2019高考英語一輪選練習(xí)題 模塊3 Unit 3 Back to the past（含解析）牛津譯林版.doc

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Back to the past 一、閱讀理解。 Unless action is taken immediately,there is a good chance that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the year 2020.How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people allow all sorts of waste products to flow into the sea.It is almost impossible to measure how much waste water and industrial waste end up in our oceans,but we can find out how much oil is poured into them legally and illegally.It is illegal to pour oil into the sea close to the shore,but when a ship is many miles out to sea there are no such rules.Scientists have different ideas as to the amount of oil put into the sea,but the lowest figure for oil poured in European waters alone is nearly 200,000 tons every year.Some people say the figure could be ten times as high. It is not only our coasts that suffer from oil pollution.Among other things,many shell fish (creatures which live in water,and have a hard shell)—oysters and mussels,for example—now have high amounts of poisonous substances.Next time you have shell fish to eat,how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution?You cannot see the effects and you cannot taste them,either.It is really quite a problem. 1.This passage is mainly about_____. A.pollution in the oceans B.the amounts of oil in the sea C.the amounts of poison in shell fish D.oil pollution in the waters 2.According to the passage,what is the main cause of oil pollution? A.Oil ships which meet and strike each other. B.Oil poured at sea when the oil tanks are cleaned out. C.Oil ing out of the bottom of the sea. D.Oil from waste water and industrial waste. 3.Which of the following is illegal? A.Pouring oil into the sea from land,especially when there is no other choice. B.Allowing waste materials to flow into the waters. C.Pouring oil at seaside. D.Going fishing when the water is polluted by oil. 參考答案： 1.D; 2.D; 3.C 解析： 本文說明的是海水的污染問題之一:向海中傾倒油所導(dǎo)致的污染。如果不立刻采取措施的話,在2020年之前所有的海洋就極有可能都變成死水一潭。 1.D 主旨大意題。本文說明的是向海中傾倒油所導(dǎo)致的污染。 2.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It is almost impossible to measure how much waste water and industrial waste end up in our oceans...”可知,這些油來自污水和工業(yè)廢物。 3.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It is illegal to pour oil into the sea close to the shore”可知選C項(xiàng)。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.Our hearts sank at the news that a pipeline _______ in Qindao and 62 people couldn’t survive the disaster. A. remove B. exploded C. reserve D. attacked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：聽到青島輸油管爆炸的消息我們的心沉下去了，62個(gè)人不能幸免于這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。exploded“爆炸”，符合句意。remove移除，reserve儲(chǔ)備，attack襲擊。 2._______ is no doubt _______ Jennifer will e to see me this weekend as usual. A. It, that B. It, whether C. There, that D. There, whether 【答案】C 【解析】doubt用作名詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，其后從句常用whether引導(dǎo)；在否定句和疑問句中使用that引導(dǎo)從句。There is no/little doubt that...是常用句式。句意：毫無疑問珍妮佛這個(gè)周末會(huì)像往常一樣來看我。 3.He turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied _______ that soon changed into a smile. A. impression B. expression C. conclusion D. information 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他在鏡子面前轉(zhuǎn)過來調(diào)過去地打量著自己，臉上嚴(yán)肅的表情不一會(huì)兒就變成了微笑。impression印象；expression表情，表達(dá)；conclusion總結(jié)；information信息。 