2019-2020年高考英語語法 巧解順口溜倒裝輕松學(xué).doc

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2019-2020年高考英語語法 巧解順口溜，倒裝輕松學(xué) 倒裝句是高中語法的重要內(nèi)容，也是高考的一大考點(diǎn)。倒裝情況比較復(fù)雜，下面用新穎獨(dú)特的方法歸納編成口訣，把繁雜的倒裝情況變得妙趣橫生，讓同學(xué)們?cè)谛β曋校伎贾休p松愉快地掌握它們，并且印象深，記得牢。 一、副介分作地狀表，位于句首全倒裝 1、在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語的副詞或介詞短語（here/there/up/ Down/away/Off/by the river等位于句首，且主語不是人稱代詞，此時(shí)用完全倒裝。例如： 1. —Is everyone here?—Not yet……Look, there e the rest of our guests! There置于句首，形成完全倒裝。此時(shí)，句中謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)后面的主語（the rest of our guests）而確定為復(fù)數(shù)。 2. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語提前，形成完全倒裝。 2、當(dāng)句中的表語（分詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語）置于句首時(shí)，也用完全倒裝。例如： Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. “出席……的有……”因?yàn)橹髡Z較長(zhǎng)，因此把分詞短語attending the ceremony提到句首以保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，形成完全倒裝。 二、句首否定副介連，部分倒裝大家族 含有否定或半否定意義的副詞、介詞短語、連詞放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。這類副詞或介詞短語很多，猶如一個(gè)大家族。他們hardly (scarcely), no, not, little, seldom, never, rarely, by no means, at no time, in no case, no sooner…(than), not until, not only等。例如： 1. Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. never為否定副詞，放在句首用部分倒裝；根據(jù)語境應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad. not until放在句首要用部分倒裝，而consider發(fā)生在retired之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用一般過去時(shí)。 3. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress. by no means 為否定意義的短語，放在句首用部分倒裝。 4. The puter was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers’ energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. not only… but (also) 連接兩個(gè)分句，前一分句中not only為否定意義的短語，位于句首用部分倒裝。 三、 句首neither, nor及so，部分倒裝“也如此” 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“So /Neither/ Nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞be+主語”中，表示前面說話的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人（物），即“也（也不）如此”。例如： 1. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and Neither was I. 句意為：我也不高興。 2. — My room gets very cold at night. —So does mine. so sb do意為“的確如此”；so do sb意為“也是如此”。本句意為：我的（房間）也是如此。 3. — I reminded you not to forget the appointment. —so you did. 本句意為：你的確提醒了我。 四、only連接副介從，位于句首半倒裝 當(dāng)“only+狀語（副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句）”放在句首時(shí)，句子用半倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1. Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused. only +副詞作狀語置于句首，用部分倒裝；時(shí)間狀語（then）提示用一般過時(shí)。 2. Only with the greatest luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. only +介詞短語作狀語置于句首，用部分倒裝；而語境提示用一般過時(shí)。 3. Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. only +狀語從句置于句首，用部分倒裝。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。 五、結(jié)果狀從such、so，位于句首半倒裝 在結(jié)果狀語從句“so/such…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若so/such提到句首時(shí)，主句構(gòu)成半倒裝。例如： So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape. 在so ...that..句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，so與其所修飾的詞置于句首，用部分倒裝。 六、虛擬條件及讓步，從句倒裝有特殊 1、虛擬條件從句中含有had, should或were時(shí)，可以省略if而將had, should或were提到主語的前面，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. Had he caught…為If he had caught…的省略和倒裝。 2、在as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可以將從句的表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形提前，構(gòu)成特殊的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：“表語/狀語+as/ though+主語......，主句”或“動(dòng)詞原形+ as/though +主語+might/did，主句”?？祭? 1. Try as/though she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. 本題結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞原形+ as/though+主語+might”。 2. Unsatisfied as/ though he was with, he took the job just to get some work experience. 本題為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) “表語+though +主語+……”。 3. Quiet student as/though he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 在讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“表語+though/as+主語+……”中，表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，前面不用冠詞。 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)或括號(hào)內(nèi)提示的內(nèi)容，在句子空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不超過3個(gè)詞）。 1. No sooner ______Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 2. Not until I returned ______ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 3. _____ you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 4. It’s nice. Never before ( I have) such a special drink! 5. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______( they reach) a decision. 6. At the foot of the mountain ______ a village. 7. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _______________( the thief flee). 8. So much of interest _____ the story offer that everyone likes it very much. 9. If Tom’s wife won’t go to the party, ______________ he. 10. Try ______ she might, Mary couldn’t get the door open. (Keys: 1. had 2. did 3. Should 4. have I had 5. did they reach 6. lies /is 7. fled the thief 8. does 9. neither will /nor will 10. as/ though)