（浙江專用）2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第19練 世界與環(huán)境練習(xí)（含解析）.docx

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第19練 世界與環(huán)境 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink) islessandlessnow. 2．Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow________________(save) water. 3．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant________________(protect) ourenvironment. 4．InChinaalotofriversandlakesare________(serious) pollutedbysomefactories. 5．Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，________(kill) alargenumberoffish. 6．Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld________________(become) muchmorebeautiful. 7．Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult________(problem) intheworld. 8．Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand________(healthy) inthefuture. 9．Itishightimethatthegovernment________________(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution. 10._________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern. 11．Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactories________(produce) harmfulgases. 12．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive________. 13．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostof________arebeyondourcontrol. 14．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicals________arepoisonoustohumanbeings. 15．Nobodyknows________(exact) whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime. 話題詞匯 1．pollutionn．污染 2．a(chǎn)tmospheren．大氣，氣氛 3．consequencen．結(jié)果，后果 4．a(chǎn)ttachgreatimportanceto...十分重視…… 5．beawareof...意識(shí)到…… 6．damagev．毀壞 7．makeadifference有影響 8．environmentn．環(huán)境 9．sufferv．受苦，遭受 10．causev．導(dǎo)致 能力提升 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2018安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考) Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea. Deforestation(森林濫伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn))．Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment. So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持續(xù)的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelongtermbenefitstheycanprovideformankind. Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers. Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities. 16．Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests? A．Humans’destroyingthetrees. B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced. C．Lackingrenewableresources. D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests. 17．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved. B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected. C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests. D．Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests. 18．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection? A．Indifferent. B．Concerned. C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled. 19．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage? A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation. B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests. C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests. D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing. B Forcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia. Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes. Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces. Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants. SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700speciallytrainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere. 20．ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________. A．humansdon’tcareforelephants B．elephantshavebeennexttoextinction C．elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbefore D．elephantshavegainedmoreattention 21．Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants? A．Lessspace. B．Alackoffood. C．Sufferingfromadisease. D．Elephanthunting. 22．Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers? A．Theirtusksareprofitable. B．Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly. C．Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat. D．Farmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants. 23．Whatisthepurposeofthistext? A．Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation. B．Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants. C．Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants. D．Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants. Ⅲ.七選五 It’seasytospotsignsofphysicalsuffering，butmuchemotionalpaincanbeeasilymasked.__24__“Wedon’ttendtohaveconversationsaboutmentalwellbeing，”saysDrBarbaraVanDahlen，aclinicpsychologist.“Simplyaskingsomeone‘Howareyou’mayjustget‘Fine，thankyou’，”saysVanDahlen.“It’simportanttobeawareofwhatcouldleadtosomebodyneedinghelpthey’reafraidtoaskfor，”sheadds.Thefollowingarefoursignsafriendmightneedhelp. ?__25__ Ifyousensesomethingdifferentaboutthewayyourfriendisacting—maybehe’snotsmilingmuchthesedays，forinstance—trustyourfeelingsandreachout.“Trysaying，‘Iseethesethings.Icareaboutyou.CanIbeofhelp？’”VanDahlensays. ?He’sunusuallyunhappyorannoyed. __26__“Itmaytakemorethanonetimetofollowupifyou’retalkingtosomeonewhoisupset，”VanDahlensays，“butifafriendrespondswithanger，thatcouldmeanyou’reontosomething.” ?He’slessputtogetherthanusual. Drinkingmoreandignoringpersonalhygiene(衛(wèi)生) canbesignsthatsomeoneisintrouble.Don’tconsiderthesebehaviorsarenothing.__27__Heseemsoverwhelmed(壓倒) bylife. Nooneishappyallthetime，butifyouronceoptimisticfriendcan’tfindanythingtobehopefulabout，hemaybehavingthoughtsofworthlessness，sadnessandsomethingnegative.“__28__”saysVanDahlen，“sothatmorepeoplecangetthehelptheyneed.” A．He’sactingabitmorewithdrawn. B．Hedoesn’tseemlikehimselflately. C．Insteadtreatthemasasigntocareforyourfriend. D．Gettingangryquicklyandeasilycanbeasignthatsomethingiswrong. E．It’saconstantefforttobringintotheopendiscussionsaboutmentalhealth. F．Manypeopleavoidtalkingaboutitnomatterhowclosetheyaretosomeone. G．Wewantpeopletogetcomfortablebeingmoreopenanddiscussingmentalhealth. 答案精析話題練 Ⅰ.1.todrink　2.tosave　3.toprotect　4.seriously　5.killing　6.willbecome　7.problems　8.healthier　9.shouldtake/took　10.On　11.producing　12.on　13.which　14.which/that　15.exactly Ⅱ. 語篇解讀　如今，熱帶雨林正面臨嚴(yán)重的生存危機(jī)，為世界敲響了環(huán)保警鐘。人類應(yīng)采取更加實(shí)際、有效的措施來保護(hù)熱帶雨林。 16．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Deforestation(森林濫伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知，人類對(duì)熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致熱帶雨林一些物種的滅絕。故選A。] 17．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知經(jīng)濟(jì)效益對(duì)保護(hù)熱帶雨林有一定影響。故選D。] 18．B　[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者講述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀并提出了一些保護(hù)措施已經(jīng)無效的問題。由此可以推斷出作者對(duì)熱帶雨林保護(hù)持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選B。] 19．C　[寫作目的題。通讀全文并根據(jù)最后兩段可知，作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)熱帶雨林的方法無效，呼吁大家分享合適的保護(hù)措施。故選C。] 語篇解讀　本文主要講了大象在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而現(xiàn)在由于種種原因，大象的數(shù)量在急劇減少。作者在這里呼吁人們保護(hù)野生大象。 20．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的數(shù)據(jù)252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知，大象的數(shù)量在不斷地減少，所以它們有瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。] 21．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Elephant hunting or ‘poaching’ has been a major factor for the disappearance of this species，and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知，導(dǎo)致大象滅絕最主要的原因是人類對(duì)大象的捕殺。故選D。] 22．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，農(nóng)民捕殺大象的現(xiàn)象很難被禁止的原因是象牙很賺錢。故選A。] 23．C　[寫作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后兩句可知，作者寫作本文是想鼓勵(lì)人們保護(hù)大象。故選C。] Ⅲ. 24．F　[根據(jù)本空后的“We don’t tend to have conversations about mental wellbeing”可知，“無論人們跟某人有多親密，他們都不會(huì)跟對(duì)方談?wù)撔睦矸矫娴膯栴}”。F項(xiàng)中的it指代本空上一句中的 emotional pain。故選F。] 25．B　[根據(jù)下文中的“...something different about the way your friend is acting—maybe he’s not smiling much these days...”可知，“朋友跟平常不一樣”是他心理出問題的跡象之一。故選B。] 26．D　[根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“He’s unusually unhappy or annoyed.”可知，“易怒是心理出問題的另一個(gè)跡象”。故選D。] 27．C　[根據(jù)本空前的“Don’t consider these behaviors are nothing.”可知，不要把這些不同尋常的行為不當(dāng)一回事，“而是要把它們當(dāng)成你去關(guān)愛朋友的跡象”。C項(xiàng)中的them指代上一句中的 behaviors。故選C。] 28．G　[根據(jù)本空后的“so that more people can get the help they need”可推知Van Dahlen希望人們能更自在地敞開心扉談?wù)撔睦斫】?，只有這樣，更多的人才能得到他們需要的幫助。故選G。]