一．短文改錯的主要特點 1．內容大都是學生身邊或社會生活中常見的話題。以記敘文為主，有時也有說明文或應用文。 2．內容相對獨立、完整。命題的總原則是整篇理解、分行解題。 3．語言簡單易懂，沒有生僻的詞匯或繁難的句法結構；短文的詞數為120左右。 4．考查要點覆蓋面廣, 分布合理。涉及詞法、句法、行文邏輯等三個方面。 二．短文改錯的常見類型 縱觀近幾年高考題中的短文改錯, 不難看出,其錯誤形式基本上為：錯詞占6行左右; 正確占1 行; 多詞和缺詞一般占3 行左右。錯誤類型主要涉及動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞、主謂一致、固定結構等語法知識。其中, 動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞等是考查重點。 ***************************************************************結束 高考英語書面表達要求學生通過審查文字提示、圖畫、表格等后進行有一定控制性的寫作。學生在這種題型上常犯的錯誤之一就是：遺漏要點。 ●難點磁場 6月9日，星期天，你和朋友本來約好去看球賽，但未看成。請你根據下列六幅圖畫寫一篇日記。 注意：（1）日記必須包括所有圖畫內容，可以適當增減細節(jié)，使日記連貫； （2）詞數100左右。（3）開頭已給出。 June 9,Sunday Fine It is Sudnay today.… ●案例探究 10月23日（星期五）中午在你上學途中發(fā)生了一件事情。請根據下列圖畫用英語寫一篇日記。 注意：（1）日記須包括所有圖畫的內容，可適當增減細節(jié)，使日記連貫。 （2）詞數100左右。 命題意圖：本題考查學生的讀圖能力和運用邏輯講述故事、傳達主旨的能力。 錯解分析：（1）人稱、時態(tài)運用不準確；（2）主要內容遺漏。 解題技巧與方法：（1）細讀文字說明部分，弄清人稱、時間、事件背景；（2）仔細觀察每一幅圖，確定文章中心，確定內容要點：a.聽見喊救命，下水救女孩 b.好心人相助 c.送女孩去醫(yī)院 d.上課遲到 e.感謝信 f.受表揚；（3）依據要點寫出提綱，然后拓展成文；（4）檢查要點、格式、人稱、時態(tài)、動詞變化形式、標點符號等。 參考答案： October 23rd Friday Fine On my way to school at noon I heard loud shouts from the lake.I found a girl struggling in the water.I quickly jumped into the lake,swam towards the drowning girl and carried her to the bank.A kind woman also came to help.We immediately sent the girl to the nearest hospital.When I hurried to school,I was late for class.However,I didn’t explain to my teacher what had happened.But to my surprise,a letter of thanks to me was put up on the bulletin board in our school in the afternoon.So my teacher and classmates knew the whole thing and they praised me a lot.I felt a little shy but proud. *******************************************************結束 Passage *** It’s easy to go downhill than to climb uphill：so it’s 1．____ easier to fall into bad habits than into good one 2．____ Bad habits don’t e suddenly．It e little by 3．____ little．Schoolboys first picks up a little in school and on 4．____ the streets．When they cannot write their homework， they 5．____ copy from their schoolmate．If they see bigger boys 6．____ smoking， they also want learn to smoke．When they 7．____ get bigger， the habits bee stronger or 8．____ stronger， so that they can not longer get rid of 9．____ them．What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad 10．____ habits in the beginning！ 【參考答案】Key 11 1．Easy--easier 2．(one)-ones 3．It--They 4．picks-pick 5．right 6．Schoolmate-schoolmates 7．to learn 8．or--and 9.not--no 10．What-How ******************************************************結束 *****************************************************結束 圖表式書面表達思路與技巧 圖表式書面表達是常見的一種寫作形式,現筆者結合下面一則實例,談談怎樣寫好這類書面表達。 　　根據以下表格內容,請以"HowtoReducethePresentCityPopulation"為題,用英語為雜志社寫一篇短文,闡述你對這一問題的見解。 建議I 具體措施:A.晚婚B.一對夫婦,一個孩子 目的:減少人口自然增長(人口出生率) 建議II 具體措施:嚴格控制外地人進城務工經商 目的:減少外地人口對城市的壓力 建議III 具體措施:A.在郊區(qū),建造生活、商業(yè)、文教、衛(wèi)生、娛樂、休閑生活小區(qū)B.在城外建造衛(wèi)星城 目的:吸引城市居民到郊區(qū)和衛(wèi)星城工作和生活 注意: 1)詞數:100左右。 2)參考詞匯:嚴格控制haveatightcontrol,衛(wèi)星城satellitetown 一、認真審題,準確把握提示要求。 1.審體裁。準確把握體裁是寫好一篇文章關鍵的一步。體裁的形式直接決定著考生用英語表達信息的途徑和形式,并影響著書面表述語句的正確性和準確性。 2.審人稱。根據體裁要求,要準確把握人稱的使用。是用第一、二人稱,還是用第三人稱。 3.審時態(tài)。不同的體裁,其動詞時態(tài)的使用也各有不同。一般情況下,故事、日記等體裁常以一般過去時為主要動詞時態(tài);書信、便條、通知等體裁常以一般現在時為主要動詞時態(tài)。 分析以上實例,應以第一人稱的口吻進行描寫。從題目要求、表內要點以及體裁可知,本文時態(tài)應以一般現在時為主體時態(tài)。 二、理清表內要點,進行合理發(fā)揮。 圖表式書面表達其主要內容常被列在表內。考生首先必須理清表內內容要點,抓住主要信息進行描寫。可先把表內所提供的內容要點用英語列出,盡量使用一些較高層次的詞匯或短語以及所學過的句法結構(如定語從句、分詞結構等)進行描述。