2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 3 Travel journal（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 3 Travel journal 一、閱讀理解。 A new study has found the amount of antibiotics given to farm animals is expected to increase by two­thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs. The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotics­resistant (耐抗生素的)infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States. Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better,rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. Increasing prosperity in Asia has meant people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and dairy products as they did 50 years ago. To meet that demand, farms have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, often the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. It’s clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually, and the antibiotics-resistant bacteria can spread to people. Doctors find that antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer do. The bacteria have learned ways to fight the medicine. Doctors say the heavy use of antibiotics in animals is one of several reasons for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year. At least 23,000 die from an infection. Ramanan Laxminarayan heads the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. He says the problem is expected to get worse. He believes the use of antibiotics in animals will soon increase sharply. He says that will not be good for human health. He and other researchers wrote a report on the study, which was published in the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences. They used data from the United Nations that tell how and where livestock(牲畜) are raised today. They then predicted how such production would change by 2030. Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And she adds the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose. 1.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to keep farm animals healthy. B.The abuse of antibiotics in human beings. C.A new way of raising farm animals. D.The disadvantages of using antibiotics. 2.From he passage, we can infer that using antibiotics too often in farm animals ______. A.will lead to animals being less active B.causes animals to get infected more easily C.makes antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to people D.has a negative effect on the growth of animals 3.What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? A.The increasing need for meat. B.The need for eating diversely. C.The less effective antibiotics. D.The limited farm technology. 4.How will the use of antibiotics in animals according to Ramanan Laxminarayan? A.It will soon stop rising. B.It will soon increase sharply. C.It will soon rise steadily. D.It will soon increase slowly. 參考答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B 解析： 1.[縱觀全文便知,文章主要介紹了人們使用抗生素來飼養(yǎng)家畜帶來的缺點(diǎn)。如第一段:The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticsresistant (耐抗生素的)infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States和第五段等可得答案。] 2.[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句:But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually , and the antibioticsresistant bacteria can spread to people可得答案。] 3.[事實(shí)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段:Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs和第二段:Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.] 二、單句語法填空 1．This made Hannah very sad, and even more determined ________ (do) something. 答案：to do　be determined to do sth. “下定決心做某事”。 2．The World Health ________ (organize) says half of them will die if they are not treated. 答案：Organization　organization “組織”，the World Health Organization “世界衛(wèi)生組織”。 3．But that is not ________ many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. 答案：what　have sth. in mind “心里記著某事”，設(shè)空處是引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞，在從句中作賓語，故填what。 4．Not having persuaded Helen ________ (change) her mind, her parents had no choice but to allow her to go to China to travel alone. 答案：to change　persuade sb. to do sth. “勸說某人做某事”。 5．The governments attitude ________ the development of the flying car is favorable. 答案：to/toward(s)　attitude to/toward(s) ... “對……的態(tài)度”。 6．I graduated from university twenty years ago and ________ (teach) in a middle school ever since. 答案：have taught　ever since “自從……以來”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 7．She got me back to the UK even earlier than originally ________ (schedule)． 答案：scheduled　than originally scheduled “比起早先的安排”，此處than是連詞，其后是比較狀語從句，從句主語為it，謂語為was，省略主語和謂語后只剩scheduled。 8．One ________ (advantage) of living in the town is short of safe places for the children to play. 答案：disadvantage　由is short of ... 可知，此處在談?wù)摗吧钤谛℃?zhèn)的缺點(diǎn)”，因此填disadvantage “劣勢；缺點(diǎn)”。 9．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, hes ________ (rely)． 答案：reliable　此處形容詞reliable “可靠的；可信賴的”，在句中作表語。 10．They studied the question ________ (care) before they made the decision. 答案：carefully　此處副詞carefully修飾動詞studied。 三、完形填空。 