2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復習 語法 第三部分 理清常用句式 第六講 特殊句式學案（含解析）牛津譯林版.doc

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第六講特殊句式 強調句與省略句　 [全析考法] 單句語法填空 1．(2018天津高考改編)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 解析：that　句意：直到汽車停在了我們的房子前面的時候，我們才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此處是強調句型“It is(was)＋被強調部分＋that＋其余部分”，本句強調的是時間狀語從句。 2．(2017天津高考改編)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors. 解析：that　句意：正是當我回到公寓的時候，我第一次偶然遇見了我的新鄰居們。此處為強調句型its ...that ...，被強調的是句中的時間狀語從句。 3．(2016天津高考改編)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists. 解析：that　句意：你等錯地方了。長途客車是在賓館接游客。去掉it is和空格處后是一個完整的句子，因此本句是一個強調句，填that。 [謹記規(guī)則] 1．強調句型 (1)強調句型的基本結構：It is/was＋被強調的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。該句型可對句子的主語、表語、賓語、狀語等進行強調。當被強調部分是人，且作主語時，可用who或that，其他情況下一律用that。 It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 只有通過傾聽和相互理解，父母和孩子之間的問題才可能被解決。 [特別注意] 強調主語時，要注意連接詞和謂語的一致性。 It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. 正是我們的老師幫助我們取得了很大的進步。 (2)強調句型的一般疑問句結構：Is/Was＋it＋被強調的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公園里遇到我們的新老師的嗎？ (3)強調句型的特殊疑問句結構：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么時候決定選修這門課程的？ [特別注意] 由疑問詞引導的強調結構在句中作賓語從句時，從句必須使用陳述語序。 She doesnt know who it was that saved her son. 她不知道是誰救了她的兒子。 (4)not ... until的強調句型結構：It is/was not until ... ＋that＋句子其他部分。 It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.直到那時我才意識到了健康的重要性。 2．強調謂語動詞 It is/was ...who/that ...結構不能強調謂語動詞?？捎弥鷦釉~do, does或did來強調謂語動詞，用于一般現在時和一般過去時的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。 She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it. 她確實告訴過我她的地址，但我全忘了。 3．狀語從句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引導的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含be動詞，而主語又與主句的主語一致或從句主語是it時，狀語從句中的主語和謂語中的be動詞可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.這本書里所有的照片，除非有說明，否則，都追溯到20世紀50 年代。 4．動詞不定式的省略 在主動語態(tài)中，感官動詞或使役動詞后接不定式作補足語時，往往將不定式符號to省略；在同一句話或同一情景對話中，當同一動作再次出現在后面的不定式位置上時，通常省略該動作而保留不定式符號to。 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 那名司機想把車?？吭诼愤?，但是警察不允許他這樣做。 5．so/not構成替代省略 英語中還常常用so/not等來代替省略的肯定內容或否定內容，so/not多跟在Im afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等開頭的答句中。 —Do you think it will rain？——你認為會下雨嗎？ —I hope so/not.——我希望下/不下。 6．常用的if相關的省略結構 if ever　　　　　　　　 如果曾經發(fā)生過的話 if busy 如果忙的話 if anything 如果有什么不同 if possible 如果可能的話 if so 如果這樣的話 if not 如果不的話 if necessary 如果必要的話 倒裝與其他特殊句式　 [全析考法] 單句語法填空/單句改錯 1．(2018北京高考改編)In any unsafe situation, simply________ (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need. 解析：press　句意：在任何不安全的情況下，只要按一下這個按鈕，一個訓練有素的代理人就會給你所需要的幫助。此題為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結構，所以用動詞原形。 2．(2017江蘇高考改編)______ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overe her difficulty. 解析：Were　句意：如果沒有老師的支持，這名學生不可能克服她的困難。該句是省略if的虛擬條件句，if省略后需要將were提前構成倒裝。 3．(2016江蘇高考改編)Not until recently ________(do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas. 解析：did　句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵在農村地區(qū)發(fā)展與旅游相關的項目。not until放在句首時句子要使用部分倒裝，此處指過去所發(fā)生的動作，應使用一般過去時。 4．(2017全國卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words. “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”________________ 解析：Turning→Turn　最后一句為祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up！”和“Slow down！”并列，故改為動詞原形Turn。 [謹記規(guī)則] (一)倒裝 1．部分倒裝 (1)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時引起部分倒裝結構。這類詞(組)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills. 直到我失去工作我才意識到我應該提高工作技能了。 (2)“only＋狀語”置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. 只有當你的心態(tài)平和時，你才能與別人保持良好的關系。 (3)so/such ... that ... 結構中的so, such 連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調時，主句要用部分倒裝。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的進步以至于受到了表揚。 (4)表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者時，用倒裝結構“so/neither/nor＋助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”(so表示肯定意義，neither/nor表示否定意義)。 I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she. 上周我看了《哈利波特》這部電影，她也看了。 (5)在as/though引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句的表語/狀語/動詞原形要位于句首，構成倒裝結構。如果位于句首的是單數可數名詞，其前不加冠詞。 Strange as it may sound, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires. 盡管這聽起來很奇怪，但是如果你不滿意，問題不是缺少滿足你的愿望的方法，而是你根本就沒有愿望。 (6)在非真實條件句中，條件句中的if省略時，助動詞had, were, should要提到主語前面。 Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home 如果明天下雨，我不得不待在家里。 (7)“may＋動詞原形”表示祝愿時，通常將may置于句首，構成倒裝語序。 May you succeed.祝你成功。 2．全部倒裝 (1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，且主語為名詞時，句子用全部倒裝。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.約翰打開門，一個他從來沒見過的女孩站在那兒。 