例如上述實例圖表中的內容可用英語列出以下幾個短語或句式: (1)practiceapolicyof"LateMarriage"and"OneCouple,OneChild" (2)reducethebirthrate (3)haveatightcontrolovercountrypeopleenteringcitiestodovariousphysicaljobs (4)lightenthepressureonthecitycausedbytheincreasingpopulation (5)buildapartmentblockswithshoppingcenters,schools,hospitals,aswellascinemasandtheatersaroundusorevenbuildsatellitetownsinthecitysuburbsorthecountiesroundthecities (6)encouragecitycitizenstomovetheretoliveandwork 三、正確使用過渡性詞語,提高文章的連貫性。 過渡性詞語的使用是語言的連貫性得以實現的最常用手段。在句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間恰當地使用一些承上啟下的過渡性詞語是非常必要的。例如上述實例,我們可在要點(1)前插入表示時間順序的過渡詞語first/firstly,在要點(3)前插入secondly,在要點(5)前插入finally。在要點(6)前可以插入表示終結關系的過渡短語inthisway/bythismeans?，F將中學課本中應掌握的過渡詞語總結如下: 1.表示起始關系的有:firstofall,accordingto,sofar,asfaras,tobeginwith,inmyopinion等。 2.表示時間順序的有:first,then,later,intheend,finally,atlast,afterthat,sincethen,immediately,suddenly,soon等。 3.表示空間順序的有:ontheright/left,ononesideof,atthetop/foot/endof,inthemiddleof,infrontof,atthebackof等。 4.表示并列關系的有:and,or,also,too,aswellas,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,either...or,not...but等。 5.表示轉折關系的有:but,yet,however,while,onthecontrary等。 6.表示因果關系的有:because,since,as,for,thanksto,thus,therefore,asaresult(of),onereasonisthat...anotherreasonisthat...等。 7.表示條件關系的有:if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat等。 8.表示讓步關系的有:although,though,evenif,inspiteof,afterall,infact,what(who,when,where,how...)ever等。 9.表示遞進關系的有:whatsmore,furthermore,besides,whatsworse,tomakethematterworse,also,still,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand等。 10.表示列舉事實的過渡性詞語有:forexample/instance,suchas,take...forexample,asfollows,andsoon等。 11.表示總結性的有:inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole等。 12.表示過渡性的插入語有:Ithink(believe,suppose,imagine,guess...),Imafraid,youknow,asisknowntousall,asweallknow等。 根據以上圖表式書面表達題寫作思路,上述實例可整理成文如下: 　　HowtoReducethePresentCityPopulation 　　Ourmoderncityiscrowded,andtosolvetheproblem,threeproposalsareputforward.Mostofthepeoplethinkthatweshouldfirstpracticethepolicyof"Latemarriage"and"OneCouple,OneChild"inordertoreducethebirthrate.Secondly,thecitygovernmentsmusthaveatightcontrolovercountrypeopleenteringcitiestodovariousphysicaljobssoastolightenthepressureonthecitycausedbytheincreasingpopulation.Finally,moreandmorepeoplesuggestthatweshouldbuildapartmentsubdivisionswithshoppingcenters,schools,hospitals,aswellascinemasandtheatersaroundthemorevenbuildsatellitetownsaroundthecities.Inthisway,citycitizenswillbeencouragedtomovetheretoliveandwork.Ifthesethreeproposalsarewellcarriedout,thepopulationwillbegreatlyreduced。 *********************************************************結束 高考英語作文精選范文（看圖作文類） 8. 假如你叫王平，根據圖表提示，給你的加拿大網友Smith 寫一封信，介紹你的寒假生活（共20天），可根據自己的實際情況添加細節(jié)。 注意：1．詞數：100左右； 2．開頭已經給出，不計入總詞數。 Dear Smith, How are you? How time flies! Now the winter vacation was over and I have e back to school again. We had 20 days in all for the holiday, during which we had the most important Chinese Festival—the Spring Festival. It took me nearly a week to visit my relatives and attend family parties, as it is a traditional custom in China. Of course, I spent most of the time doing my lessons. As you know, I will take the National Examinations in June and it’s only a few months away. Every day I did some English reading, practiced writing positions, worked out a number of science problems and so on. When I got tired, I would do something to relax myself, like playing basketball with my friends, listening to music, surfing the Internet, playing games, and everything that helped to recover my energy. In a word, I had a full, busy and wonderful holiday. How about you? