2019高考英語 詞匯（15）練習(xí)（含解析）.doc

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詞匯（15） 復(fù)習(xí)：1、核心單詞2、重點(diǎn)短語3、寫作句式4、我讀我練（詞匯應(yīng)用、句式仿寫） 【單句單詞語法填空】 1． The children dressed ______ long wool coats stopped to look at us. 答案：in　句意為：穿著長(zhǎng)羊毛外套的孩子們停下來看著我們。be dressed in意為“穿著……”，為固定搭配。 2．(2015福建廈門雙十中學(xué)檢測(cè)改編)The desire for selfimprovement has led many Chinese students to pursue educational opportunities ________ physical classrooms. 答案：beyond　句意為：自我完善的愿望促使許多中國(guó)學(xué)生去追求超越實(shí)體課堂教育的機(jī)會(huì)。beyond意為“超出……”。 3．(2015山東菏澤聯(lián)考改編)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 答案：in　句意為：由于有了這項(xiàng)新的科技，水下的山谷可以被拍成彩色照片。in color意為“彩色的”，符合句意。 4．(2015江蘇南通中學(xué)改編)She works well with those who are superior ________ her in the pany. 答案：to　句意為：她與公司那些職務(wù)高于她的人相處得很好。be superior to意為“優(yōu)于……；高于……”，為固定短語。 5．(2015江蘇鹽城調(diào)研改編)________ the Hong Kong singers current popularity, she was largely unknown in Chinese mainland before the talent show. 答案：Despite　句意為：雖然這個(gè)香港歌手現(xiàn)在很受歡迎，但是在才藝秀之前她在內(nèi)地還不為人知。despite意為“雖然”，符合句意。 核心單詞 1.incident n.　　　　　 事件；事變 2.increase n. 增加；增長(zhǎng)；提高 vt.& vi. 增加；增長(zhǎng) 3.independent adj. 獨(dú)立的；單獨(dú)的；自主的 4.individual adj. 單獨(dú)的，個(gè)別的；獨(dú)特的 　　　　n. 個(gè)人(體) 5.industry n. 工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè) 6.influence n.& vt. 影響 7.inform vt. 通知，告知 8.information n. 信息 9.initial adj. 開始的，最初的 10.innocent adj. 清白的；無辜的；無罪的；天真的；幼稚的 11.inspect vt. 檢查；視察；檢閱 　　　vi. 進(jìn)行檢查；進(jìn)行視察 12.inspire vt. 鼓舞，激勵(lì)，激起，喚起 13.instant adj. 立即的；立刻的；緊迫的；速食的；即食的 14.instruction n.(pl.) 指示；命令；用法說明；操作指南；[U]教育，指導(dǎo) 15.instrument n. 樂器；工具，器械 16.insure vt. 給……投保 17.intelligence n. 智力，才智，智慧 18.intention n. 打算，計(jì)劃，意圖 19.interest n. 興趣，趣味；利息 20.interrupt vt.& vi. 打斷(講話或講話的人)；打擾 21.interval n. 間歇；間隔 22.interview n. 會(huì)見，采訪，面試 　　　vt. 采訪，面試，接見 23.introduction n. 引進(jìn)，介紹 24.invention n. 發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造 25.invitation n. 邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)?zhí)? 重點(diǎn)短語 1.have/gain an advantage over　　　　　　有超出……的優(yōu)勢(shì) take (full) advantage of (充分)利用 to one’s advantage/to the advantage of sb 對(duì)某人有利 2.hold one’s breath　　　　　　　　　 屏住氣；屏息 take a deep breath＝breathe deeply 深呼吸 lose one’s breath 喘不過氣來 catch one’s breath 喘口氣；歇口氣；恢復(fù)正常呼吸 【閱讀理解】 A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling. The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years. The bin, designed by start-up pany Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it presses the waste so it occupies less space. It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are being more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home." Bin. E’s official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available. The office bin will sell at 430 while customers will need to pay a 107 subscription fee for an acpanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin. E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment. They added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.” 1.What do we know about about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph? A. It works automatically. B. It has been used widely. C. It is easy to operate. D. It is very expensive. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The waste. B. The camera. C. The bin. D. The sensor. 3.Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins? A. To change people’s behaviour, B. To satisfy increasing demands. C. To popularize new technology. D. To make them more famous. 4.Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. E’s official? A. At home. B. In the supermarket. C. In the open air. D. In the office. 【文章大意】本文介紹了一款可以智能分類垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。并對(duì)它的設(shè)計(jì)，市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了介紹。 