4.Mr. Green is always devoted to his work and has a sense of responsibility. That’s why he was asked to _______ the pany when manager’s health was declining. A. take over B. hand over C. turn over D. trip over 【答案】A 【解析】句意：格林先生工作上很投入且富有責(zé)任心，那也是為什么當(dāng)經(jīng)理身體不好時(shí)讓請(qǐng)他掌管公司的原因所在。take over接管，掌管；hand over移交；turn over移交，翻閱；trip over絆倒。 5.John is appointed to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has _______ flu. A. e up with B. e down to C. e down with D. e up against 【答案】C 【解析】句意：約翰被派去代替經(jīng)理參加會(huì)議，經(jīng)理得了流感。e down with患(病)，符合題意。e up with提出，想出；e down to歸根結(jié)底，可歸結(jié)為；e up against面對(duì)，遭到……的反對(duì)。 6.Perhaps the most visible sign of the _______ of private wealth in China tries hard not to be visible at all - the private bodyguard. A. introduction B. explosion C. immigration D. investment 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在中國(guó)，私人財(cái)富暴增最明顯的跡象大概正是富人試圖努力不讓人察覺的——私人保鏢。explosion意為“突增，激增”，符合語境。introduction介紹；immigration移居，移民人數(shù)；investment投資。 7.There is some doubt among people_______$ 749 is too much for an iphone4. A. that B. whether ‘ C. what D. if 【答案】B 【解析】句意：許多人懷疑是否花749美元買個(gè)蘋果四太多了。There is some doubt whether...是個(gè)固定句型， doubt是名詞，后面跟whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 8.By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to _______ myself clearly. A. express B. expose C. enquire D. distribute 【答案】A 【解析】express 表達(dá)；expose泄露，透露，expose sth. to sb.將某事暴露給……；enquire 詢問；distribute 分發(fā)。句意：這么做，我不僅可以跟別人分享好的想法，還可以學(xué)會(huì)清楚地表達(dá)自己。 9.— As we know, keeping positive is beneficial to the process of our work and study. — You can say that again. Struggle not to let negative ideas _______. A. take over B. take off C. take on D. take up 【答案】A 【解析】take over接管，控制；take off起飛，成名；take on呈現(xiàn)；take up從事；句意：“正如我們知道的那樣，保持樂觀對(duì)于我們的工作和學(xué)習(xí)的過程都有好處。”“你可以再重復(fù)這句話。努力不讓消極的想法左右你(控制你)?！? 10.—Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much. —If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _______ to three fifty. A. e down B. take down C. turn over D. go over 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“四美元一雙？我覺得有點(diǎn)貴了?！薄叭绻阗I三雙，每雙降價(jià)到三點(diǎn)五美元。”e down下來，降低；take down記下；turn over移交給，把……反過來；go over重溫，復(fù)習(xí)。 11.— As a teenager, our son should have two or three hobbies to be really happy. —_______, but how can he afford the time with so much homework every day? A. So does he B. So he does C. So should he D. So he should 【答案】D 12.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _______ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【答案】B 【解析】動(dòng)詞seem之后用不定式，排除CD項(xiàng)；to do表將來，to have done表完成。根據(jù)句意“引擎就是發(fā)動(dòng)不起來，看起來好像出了什么毛病”可知答案為B。 13.Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others _______ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】主語“students’ inner motivation”表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，并且敘述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選A。句意：通常情況，學(xué)生的從別人對(duì)他們高的期望獲得的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)他們的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。 14.It is Jim, together with his cousins, that _______ for this terrible accident. A. is blamed B. is to blame C. are to blame D. should blame 【答案】B 【解析】本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，主語是Jim，together with his cousins是同位語，故后面的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的Jim一致；其次是blame一詞表示“受到責(zé)備”，動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，故應(yīng)用不定式，故選B項(xiàng)適合。句意：正是吉米和他的表兄弟們應(yīng)該為那起嚴(yán)重的事故負(fù)責(zé)。 