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高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第9講 助動(dòng)詞和特殊句式課件2 新課標(biāo)(湖南專用)

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高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第9講 助動(dòng)詞和特殊句式課件2 新課標(biāo)(湖南專用)

第第9講講 助動(dòng)詞和特殊句式助動(dòng)詞和特殊句式(二二) 例1: Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. (2012浙江卷 19) A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 【解析】選D。本句是一個(gè)倒裝句,可還原為:If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.根據(jù)had known提示,可知是與過去 事 實(shí) 相 反 , 因 此 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 主 句 中 應(yīng) 該 用would/might have done,由此可見答案D符合語(yǔ)境。例2: We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _more places of interest yesterday. (2012福建卷 31)A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited【解析】選D。句意: 我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)小村莊迷路了,要不然的話,我們昨天就游覽了更多的名勝古跡。本題關(guān)鍵是從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday知道是對(duì)過去的虛擬,前半句是過去的客觀事實(shí)“我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)小山村迷路”,otherwise(否則),后半句是用對(duì)過去的虛擬would have done,答案為D項(xiàng)。對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的做法主要是看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或是看里面的關(guān)鍵詞是對(duì)什么時(shí)間的虛擬,這就很容易了。故選D。 考點(diǎn)1:if從句的3種虛擬形式考點(diǎn)2:wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句1表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式。2表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done。3 表 示 將 來(lái) 難 以 實(shí) 現(xiàn) 的 愿 望 , 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 用should/would(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 動(dòng)詞原形。考點(diǎn)3:含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái),只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來(lái),這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)有:1if only要是就好了(與wish后面的虛擬語(yǔ)氣類似)If only you hadnt told him the news.要是你沒有告訴他這個(gè)消息就好了。2without/but for如果沒有Human beings would die without water.(Human beings would die if there were no water.)如果沒有水,人類就會(huì)滅亡。3otherwise/or否則,不然的話I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book.我當(dāng)時(shí)沒有錢,要不然,我就買那本書了??键c(diǎn)4:虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他常見表現(xiàn)形式 1would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望,故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式;表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done。 2一想要(desire)一寧愿(prefer)一堅(jiān)持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建議(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, require, request, ask)中,無(wú)論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用 “should do”,其中should可以省略。 3表示 “早該做某事了”時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為: It is (high / about) time that 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的過去式/ should do(優(yōu)先使用動(dòng)詞過去式),即從句用虛擬過去式。 4“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的結(jié)構(gòu),也帶有“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”的意義。could have done 本來(lái)能夠做而實(shí)際上未做might have done 本來(lái)可以做而實(shí)際上未做should/ought to have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上未做ought not to have done/shouldnt have done本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上做了neednt have done本來(lái)不必要做而實(shí)際上做了考點(diǎn)1:轉(zhuǎn)折并列句 轉(zhuǎn)折并列句主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而,卻)等連詞連接。 1but 用作并列連詞,意為“但是”,“然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。 Rick made some more records, but he wasnt as popular as he had been before. 里克雖然錄制了更多唱片,但不像以前那樣受歡迎了。. 并列句此時(shí)要注意 but 與 however 的區(qū)別。 however 表示“可是”,“但是”的意義時(shí),常用作副詞,可以放在句首、句中、句尾,并常用逗號(hào)將它與句子分開。 However,he didnt make his mark in the end. 然而,他終未成功。 2but 可置于表示歉意的話(如 Excuse me 或 Im sorry )之后,提出請(qǐng)求或說出可能觸犯對(duì)方的話,它沒有實(shí)際意義,只起連接作用,可以省去。 I am sorry, but I dont think I know you. 很抱歉,我想我不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 Excuse me, but can you tell me how to surf the net?