電大【醫(yī)院管理學(xué)】重點(diǎn)參考小抄

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1、專業(yè)好文檔 *醫(yī)療事故：醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)及醫(yī)務(wù)人員在醫(yī)療活動(dòng)中，違反醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生管理法規(guī)、行政法規(guī)、部門規(guī)章和診療護(hù)理規(guī)范、常規(guī)，過(guò)失造成患者人身?yè)p害的事故 *醫(yī)療事故的構(gòu)成要件必須具備以下幾個(gè)方面：1）醫(yī)療事故的主體必須是醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)及其醫(yī)務(wù)人員 2）醫(yī)療事故發(fā)生在醫(yī)療活動(dòng)中 3）造成醫(yī)療事故的行為存在違法性4）醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)及其醫(yī)務(wù)人員在主觀上存在過(guò)失 5)過(guò)失行為和損害后果之間存在因果關(guān)系 *醫(yī)療糾紛：醫(yī)療糾紛是指醫(yī)患雙方對(duì)診療過(guò)程發(fā)生的不良后果及其產(chǎn)生原因認(rèn)識(shí)不一致而發(fā)生的爭(zhēng)議 基本醫(yī)療的界定：基本診療技術(shù)、基本藥物、基本設(shè)施和基本償付費(fèi)用 *醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)評(píng)估評(píng)價(jià)功效性與安全性讀額方法：1）臨床前期

2、評(píng)價(jià)法 2）非正規(guī)的臨床評(píng)價(jià)法 3）流行病學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)法 4）臨床對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā) 5）正規(guī)綜合法 *首診負(fù)責(zé)制：指首次接診病員的科室和醫(yī)師對(duì)病員的檢查、診斷、治療和搶救均應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任制度 醫(yī)療服務(wù)質(zhì)量：醫(yī)療服務(wù)質(zhì)量是指醫(yī)療服務(wù)消費(fèi)者實(shí)際感知的醫(yī)療服務(wù)水平(即體驗(yàn)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量)與他們對(duì)服務(wù)質(zhì)量的期望(即期望的服務(wù)質(zhì)量)之間的對(duì)比。 *《國(guó)際醫(yī)院評(píng)審標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》：（一）以患者為中心的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1）醫(yī)療服務(wù)的可及性和連續(xù)性 2）患者及其家屬的權(quán)利 3）患者病情的評(píng)估 4）患者的治療 5）患者及其家屬的教育 （二）醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1）質(zhì)量改進(jìn)與患者安全 2）感染的預(yù)防與控制 3）管理體制，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和指導(dǎo) 4）設(shè)施管理與

3、安全 5）員工的資質(zhì)與教育 6）信息的管理 *臨床藥師：以系統(tǒng)藥學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，具有一定的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)，熟悉對(duì)藥物性能與作用，了解疾病治療要求與特點(diǎn)，參與合理用藥方案設(shè)計(jì)與保障。具有臨床藥學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，或臨床藥學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位并在醫(yī)院工作3年以上，或藥學(xué)專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)，在醫(yī)院工作獲得中級(jí)職稱的藥學(xué)技術(shù)人員擔(dān)任 *醫(yī)院感染：住院病人在醫(yī)院內(nèi)獲得的感染，包括在住院期間發(fā)生的感染或醫(yī)院內(nèi)獲得出院后發(fā)生的感染，但不包括如愿前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始或住院時(shí)已經(jīng)處于潛伏期的感染。醫(yī)院工作人員在院內(nèi)獲得的感染也屬于醫(yī)院感染 醫(yī)院感染的類型：1）外源性感染 2）內(nèi)源性感染 醫(yī)院感染的危險(xiǎn)因素：宿主因素，病原體因素，

4、環(huán)境因素 *醫(yī)院質(zhì)量管理的三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：院級(jí)質(zhì)量管理，科室管理，個(gè)人崗位工作人員 注意填空題第一章和第二章比較多 其他重點(diǎn)老師說(shuō)不能全給 （*號(hào)為必考，老師說(shuō)的） 臨床藥師和醫(yī)院感染重點(diǎn)部分有發(fā)散性，自己多看看 Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is

5、 still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA. Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day. Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top t

6、ry scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight. But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far. The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of b

7、ecoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011. "Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head

8、of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. "I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport. "For me its about how he felt

9、and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was." Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation

10、 into the referees actions. CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. Th

11、e weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) wh

12、ere our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e

13、can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make th

14、e same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester. Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament. That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-co

15、oked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then. They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorou

16、s stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates. It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final. In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugb

17、y league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday. The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence. They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.