15.Not only John and Tom but also their younger sister, Mary, _______ great interest in the piano lessons. A. take B. takes C. have taken D. had taken 【答案】B 【解析】not only…but also…連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，適用于就近原則，本句的主語是their younger sister，Mary是their younger sister的同位語，指的是同一個(gè)人，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。句意：不僅約翰和湯姆而且他們的妹妹瑪麗對(duì)鋼琴課很感興趣。 三、完形填空。 A homeless man walked up to me and asked me for some small change, “ I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story,” I said. He laughed, “You’ll give me a quarter for my story?’ I laid the 1 in front of him and 2 myself —“No, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.” Seeing him lost in 3 , I sat down next to him and waited. “ I was once a sniper(狙擊手)in the army.” he said. “ I was 4 to shoot down the enemy from the distance.” I listened attentively as he 5 his story. He told me how he 6 to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own 7 to respecting animals by not killing more than be needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt 8 and joined up. All those years of developing his hunting skills could now serve a larger 9 —to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to 10 at the front. “ I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone.” he continued. “One day they asked me to 11 a lady from the distance. I saw the kids near her and my hands were on the trigger(扳機(jī)). But I couldn’t 12 it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was 13 the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any 14 to me. ” The story went on as he described 15 being put into prison for 180 days for 16 to follow orders. “ I have no 17 ,” he said. “ I may be homeless now, 18 I never killed that lady.” He continued, “ I can live with being homeless, but I wouldn’t be able to stand killing 19 people.” On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never 20 to me that a hero could be a smelly old sniper. 語篇解讀：本文介紹了一位曾在部隊(duì)服役的狙擊手的故事。狙擊手在一次戰(zhàn)斗中因?yàn)榫芙^執(zhí)行槍殺一位帶著孩子的婦女的命令，被判處180天監(jiān)禁。出獄后卻找不到工作，淪為街頭乞丐。但是他卻一直不后悔自己的行為。他是一位真正的英雄。 1.A. note B. coin C. dollar D. wallet 【答案】B 2.A. blamed B. remended C. corrected D. rescued 【答案】C 【解析】A. blamed責(zé)備；B. remend推薦；C. corrected改正，糾正；D. rescued營(yíng)救，援救。此處指作者意識(shí)到自己做錯(cuò)了(指把錢放在那個(gè)無家可歸的人的前面的地上)，就趕緊改正(從下文所說的話，作者是把錢遞給了那個(gè)無家可歸的人)。 3.A. argument B. action C. consideration D. thought 【答案】D 【解析】A. argument爭(zhēng)論；B. action行動(dòng)；C. consideration考慮；D. thought想法。lost in thought“陷入沉思”。 4.A. observed B. supposed C. reminded D. determined 【答案】B 【解析】A. observed觀察； B. supposed假定；C. reminded 提醒，使想起；D. determined決定。be supposed to應(yīng)該，被期望。此處指“期望我能從遠(yuǎn)處開槍擊倒敵人”。 5.A. expanded on B. checked on C. counted on D. fixed on 【答案】A 【解析】A. expanded on詳細(xì)闡述，進(jìn)一步闡述；B. checked on檢查，調(diào)查；C. counted on指望，依靠，依賴；D. fixed on確定，決定。這兒是說“詳細(xì)闡述他的故事，即展開他的故事”。 6.A. desired B. wished C. failed D. used 【答案】D 【解析】A. desired渴望；B. wished希望；C. failed失?。籇. used使用。此處狙擊手講過去的事，used to過去常常。 7. A. method B. means C. way D. approach 【答案】D 8.A. annoyed B. honored C. astonished D. confused 【答案】B 【解析】A. annoyed煩惱的；B. honored光榮的；C. astonished吃驚的；D. confused困惑的。上文說“部隊(duì)來征兵時(shí)(the army came knocking on his door轉(zhuǎn)義為部隊(duì)來征兵)”，說明他想?yún)④?，感到參軍很光榮，所以就入伍了。 9.A. group B. business C. purpose D. result 【答案】C 【解析】A. group組；B. business商業(yè)；C. purpose目的；D. result結(jié)果。此處指多年的軍隊(duì)練習(xí)使他能實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的目的，保護(hù)人民。 10.A. serve B. hunt C. aim D. survive 【答案】A 【解析】A. serve服務(wù)；B. hunt打獵；C. aim 目的在于； D. survive生存。此處指他去前線服役，為國(guó)服務(wù)。 