勞駕,你能告訴我怎么上網(wǎng)嗎?考點(diǎn)2: 選擇并列句 You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you. (2012新課標(biāo)卷 34) A. so B. or C. and D. but【解析】選B。or表示“否則”。表示另外一種選擇所造成的結(jié)果。_ at the door before you enter my room, please. (2012北京卷 31) A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock. 祈使句【解析】選A。祈使句考點(diǎn),用動(dòng)詞原形。There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _? (2012江蘇卷 25) A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he. 反意疑問句【解析】選A。根據(jù)前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little,所以反意疑問句用肯定形式,其主謂應(yīng)與陳述部分的主謂保持一致,故選A項(xiàng)。1. Where is it? Where is _? I dont know what do you mean? A. what B. that C. it D. so易錯(cuò)題筆記【解析】選A。句意:什么在什么地方? 其實(shí),這類用法在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常使用。如: It was so dark that I couldnt tell who was who.當(dāng)時(shí)一片漆黑,我分不清誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)?!癢hat are you going to do next fall?” “Next what?”“下一個(gè)秋季你打算要干什么?”“你說下一個(gè)什么?”They look exactly the same, and I really dont know which is which.它們看起來(lái)一模一樣, 我實(shí)在分不清哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)。2. The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done; should beB. should do; should beC. had done; had beenD. should do; had been【解析】選A。insist意為“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(即“should動(dòng)詞原形”,其中should可省略);insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。3. Hard _ he studies, he cannot pass the examination. A. when B. how C. as D. while【解析】選C。屬于讓步倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),其基本句式為“名詞(不帶冠詞)、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等as/though主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”。又如: Child as he is, he did it very well.他雖是個(gè)孩子,但已干得很不錯(cuò)了。4. More than one student _ read the novels, which _ written by David. A. has; was B. have; were C. has; were D. have; was【解析】選C。more than one student (不止一個(gè)學(xué)生) 從形式上看是單數(shù),但從意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù),它用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。第二空前的which指的是novels,故謂語(yǔ)用were。5. It looks as if he were drunk. So it does. _.A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【解析】選D。做此題要抓住關(guān)鍵詞were,因?yàn)樗砻鞔司涞闹^語(yǔ)為虛擬語(yǔ)氣,也就是說,“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí),只是他看起來(lái)好像喝醉了,所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外注意,句中的 so it does 表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“他看上去的確像是喝醉了”。6. Im quite willing to help and _ are the others. A. they B. who C. so D. even【解析】選C。在“so 倒裝句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,so 的意思與 also 相似,主要用來(lái)回答或補(bǔ)充前面句子的意思,表示“也一樣”。此結(jié)構(gòu)的前后句的時(shí)態(tài)和助動(dòng)詞通常是一致的,但有時(shí)由于語(yǔ)境不同,可能有例外。如: If you stay for dinner, so will I.你要是留下來(lái)吃飯,那我也就留下。但是,如果前面一句是否定句,則后面一句不用 so,而用 neither 或 nor。如: He didnt like the house and neither / nor did his wife.他不喜歡這房子,他妻子也不喜歡。7. The boys and the girls each _ to do something different, which _the teacher uneasy. A. want; make B. wants; makes C. want; makes D. wants; make【解析】選C。第一空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞 want,因?yàn)榇司涞闹髡Z(yǔ)是 the boys and the girls,而 each 只是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ);第二空前的which指前句的整句內(nèi)容,表單數(shù)意義,故填makes。8. Every boy and girl _ the book and they each _ to buy one. A. like; want B. likes; wants C. likes; want D. like; wants【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D,認(rèn)為前面一空要用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樗闹髡Z(yǔ)是 boy and girl,是復(fù)數(shù);而第二空則應(yīng)用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)槠淝坝?each 表示“每一個(gè)”。而事實(shí)上,此題應(yīng)選C。因?yàn)榘从⒄Z(yǔ)習(xí)慣,every 后接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù),即第一空應(yīng)填 likes;而第二空要填復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 want,因?yàn)槠淝暗闹髡Z(yǔ)是 they 而不是 each(each 為主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))。

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