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Wang Ping *****************************************************結束 高考英語作文精選范文（看圖作文類） 9．根據下列圖示以 “The New Grading System in Our School”為題為你校英語報寫一篇短文,說明這一舉措以及你對學校實施這一舉措的認識. 要求: 1.詞數 100左右, 已給出部分不包括在內. 生詞: 評分體制grading system 參與participation（n.） ① tests ④ class participation ② notes ⑤ team work ③ homework The New grading system in Our School In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works. The students’ final score will be made up of 5 parts. About 30% of it will e from their test results. The rest of the score is decided by the performances of the students in the following parts: 20% es from your notes, and another 20% is decided by how you do your homework. If you take an active part in classroom activities, you can get another 20% of the score. Teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates. In my opinion, our school has made a good decision. This new grading system will certainly help to improve ourselves on all sides. ********************************************************結束 Smoking which is a widespread habit even among school children. 76. The number of young smokers are increasing. It is reported that 77. over two-fifth of the students in a certain school smoke, and 78. some of whom even steal money to buy cigarettes. This is terrible. 79. As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. So its 80. even harmful to middle school students for it does great harm not 81. only to their health but also for their mind. Middle school students 82. are future builders of the country. They should spend their time 83. learning useful knowledges. So its really time that these young 84. smokers made up their minds give up smoking. 85. 【參考答案】(五) 76．去掉which 77.are → is 78. two- fifth → two-fifths 79. whom → them 80.So → But 81. ∧harmful → more 82.for → to 83. √ 84.knowledges → knowledge 85. minds ∧ → to ***************************************************************結束 (6)(25 min.) (xx師大附中一模)假設你是李華，下圖是你對本校學生興趣愛好的調查結果。請寫一篇英文報告給學校，說明調查結果，并談談你的看法。 注意： 1. 文章內容不少于120詞。 2. 標題和開頭已給出，不計入總詞數。 3. 提示詞： 餅狀圖 pie chart 百分比 percentage A Survey of Students Hobbies and Interests Dear Sir， Ive conducted a survey recently, which shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 參考范文 One possible version： A Survey of Students Hobbies and Interests Dear Sir， I ve conducted a survey recently , which shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time. As the pie chart reveals, we can see 34% of the students like surfing the Internet. The rest popular activities for students are dancing and singing, doing sports and reading, which is 22%, 20% and 18% respectively. The percentages of the three are close to each other. Besides these, a few students, about 6 percent of them, are fond of doing other things, such as collecting stamps, travelling, handwriting, and so on. From my point of view, high school students should have more healthy and instructive hobbies and interests. As surfing the Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and current affairs in the world，sometimes necessary guidance on surfing the Internet should be given to students and ways must be found to arouse students interests in reading, because reading is invariably the most efficient way to gain knowledge. *********************************************************結束