11.A. murder B. fight C. shoot D. recognize 【答案】C 【解析】A. murder謀殺；B. fight打仗；C. shoot射殺；D. recognize認(rèn)出。此處指：開槍射殺一位女士。 12.A. remain B. fire C. make D. decide 【答案】C 【解析】A. remain保持；B. fire點(diǎn)燃；C. make it做成，成功；D. decide決定。此處指狙擊手想到這位女士是無辜的，所以就沒下手，沒做成。故選C. 13.A. besides B. along C. inside D. among 【答案】D 【解析】A. besides除……外；B. along沿著；C. inside在……內(nèi)；D. among在……中間。此處指這位女 士在孩子們中間。 14. A. use B. reason C. value D. sense 【答案】D 【解析】make sense 意為“有意義”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。此處指“射殺那位女士對(duì)我來說沒有任何 意義”。 15.A. gradually B. eventually C. deliberately D. desperately 【答案】B 【解析】A. gradually逐漸地；B. eventually 最后；C. deliberately故意地；D. desperately拼命地。此處指 最后他被判處180天監(jiān)禁。 16.A. managing B. failing C. hesitating D. forgetting 【答案】B 【解析】A. managing管理；B. failing失敗(fail to do sth.沒有能夠做某事)；C. hesitating猶豫；D. forgetting 忘記。此處講他被判處180天監(jiān)禁的原因是他沒有服從命令。 17.A. ideas B. attempts C. regrets D. feelings 【答案】C 18.A. however B. rather than C. but D. contrary to 【答案】C 【解析】A. however然而，B. rather than而不是；C. but 但是；D. contrary to和……相反。前句為我現(xiàn)在無家可歸，后句為我沒殺害無辜者。上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故but。however表示讓步關(guān)系。 19. A. considerable B. considerate C. innocent D. ignorant 【答案】C 【解析】A. considerable相當(dāng)大(或多)的；B. considerate體貼的，體諒的，深思熟慮的；C. innocent無辜的；D. ignorant無知的。這里是說：我可以忍受無家可歸，但我不能忍受殺害無辜者。 20.A. happened B. seemed C. attached D. occurred 【答案】D 【解析】occur to sb.某人……突然想到。這里是說：我從沒想到一個(gè)又老又臟的狙擊手竟然是個(gè)英雄。 四、七選五。 The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 　 1 　But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight. 1. If you’re obese, blame your genes. 　 2 　Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less. 2. If you’re obese, you lack self-control. Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.　 3 　Even the most vigilant(警覺的) people may not be good controllers of themselves. 3. 　 4 　 Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the ＂food deserts＂, about 65 percent of the nation’s population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets. 4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise. Michelle Obama’s ＂Let’s Move＂ campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease.　 5 　In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity. B. Obesity rates have increased. C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity. D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and1990s. E. People hold different views on obesity. F. People benefit a lot from physical activities. G. Our world has bee so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can’t understand. 【語篇解讀】肥胖是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的主要問題之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一書中，作者介紹了人們對(duì)肥胖問題的幾種誤解。 1.E 【解析】根據(jù)下句由轉(zhuǎn)折意義的內(nèi)容＂But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.＂（但該書認(rèn)為下面幾點(diǎn)是關(guān)于肥胖的幾點(diǎn)誤解）可知，人們對(duì)肥胖問題觀點(diǎn)不一，故E項(xiàng)正確。 2.B 【解析】根據(jù)下句內(nèi)容＂Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.＂（然而，在1980年到2000年，美國(guó)肥胖的人數(shù)就翻了一番。該速度太快，可見肥胖并非遺傳因素所致）可知，此處表示＂肥胖比例有所增加，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)上句＂Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.＂（研究表明，如果我們面臨太多信息，我們很可能會(huì)就節(jié)食作出糟糕的選擇）可知，該句應(yīng)表示＂我們現(xiàn)在的食物如此豐富以致于我們會(huì)被引導(dǎo)以自己難以想象的方式去消耗食物＂，故選G項(xiàng)。 5.D 【解析】根據(jù)下句＂although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.＂（盡管跟工作相關(guān)的體力活動(dòng)減少導(dǎo)致人們少燃燒多達(dá)100卡路里，但休閑體力活動(dòng)似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世紀(jì)八十年代和九十年代，人們的體力活動(dòng)并未明顯減少，故選D項(xiàng)。