South of the river lies a small factory. 河的南面有一個小工廠。 (2)有時為平衡句子結構或突出、強調，將作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構成“表語＋系動詞＋主語”的完全倒裝結構。 Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests. 出席晚會的有格林先生，還有許多其他的賓客。 (二)感嘆句 1．What (＋a/an)＋形容詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What beautiful flowers they are！多么美麗的花?。? 2．How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ How clever a boy he is?。絎hat a clever boy he is! 多聰明的男孩呀！ 3．How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！ How high the mountain is！這山真高呀！ (三)祈使句 祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。一般不出現主語，謂語動詞一律用原形；否定詞一律在動詞前加dont。祈使句的強調形式是在句首加do。 Do be careful while you are crossing the street. 過馬路時一定要小心。 Dont get close to that river.不要靠近那條河。 (四)反意疑問句 反意疑問句由“陳述句＋反問句”構成，若陳述句為肯定式，反意疑問句為否定式，反之亦然。 1．陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句 (1)當must作“必須”講時，其反意疑問詞用neednt; 當為mustnt (不允許，禁止)時，其反意疑問詞用must。 You must go now, neednt you？你現在必須走，不是嗎？ You mustnt smoke here, must you? 你不能在這里吸煙，是吧？ (2)當must表示推測，作“一定，準是”講時，反意疑問部分的動詞形式要根據must后面的動詞所表示的時間來確定。 You must have watched the football match last night, didnt you？你昨晚一定是看足球比賽了，是吧？ 2．陳述部分含有used to時，疑問詞用usednt或didnt均可。 You used to play football, usednt/didnt you? 你過去常常踢足球，是嗎？ 3．陳述部分含有ought to時，疑問詞用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。 He ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he? 他應該參加會議，不是嗎？ 4．陳述部分含有否定詞的反意疑問句 (1)當陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定詞或半否定詞時，疑問部分動詞用肯定式。 He could hardly get up, could he? 他幾乎起不來了，不是嗎？ (2)陳述部分含有由表示否定意義的前綴或后綴構成的詞，反意疑問部分的動詞一般用否定式。 Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she? 瑪麗不喜歡體育運動，不是嗎？ (3)陳述部分含有賓語從句時，反意疑問部分的主語應和主句的主語保持一致。 He said that she would e here on time, didnt he? 他說她會準時來這里，不是嗎？ [特別注意]　當主句是I think/believe/suppose等結構時，反意疑問部分往往根據賓語從句的主語和謂語而定，需特別注意否定轉移的現象中的肯定式和否定式。 I dont think he will attend the meeting on time, will he? 我認為他不會準時參加會議，是嗎？ (五)there be結構 1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的時態(tài)，可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then.自從那時起我們國家就發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 某個地方一定出錯了。 2．there be句型中的be有時可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替換。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. 關于這個項目似乎有一個通知。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一個人路過。 3．there be結構的常用句式 There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.　 做某事沒有意義。 There is no doubt about .../that ... 毫無疑問…… There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)沒有必要做某事。 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth. (做)某事(沒)有困難/麻煩。 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ... (做)某事(沒)有可能性。 This doesnt mean we are being either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 這并不意味著我們正變得比以前更聰明或是不如以前聰明，但是毫無疑問，我們使用記憶力的方式正在發(fā)生變化。 語法填空解題“2步驟” 1．注意分析句式結構，確定為何種特殊句式。 2．根據特殊句式的結構特點填入適當的詞。 (1)看到倒裝句，要注意其謂語動詞的人稱和數； (2)看到there be句型要注意主謂一致和時態(tài)。 1．The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed. 2．Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa. 3．On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived. 4．But the fighting scenes alone dont explain the movies success — its also the patriotism (愛國主義) and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences. 5. The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant. 6．—Who should be responsible for the action? —The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as told (tell). 7．When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious. 8．We dont believe that the news is true, is (be) it? 短文改錯解題“1關注” “1關注”就是指關注各特殊句式的特點： (1)強調句型由“It is/was ... that/who”構成，刪掉后不影響句子的完整； (2)倒裝句分部分倒裝和完全倒裝； (3)省略句?？紶钫Z從句與不定式中的省略； (4)感嘆句需注意其兩個感嘆詞“how”與“what”； (5)there be句型中應重點關注主謂一致性。 1．I try not to show the passersby what scared I really am, but its not possible. what→how 2．How a wonderful time Ill have during the winter holiday！How→What 3．It is ones inner beauty matters.beauty后加that 4．Only then I start to appreciate the importance of developing a good habit.I前加did 5．When we heard the exciting news, there was silence all over the hall at first. Then e voices of shouting.e→came 6．Hard although he tried, he was unable to make much progress.although→though/as 7. Stopping criticizing your children like this, or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings.Stopping→Stop 8．So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. loudly后加did 9．I received his mothers telephone call at eleven.It was then when I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.when→that 10．Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.applying→applied