2019高考英語一輪選練習題 Unit 2 Healthy eating（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Unit 2　Healthy eating 一、閱讀理解 A A new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States. The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago. To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually. Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections. Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose. 【文章大意】　本文主要圍繞在農場動物身上使用抗生素的負面影響展開。 【難句分析】 The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money. 分析：本句為復合句。notes后接省略了連接詞that的賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有when引導的時間狀語從句when people stop living in poverty; they want to do 為省略了關系詞that的定語從句，修飾the first thing; rather than連接的并列結構在賓語從句中作表語。 譯文：世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，當人們擺脫貧窮之后，他們想做的第一件事情就是吃得好點，而不是掙更多的錢。 1. What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? A．The desire for new drugs. B．The less effective antibiotics. C．The outdated farm technology. D．The need for more various foods. 答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs.”可知，研究人員認為用于農場動物身上的抗生素的數量增加與人們對各種不同的食物的需求增加有關，故選D項。 2. What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO? A．Making a lot of money. B．Focusing more on health. C．Having more meat in their diet. D．Living in a better environment. 答案與解析：C考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.”可知，C項正確。 3 What can be inferred from the passage? A．Antibiotics do harm to animals. B．Antibiotics help animals stay healthy. C．Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe. D．Antibioticresistant bacteria spread to people. 答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。結合第四段中的“Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.”可推知，抗生素耐藥細菌傳播到了人身上，故選D。由第三段中的“Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.”可知，A項表述有誤，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.”可知C項表述錯誤，可排除；B項最具干擾性，因為B項本身是正確的，但是B項是文中的明確信息，不需要推斷得出，而題干所要求的選項需要經過推理判斷得來，所以B項不符合題意。諸如B項這類本身正確，但不滿足題干要求的選項是考生做題時需要特別留意的。 4. Whats the passage mainly about? A．The negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals. B．The advantages of using antibiotics. C．The reason for banning the use of antibiotics. D．A new way of raising farm animals. 答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。結合文章內容可以看出，本文主要說的是在農場動物身上使用抗生素的負面影響，故選A項。 B In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. Jean’s father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming munity in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳傘), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an "F" on it. The teacher told her it was a "fairy tale" and that none of the occupations she listed were women’s jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated. One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. "If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do?" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, "You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you don’t go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough." The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teacher’s desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of being a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. "Then do it!" she said. So Jean did. It didn’t happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasn’t in Jean’s nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way. She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副駕駛員). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines. 1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _________. A.it was mon for women to be airline pilots B. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the future C. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew up D. she was deeply hurt by her teacher’s ment on her dreams 2.What was Mrs Slaton’s reaction when she learned about Jean Harper’s dream? A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to. B. Offering Jean as much help as she could. C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream. D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties. 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream. B. Jean Harper’s great achievements in flying. C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot. D. Jean Harper’s determination to pursue her dream. 4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream? A. Her father’s influence on her. B. Mrs Slaton’s support. C. Her decision to stand up for herself. D.A teacher’s humiliation when she was in the third grade. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了Jean Harper如何在英語老師的鼓勵下，實現了當一名飛行員的夢想。 1.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Jean was devastated and humiliated"和第四段中的"The hurt and fear of years of discouragement"可知答案為D。 3.B 【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要講述了Jean Harper在飛行方面的成就，所以答案為B。 4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到的Jean Harper的兩位老師，一位打擊她的夢想，讓她幾乎對此喪失信心；另一位老師給她無限的信心，讓她相信自己，堅持追尋夢想，所以答案為B。 二、七選五 (2018云南省昆明市高三復習教學質量檢測) How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very mon experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (調味品) and enjoying each others pany. __1__ Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables. Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. __2__ Choose any food that you enjoy. Some mon choices for a Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. __3__ Mushrooms of all kinds are also mon to Chinese hot pot preparations. __4__ At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. __5__ A．Finally, arrange the seating reasonably. B．Now es the turn to enjoy your hot pot! C．It will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully. D．Here are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home. E．For more variety，consider dumplings，rice cakes and tangyuan. F．Popular choices include：cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato. G．It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文。吃火鍋在中國是常見的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。 1．答案與解析：D根據該空位置并結合本文標題“How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot”可知，空處承上啟下，引出下文對如何做火鍋的敘述，故D項與此處匹配。 2．答案與解析：C根據前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要將各種肉和魚切成薄片，據此可以判斷，這樣就能保證食物能很快煮熟，故C項正確。 3．答案與解析：F根據前一句“Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables”可知，同時要選擇、清洗并準備一些蔬菜，據此可以判斷，空處列舉常見的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項正確。 4．答案與解析：A根據空處所在位置可知，空處為該段主題句；根據第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并結合該段內容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項正確。 5．答案與解析：B根據空處所在的位置并結合語境可知，在火鍋的各種準備工作完畢后，就應該開始享受了，故B項正確。 三、短文改錯 Last weekend I went on a ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we appreciate the beautiful scenery and fresh air，so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw rubbishes here and there. I dont think that it is a truly ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well as.A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all cleaner water and green trees.Enjoyed the beauty of nature，we should try their best to protect it. 【答案】　 Last weekend I went on ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we the beautiful scenery and fresh air， a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw here and there. I dont think that it is a ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well .A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all water and green trees. the beauty of nature，we should try best to protect it. 第一處：a→an。考查冠詞。ecotravel的讀音以元音音素開頭，所以用an。 第二處：appreciate→appreciated?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據時間狀語Last weekend可知，應用一般過去時。 第三處：so→but?？疾檫B詞。一路上我們欣賞美麗的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示轉折關系，故用but。 第四處：rubbishes→rubbish?？疾槊~。rubbish作“垃圾”講，為不可數名詞。 第五處：truly→true?？疾樾稳菰~。此處應用形容詞修飾名詞ecotravel。 第六處：刪除well后的as?？疾楣潭ū磉_。as well as后跟賓語，意為“以及”，不符合語境，此處應用as well表示“也”，放在句末。 第七處：like前加be。考查系動詞。此處like是介詞，should后缺少be動詞。 第八處：cleaner→clean?？疾樾稳菰~。根據and后面的green以及語境可知，此處應用形容詞原級。 第九處：Enjoyed→Enjoying?？疾榉侵^語動詞。主語we和enjoy之間是主謂關系，所以應用現在分詞。 第十處：their→our。考查代詞。主語是we，此處表示“我們應該盡我們最大的努力去保護大自然”，故應用our。 四、語法填空 (2018濰坊模擬) All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do. The stomach must have a time __1__ (rest) between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. This they __2__ (usual) get while we are asleep. We must not fail to give them enough rest, or they will soon get __3__ (wear) out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well __4__ tired out, they find they cannot sleep well __5__ night. A number of little things can contribute to a good sleep. A hot foot bath, __6__ draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found __7__ (benefit). A glass of hot milk or cocoa, __8__ (take) just before going to bed, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion(消化不良), a plain diet will relieve. Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes __9__ (produce) the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. Never take any __10__ (sleep) tablets except upon the advice of a physician, for they usually contain drugs that will injure the heart. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇科普類說明文。人體的各個器官都需要良好的休息。本文詳細介紹了幾條提高睡眠質量的方法。 1．答案與解析：to rest　考查非謂語動詞。句意為：胃必須用兩餐之間的間隔時間來休息。have a time to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“有時間去做某事”。故填to rest。 2．答案與解析：usually　考查副詞?？崭裉幮揎梽釉~get，故用形容詞usual的副詞形式usually。 3．答案與解析：worn　考查過去分詞。該句主語they指代第一段第三句中的“The other parts of the body”，和動詞短語wear out之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，wear應用過去分詞形式。故填worn。 4．答案與解析：or　考查連詞。根據語境可知，該句中的not well和空格后的tired out為選擇關系，表示“或者”。故填or。 5．答案與解析：at　考查介詞。表示“在晚上”用固定短語at night。故填at。 6．答案與解析：which　考查定語從句。分析該句結構可知，空格處引導非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞“A hot foot bath”，并在從句中作主語，所以用which引導該定語從句。故填which。 7．答案與解析：beneficial　考查形容詞。該句中的found為感官動詞，在該處用作系動詞，后應接形容詞作表語，意為“有利的，有益的”。故填beneficial。 8．答案與解析：taken　考查非謂語動詞。該句中的主語“A glass of hot milk or cocoa”和動詞take之間為被動關系，故用其過去分詞作狀語。故填taken。 9．答案與解析：produces/will produce　考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為：在硬床上不墊任何枕頭睡覺有時會達到你想要的效果。根據句意可知，該句陳述的是客觀道理或預料將要發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現在時或一般將來時。故填produces/will produce。 10．答案與解析：sleeping　考查名詞。sleeping tablet意為“安眠藥片”，相當于sleeping pill，為固定用法。故填sleeping。 【長難句分析】All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do.(第一段第一句) 分析：該句為主從復合句，句中“although each one has its special part to do”為although引導的讓步狀語從句。 譯文：人體的所有部位協同工作，盡管每個部位都有其特殊作用。