My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of puter __1__，so I just set it up for her and let her __2__ with it on her own. As time went on，I __3__ the puter was hardly touched.She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and __5__ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment __6__ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the puter，looking quite __7__.The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序) had appeared and she didnt know how to __8__ it off.She had tried __9__ every key and it didnt work.I told her，“Just __10__ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to __11__ the puter up.What she did was to __12__ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the __13__ went pletely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny __14__.The more I laughed the __15__ she got. She thought that I was a(n)__16__ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overe her __17__ of breaking something and encouraged her to __18__ a little. About a week later，I found a homemade __19__ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face __20__ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the puter lessons.Love，Mom.” 1．A.theory　　　　　B．knowledge C．technology D．history 2．A.watch B．train C．play D．see 3．A.found B．heard C．thought D．ignored 4．A.why B．when C．how D．where 5．A.learned B．described C．explained D．discussed 6．A.and B．but C．because D．since 7．A.amusing B．relaxed C．interesting D．discouraged 8．A.get B．break C．cut D．turn 9．A.hitting B．feeling C．changing D．removing 10．A.hang B．shake C．rub D．push 11．A.clean B．wake C．bring D．take 12．A.put up B．cut off C．pick up D．put away 13．A.screen B．curtain C．cover D．window 14．A.adjustment B．imitation C．expression D．a(chǎn)ction 15．A.ruder B．happier C．a(chǎn)ngrier D．better 16．A.impatient B．humorous C．careful D．helpful 17．A.sadness B．pressure C．fear D．depression 18．A.reply B．observe C．a(chǎn)nswer D．experiment 19．A.inviting B．greeting C．shopping D．birthday 20．A.appeared B．stuck C．bined D．printed 【解題導(dǎo)語】該文主要講述了作者教退休的母親玩電腦的有趣故事。 1．B　根據(jù)下文中的“She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母親對電腦所知甚少，此處指電腦知識(knowledge)。 2．C　根據(jù)上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time”可知，作者給母親一臺自己的舊電腦是讓退休的母親自己玩。play with...“玩……”。 3．A　隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)電腦幾乎沒被碰過。 4．C　根據(jù)下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母親并不知道怎么(how)使用電腦，于是作者決定教她。 5．C　根據(jù)空處前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者給母親講解(explained)了相關(guān)的電腦知識。 6．A　根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)填連詞and，表示“然后，接著”。 7．D　結(jié)合語境可推知，母親不會玩電腦，感到很泄氣(discouraged)。 8．D　根據(jù)空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序)had appeared”及常識可推知，電腦出現(xiàn)屏幕保護(hù)程序，母親不知道怎么把它關(guān)掉。turn off“關(guān)掉”。 9．A　根據(jù)空后的“and it didnt work”可推知，母親因?yàn)椴欢迷趺搓P(guān)掉屏幕保護(hù)程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一個(gè)鍵。 10．B　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者教母親稍微晃動(shake)鼠標(biāo)即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。 11．B　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者是讓母親移動鼠標(biāo)，喚醒電腦。wake up“喚醒”，符合語境。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母親聽了作者的話就把鼠標(biāo)拿起來(pick up)，在空中搖晃。 13．A　根據(jù)語境可推知，母親不會玩電腦，拿著鼠標(biāo)亂晃，結(jié)果電腦屏幕(screen)全黑了。 14．D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者被母親搞笑的行為(action)給逗樂了。 15．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者越笑，母親越生氣(angrier)。 16．A　根據(jù)空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身為老師的母親對作者教自己玩電腦這件事很有看法，認(rèn)為作者沒有耐心(impatient)。 17．C　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者幫助母親走出了害怕(fear)損壞東西的陰影，鼓勵(lì)母親再嘗試一下。 18．D　參見上題解析。experiment“嘗試”，符合語境。 19．B　根據(jù)語境可知，母親自己制作了一張賀卡(greeting card) ，對作者表示感謝。 20．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指卡片貼在了作者的門上。stick to...意為“粘/貼在……”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．If you stand here, youll get better view of the river. ________________________________________________________ 答案：get后加a　get a better view of ...“更好地看到……”，view “風(fēng)景”，為可數(shù)名詞。 2．Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to being underlined before class. ________________________________________________________ 答案：being→be　動詞insist表“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，其后賓語從句中謂語動詞應(yīng)使用“(should＋)動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 3．The old man was still in good health. He preferred to work in the garden rather than sat idly. ________________________________________________________ 答案：sat→sit　prefer to do A rather than do B “寧愿做A而不愿做B”，rather than后要接動詞原形。 4．In my views, there is no need to care too much about your clothes. ________________________________________________________ 答案：views→view　in ones view “依某人看”，是固定短語。 5．Although Mr Li was ill, he still went to work on time as usually. ________________________________________________________ 答案：usually→usual　as usual “像往常一樣”，是固定搭配。 五、七選五 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　1　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　2　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 3 　 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 4 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 　 5 　 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure bees active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear bees active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，作者講的是有關(guān)冒險(xiǎn)的科學(xué)的探索方面的內(nèi)容。 1.F 【解析】選項(xiàng)F中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂與上文的＂weigh the risk and the reward＂相呼應(yīng)，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。 2.C 【解析】選項(xiàng)C中的＂Being better at those things＂與上文的＂were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼應(yīng)，因此選C。 3.A 【解析】前文說人們有各種不同的性格，因此你可能喜歡賽車，或者討厭賽車，故A項(xiàng)＂這完全是由你的性格決定的＂符合語境。 4.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文的＂your willingness...teenage years＂及下文的＂hunger for new experiences...＂可知E項(xiàng)符合語境。 5.G 【解析】根據(jù)空后的＂For the risk-seekers...bees active＂可知，此處講的是面對緊張的局面時(shí)我們的大腦會有不同的反應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。