2019高考英語一輪優(yōu)編選題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解。 When firefighters got to the six-story brick building on East 191st Street in Bronx early Saturday, they saw flames shooting from a top-floor window. Strange, sharp popping(爆音) sounds filled the air, a fire lieutenant said later. As a sixth-floor apartment turned into an inferno(火海), a woman who lived there ran downstairs with a small child. Neighbours said she told them her husband was still upstairs trying to get their two other children. Vale Dorsey, 66, who lives on the fifth floor, said he was awakened by his wife. An explosion above had showered shattered glass from a sixth-floor window. As they rushed downstairs, they were joined by other people, who were asking one another in Spanish and English what was happening. As the people fled, firefighters hurried up the stairs. When they reached the sixth floor, the fire lieutenant, William Kearns, Firefighter Christopher OBrien and others met a wall of flames ing from the kitchen just inside the door of the burning apartment. Firefighter Rodney Littlejohn used a fire extinguisher to try to keep the fire from spreading, and the heat from the kitchen partly melted his plastics eye shield. While Firefighter Littlejohn sprayed, Firefighter OBrien bent under the flames. There about 10 feet into the apartment, he found the father of the three children lying in a hallway.Firefighters pulled him from the burning apartment. Lieutenant Kearns and a firefighter from Rescue 3 started going through the apartment room by room, feeling their way through the smoke. In a bedroom, the firefighter from Rescue 3 found a 3-year-old in a bed shaped like a race car. Moments later, Lieutenant Kearns found a 1-year-old in a crib. The two children and their father were brought to hospital, fire officials said, where the man was listed in critical condition and the children were in critical but stable condition.On Saturday the apartment where the fire started was badly burned. Inside his apartment on the fifth floor, Mr. Dorsey said, “I was happy that everybody was safe. We got lucky.” 1.What do we know about Vale Dorsey? A.He was the first to report the fire accident to the fire department. B.He lives on the floor below the apartment that caught fire. C.His apartment was also badly burned but he escaped from the fire. D.He woke up his wife and told her about the strange, sharp popping sounds. 2.From what part of the apartment did the flames e that the firefighters met? A.The hallway. B.The store room. C.One of the bedrooms. D.The kitchen. 3.Who was last found in the burning apartment according to the passage? A.The 1-year-old child. B.The 3-year-old child. C.The mother of the three children. D.The father of the three children. 4.We learn from the passage that ________. A.the children were in critical but stable condition after the fire accident B.there about 10 feet into the apartment Kearns found the mother of the three children C.Christopher OBrien used a fire extinguisher to try to keep the fire from spreading D.it was Rodney Littlejohn that found the 4-year-old in a bed shaped like a race car 參考答案： 1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.A 解析： 1.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段: Vale Dorsey, 66, who lives on the fifth floor, said he was awakened by his wife可得答案。] 2.[事實(shí)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段...met a wall of flames ing from the kitchen just inside the door of the burning apartment可得答案。] 3.[事實(shí)判斷題。根據(jù)第四段: Moments later, Lieutenant Kearns found a 1yearold in a crib.可知答案。] 4.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段:and the children were in critical but stable condition可知答案。] 二、單句語法填空 1．Read this story, ___________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 答案：and 2．(2018山東省統(tǒng)考)I’d like to place things where it is ___________ (convenience) to get them. 答案：convenient 3．The new government must set out ___________ (find) solutions to the country’s economic problems. 答案：to find 4．This old picture taken many years ago called ___________ my memories of the amusing experience. 答案：up 5．—Why did Bob cry? —He couldn’t bear ___________ (make) fun of like that in front of the whole class. 答案：being made 6．As for American children, the Christmas is ___________ (associate) with excitement, happiness and gifts. 答案：associated 7．(2018東北三省四市聯(lián)考)He took measures to make up his fault, which received our ___________ (recognize)． 答案：recognition 8．It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man ___________ the other animals. 答案：from 9．He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ll get ___________ it. 答案：over 10．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents ___________ (occasion)． 答案：occasionally 三、完形填空。 Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary. Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world ___1___ upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n) ___2___ man. It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the ___3___ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of ___4___ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an ___5___ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, ___6___ Marlow’s life work forever. The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him ___7___ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an ___8___ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, ___9___ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans. Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non-profit organization that ___10___ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through ___11___ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good Is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a ___12___ for others looking to make a positive ___13___ in the world from right where they are. The book does more than ___14___ people to do good—it puts the suggestion into action with every ___15___. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to ___16___ meals for children in our munities around the world,” Marlow explains. “Every book that is ___17___ will provide five meals for children in one of our munities. In the first 30 days after the book’s ___18___, we hit over 30，000 meals.” Help One Now is ___19___ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew. “We encourage those interested in working with the ___20___ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles,” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.” 語篇解讀：本文講述一個(gè)叫 Chris Marlow 的人，在他的一次津巴布韋旅途過后，那里挨餓的孤兒的現(xiàn)狀改 變了他對世界的看法。于是他成立了一個(gè)組織，幫助那些沒飯吃的孩子。 1.A. economy B. map C. view D. tour 【答案】C 【解析】view 意為“看法”，符合語境，即一次旅行改變了他對世界的看法。 2.A. astonished B. changed C. inspired D. confused 【答案】B 【解析】過去分詞 changed 在本句中作定語，意為“改變了的”，即他回到家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)成為一個(gè)完全改變了的 人。 3.A. atmosphere B. shape C. addition D. reality 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他在旅途中看到了極度貧困的事實(shí)狀況。atmosphere(氣氛)；shape(形狀)；addition(增加)； reality(現(xiàn)實(shí)；事實(shí))。根據(jù)語境可知選 D。 4.A. starving B. crying C. struggling D. running 【答案】A 【解析】starving(挨餓的)；crying(哭著的)；struggling(努力的；掙扎的)；running(跑著的)。根據(jù) children 后面的“begging for food”可知，A 項(xiàng)符合語境，即面對著一群正在討飯的挨餓的孩子。 5.A. abolished B. acquired C. attached D. abandoned 【答案】D 【解析】abolished(廢除的)；acquired(獲得的)；attached(附加的)；abandoned(廢棄的)。既然是睡在加油站， 所以可以推斷這一定是廢棄了的加油站。故選 D。 6.A. transformed B. transferred C. confirmed D. blocked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一個(gè)孤兒改變了他的人生。transform 意為“改變”，符合語境。 7.A. in return for B. in favour of C. in exchange for D. in search of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：那個(gè)孩子請求 Marlow 讓他為他工作換飯吃。in return for(作為……的回報(bào))；in favour of(支 持；贊同)；in exchange for(交換)；in search of(查找)。根據(jù)句意可知選 C。 8.A. interruption B. interval C. interview D. interaction 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境可知，他去那些孤兒那里的活動(interaction)讓他終生難忘。 9.A. convinced B. determined C. prepared D. satisfied 【答案】B 【解析】他下決心(determine)要找到辦法養(yǎng)活那些挨餓的孩子們。 10.A. reminds B. equips C. requires D. permits 【答案】B 【解析】equip 在這里意為“使具備；使有準(zhǔn)備”，符合語境，即他成立的這個(gè)組織，使得普通人通過簡 單的行動，去幫助那些窮孩子，為他們提供食物等。 11.A. brief B. graceful C. simple D. courageous 【答案】C 【解析】同上題，即通過簡單的(simple)行動，幫助窮孩子。 12.A. measure B. rule C. tool D. guide 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他出版的書作為那些想要對世界起到積極影響的人的指導(dǎo)用書(guide)。 13.A. decision B. request C. difference D. ment 【答案】C 【解析】 同上題， 即想要對世界起到積極影響的人的指導(dǎo)用書。 make a difference 意為“有影響； 起作用”， 符合語境。 14.A. encourage B. entitle C. allow D. appoint 【答案】A 【解析】句意：這本書起到的作用還不只是鼓勵(lì)(encourage)人們做好事。 15.A. attempt B. purchase C. publication D. adoption 【答案】B 【解析】purchase 意為“購買”，符合語境，即每當(dāng)有人購買這本書的時(shí)候。 16.A. submit B. contribute C. pass D. provide 【答案】D 【解析】即他們用賣書的錢給孩子們提供(provide)食物。 17.A. written B. sold C. read D. bought 【答案】B 【解析】每賣出(sold)一本書可以給孩子提供五頓飯。 18.A. release B. recovery C. reservation D. registration 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在這本書發(fā)行(release)后的前 30 天，賣書賺的錢夠提供 30, 000 頓飯的。 19.A. eventually B. annually C. currently D. permanently 【答案】C 【解析】他成立的這個(gè)組織目前(currently)正在幫助海地災(zāi)區(qū)的受害者。 20.A. organization B. munity C. corporation D. government 【答案】A 【解析】即指本段開頭的 Help One Now 這個(gè)組織(organization)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Cross the road very carefully. Look both sides，and you might be knocked down.___________ 答案：and→or 2．The teacher’s abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.___________ 答案：abruptly→abrupt 3．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.___________ 答案：frozen→freezing 4．He was overlooked when they set out choosing a new manager.___________ 答案：out→about 5．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss.___________ 答案：去掉第一個(gè)the 五、單元語法——過去分詞 1．(2018陜西西安質(zhì)檢)___________ (devote) to her job, Ms. Wang has no time to be with her daughter. 答案：Devoted 2．(2018陜西長安一中質(zhì)檢)___________ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order from Chinese. 答案：Translated 3．(2018綿陽一診)The first textbook ___________ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 答案：written 4．I don’t like going to supermarkets ___________ (locate) in the centre of the town. 答案：located 5．(福建卷)Tsinghua University，___________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 答案：founded