2.C 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上段The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate這項(xiàng)發(fā)明可以幫助垃圾分類，可知it指代the smart bin，故選C。 4.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.最初只有一個(gè)為辦公室設(shè)計(jì)的更大膽版本才可以使用?？芍畛跏窃谵k公室使用，故選D。 寫作句式 It＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句 1.(2013陜西高考書面表達(dá))It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning. 我突然想到我應(yīng)該徹底打掃房間。 2.Talking of energy saving and greenhouse reductions, it happens that I have read a report on this topic in a newspaper. 談到節(jié)能減排，我碰巧在一份報(bào)紙上看到了有關(guān)這一話題的報(bào)道。 3.(2015福建高考書面表達(dá))As can be seen from the picture, a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems that he can hardly bear it any more. 正如圖畫上所看到的一樣，一個(gè)男孩肩負(fù)著那么沉重的作業(yè)以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。  我讀我練 Ⅰ.詞匯應(yīng)用 1.The growing speed of a plant is influenced(影響) by a number of factors. 2.If there is any change about the time of the meeting, please inform (通知) us in advance. 3.Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions (instruct) attached in the box, or you’ll be at risk. 4.Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation(invite). 5.A man who can think will always have__an__advantage__over (勝過) others. 6.He took__a__deep__breath (深深吸了一口氣)and dived into the water. Ⅱ.句式仿寫 1.她突然想到她應(yīng)該收養(yǎng)這個(gè)無家可歸的孩子。 It__occurred__to/struck/hit__her__that she should adopt the homeless child. 2.這真難以相信?？磥頉]有任何東西能讓他一蹶不振。 That’s incredible.It__seems__that__nothing can get him down. 3.恰巧就在那一天我會(huì)參加一個(gè)非常重要的銷售會(huì)議。 It__happens__that on that very day I will attend a very important sales meeting. 【練習(xí)】 Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless homeworks.However, some interested activities indeed contribute to reduce the pressure.Last week the entertainment department of our Student Union organized the activity in which each class shoot a short movie.Our class chose a story setting in World War Ⅱ，that showed the preciousness of peace.I think this process was a good lesson that taught to me how to strike a balance between studying or relaxation.Now I am determined than ever to treasure everything I have and fight for my future. 【答案】　 Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and endless .However, some activities indeed contribute to the pressure.Last week the entertainment department of our Student Union organized activity in which each class a short movie.Our class chose a story in World War Ⅱ， showed the preciousness of peace.I think this process was a good lesson that taught me how to strike a balance between studying relaxation.Now I am determined than ever to treasure everything I have and fight for my future. 第一處：homeworks→homework。考查名詞。homework為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第二處：interested→interesting?？疾樾稳菰~。interesting修飾物，意為“有趣的”；根據(jù)該句中的名詞activities可知答案；interested修飾人，意為“感興趣的”。 第三處：reduce→reducing?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。該句中短語“contribute to”中的to為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞。 第四處：the→an?？疾椴欢ü谠~。根據(jù)語境可知，該處泛指“一次活動(dòng)”，故用不定冠詞。 第五處：shoot→shot?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句的時(shí)間狀語“Last week”可知，該句陳述的事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。 第六處：setting→set?？疾檫^去分詞。a story和set之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示“以二戰(zhàn)為背景的故事”，故用過去分詞作后置定語。 第七處：that→which。考查關(guān)系代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代前面的a story，在從句中作主語，故用which。 第八處：刪除to?？疾楣潭ㄓ梅āeach為及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加賓語，不需要接to。teach sb.sth.為固定用法，意為“教某人……”。 第九處：or改為and。考查連詞。該處表示在學(xué)習(xí)和放松之間取得平衡。between...and...意為“在……和……之間”。 第十處：在am后加more。考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該句中的than可知，該處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。