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1、無損檢測(cè)技術(shù)畢業(yè)論文
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
（ 2012 屆）
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目： 磁粉檢測(cè) 通用工藝規(guī)程
系 部： 機(jī)械工程技術(shù)系
班 級(jí)： 無損檢測(cè)0911
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
指 導(dǎo) 教 師：
二0一二 年 六 月 一 日
摘要
磁粉檢測(cè)是將鋼鐵等鐵磁性材料制作的工件予以
2、磁化，利用其缺陷部位能吸附磁粉的特征，依磁粉分布顯示被探測(cè)物體表面缺陷和近表面缺陷的探傷方法，縮寫為MT。
我國(guó)近年來磁粉檢測(cè)設(shè)備發(fā)展也很快，已實(shí)現(xiàn)了系列化，三項(xiàng)全波直流探傷超低頻退磁設(shè)備的性能已打到國(guó)外同類設(shè)備的水平。交流探傷就機(jī)用于剩磁法檢驗(yàn)時(shí)加裝斷電相位控制器保證剩磁穩(wěn)定是我國(guó)的特色。斷電相位控制器利用可控硅技術(shù)，可以代替自藕變壓器無級(jí)調(diào)節(jié)磁化電流，還為我國(guó)磁粉檢測(cè)設(shè)備的電子化和小型化奠基了基礎(chǔ)。智能化設(shè)備已生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用光電掃描圖像識(shí)別的磁粉探傷機(jī)已研制成功。用電腦處理磁痕現(xiàn)實(shí)的試驗(yàn)研究有很大的進(jìn)展，自動(dòng)化和半自動(dòng)化設(shè)備有不少應(yīng)用。
鐵磁材料工件被磁化后，由于不連續(xù)性的存在，使工件
3、表面和近表面的磁感應(yīng)線發(fā)生局部畸變而產(chǎn)生漏磁場(chǎng)，吸附施加在工件表面的磁粉，在合適的光照下形成目視可見的磁痕，從而顯示出不連續(xù)性的位置、大小、形狀和嚴(yán)重程度。磁粉檢測(cè)的質(zhì)量控制，是建立在對(duì)影響磁粉檢測(cè)靈敏度和檢測(cè)可靠性的諸因素逐個(gè)地加以控制基礎(chǔ)之上的。磁粉檢測(cè)的能力，取決于施加磁場(chǎng)的大小和缺陷的延伸方向，還與缺陷的位置、大小和形狀等因素有關(guān)。
根據(jù)工件的幾何形狀、尺寸大小和欲發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷的方向而在工件上建立的磁場(chǎng)方向，將磁化方法一般分為周向磁化、縱向磁化和多向磁化。所謂周向與縱向，是相對(duì)被檢工件上的磁場(chǎng)而言的。
磁粉檢測(cè)器材有磁粉（熒光磁粉和非熒光磁粉）、載液（油基載液和水載液）磁懸液、反差增強(qiáng)
4、劑、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試片和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試塊等等。磁粉檢測(cè)設(shè)備的分類形式也不一樣，常見的磁粉檢測(cè)設(shè)備有攜帶式探傷機(jī)如電磁軛、交叉磁軛、帶電極觸頭的小型磁粉探傷機(jī)或永久磁鐵等。
關(guān)鍵詞 磁粉檢測(cè) 設(shè)備 器材 工藝規(guī)程
Abstract
Magnetic particle testing is made of ferromagnetic materials such as steel shall be workpiece magnetized and use the defective parts can absorb the characteris
5、tics of magnetic powder, magnetic powder distribution according to show is to detect the object surface defects and near surface defects detection method abbreviation for MT。
In recent years in China magnetic powder testing equipment development is soon，has realized the seriation， three whole wa
6、ve dc testing ultralow frequency equipment performance has hit demagnetized to similar foreign equipment level。Exchange detection is the machine used to test the power of residual magnetism when phase controller ensure stability in our country is the characteristics of residual magnetism。The phase c
7、ontroller using thyristor technology power， can replace the lotus root stepless adjusting magnetization current transformer，magnetic powder detection equipment for our country electronic and the basic foundation miniaturization。Intelligent equipment already production application optoelectronic scan
8、ning image recognition magnetic powder flaw detector has successfully developed。Using the computer processing magnetic image on the test of reality to much progress， automation and half automation equipment has many applications。
The ferromagnetic materials workpiece magnetized by the existence of
9、continuity，to make the work surface and near surface of magnetic induction line to occur from local distortion leakage magnetic field，on the surface of the adsorption of magnetic powder，in the right light visual visible magnetic image formation, which shows the location of the continuity not size an
10、d shape and severity。The magnetic powder detection quality control， is based on magnetic powder detection sensitivity and influence the inspection reliability of the categories to try to control foundation。Magnetic particle testing ability，depends on the size of the magnetic field on the extension d
11、irection and defects，and the position of the defects related to such factors as the size and shape。
According to the size and shape of the to the direction of defects found in the direction of the magnetic field set up, will be magnetized method are generally weeks magnetized longitudinal magnet
12、ization and trap to so-called weeks with longitudinal magnetization to, is a relative of workpiece is on the part of the magnetic field。
Magnetic particle testing equipment have magnetic powder (fluorescent powder and the fluorescent powder) in liquid (water in liquid and carrying oil-base liqui
13、d) magnetic levitation liquid contrast enhancement agent standard specimens and standard test blocks and so on magnetic powder detection equipment classification form is different also，common magnetic powder testing equipment portable testing machine such as electromagnetic yoke cross magnetic yoke
14、contacts with electrodes small magnetic。
The magnetic powder detection technology, it is to point to include magnetic particle testing preprocessing magnetized (choose magnetization method and magnetized standard) on the magnetic powder or suspension of magnetic image observing and recording def
15、ects rating demagnetization and post-processing seven the whole process of the program。The timing of the magnetic particle testing should be based on the different material and decide on the workpiece magnetized magnetic powder or suspension method have continuous method of residual magnetism dry sp
16、ecial equipment magnetic particle testing universal process planning should include at least the following content；the applicable scope；Reference standard rules and regulations。Testing personnel qualification；Detection equipment and materials；Test surface preparation；Testing time；Detection technolog
17、y and detection technology；The results of detection levels of quality evaluation and classification；The record of inspection reports and data archive；Prepare (level) audits (level) and approval；Date set。
Keywords magnetic particle testing facility equipment technological procedure
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目錄
第一章 概訴
1.1磁粉檢測(cè)的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史和現(xiàn)狀…………………………………………………1
1.2磁粉檢測(cè)………………………………………………………………………2
1.3表面無損檢測(cè)方法的比較……………………………………………………4
第二章 磁粉檢測(cè)物理基礎(chǔ)
2.1 磁粉探傷中的相關(guān)物理量……………………………………………………4
2.2 鐵磁性材料……………………………………………………………………6
2.3電流的磁場(chǎng)……………………………………………………………………7
2.4漏磁場(chǎng)………………………………
19、…………………………………………7
第三章 磁化電流和磁化方法
3.1磁化電流………………………………………………………………………9
3.2磁化方法………………………………………………………………………11
3.3總結(jié)……………………………………………………………………………….........................................................
磁粉檢測(cè) 通用工藝規(guī)程 畢業(yè)論文
