職稱英語 理工A第2套 爭鋒軟件考前沖刺密卷

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1、2014爭鋒軟件考前沖刺密卷 （理工A 第2套/共2套） 本試卷是爭鋒軟件教研專家組在2014年考前特意為學(xué)員朋友準(zhǔn)備的考前磨刀石，其重要程度絕不亞于考前押題。建議打印出來進(jìn)行作答。 考前最后幾天備考方案： 3月24~25日：把考前押題當(dāng)做練習(xí)，認(rèn)真作答同時記憶。實在記不住的，也要最大程度加深印象（金牌保過版客戶，閱讀理解部分在自己作答之后，請結(jié)合軟件中“名師課堂-閱讀理解精講”課程進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，以減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)，增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果）。 3月26~27日：閉卷作答沖刺密卷，然后認(rèn)真參照答案、解析、全文翻譯進(jìn)行仔細(xì)回顧，做到對每一個題、每一篇文章及翻譯都有深刻印象。強(qiáng)調(diào)沖刺密卷必須閉卷作答，就

2、當(dāng)是在考試一樣，這樣印象才會深刻（不排除沖刺密卷中有考試題的可能性）。 3月28日：（1）強(qiáng)化記憶考前押題 （2）把做過的沖刺密卷從頭到尾認(rèn)真看一遍再加深印象。 使用字典排版方式的朋友，請熟悉每篇文章在排版中的位置，以便考試時能迅速查閱。 幾天時間要做這么多題，掌握這么多內(nèi)容，可能確實有些難為大家了，知道大家工作都很辛苦，很忙，但是為了您能一次過關(guān)，請大家務(wù)必咬牙堅持，堅持就是勝利！再苦再累也就幾天時間，請一定嚴(yán)格按以上要求進(jìn)行最后階段沖刺備考！ 加油！勝利一定屬于您！ 第1部分：詞匯選項 （第1~15題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為

3、每一處劃線部分確定一個意思接近的選項。 1．The latest car model embodies many new improvements． A)consists of B)includes C)makes up D)marks 2．Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages． A)crudely B)rarely C)originally D)symbolically 3．Medicine depends on other fields for basic information，part

4、icularly some of their specialized branches． A)conventionally B)obviously C)especially D)inevitably 4．The discovery was sensational． A)sexy B)surprising C)exceptional D)exciting 5.We shall take the treasure away to a safe place． A)clean B)pretty C)distant D)secure 6. We all think that

5、 the new device he has proposed is ingenious 　　A) effective B)clever C)implausible D)original 7 .The curious look from the strangers around her mad her feel uneasy. 　　A)difficult B)worried C)anxious D)unhappy 8．In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue

6、。 　　A) extremely thorough B) long and boring C)superficial D)unconvincing 9．The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me． 　　A)reasonable B)sensible C)crazy D)unbelievable 10．Examination papers of the class were marked without bias． 　　A)immediately B)correc

7、tly C)fairly D)carefully 11．Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it 　　A)competitive B)diligent C)qualified D)competent 12．The Constitutions vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change． 　A) imprecise　　B)conc

8、ise　　C) unpolished　　D)elementary 13．Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment 　 A) acceptable　　B)conservative　　C)western　　D)conventional 14．It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed，notably in the pensions area． 　 A) noticeabl

9、y　　B)remarkably　　C)particularly　　D)significantly 15．Loud noises can be annoying． 　 A) hateful　 B)painful　　C)horrifying　　D)irritating 第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。 Biodiesel Yuthachai of Thailand h

10、as invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biocliesel is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it limits the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which hav

11、e become increasingly expensive. Yuthachai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodiesel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fuel at service stations, but refuses to sell his patent, de

12、spite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible to farmers, so they can make their own fuel. There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachai’s is one of the most basic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one par

13、t kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines. Despite the public interest in loiodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachai’s fuel. Since there is currently no regulatory system for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachai’s f

14、uel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700,000 liters a day of biodiesel made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 4-6 US cents cheaper than diesel. According to some sci

15、entists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to refine the waste oil is being built in Thailan

16、d. The plant will show the biodiesel-making potential of 60,000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily. Other Asian countries have been researching biodiesel-Malaysia, and the Philippines for 20 years-but Thailand is the first country to have public policy supporting its commerci

17、alization. That trend looks like continuing, with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until that’s working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais. 16 Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodies

18、el. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17 Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18 Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 19 Malaysia, and the Philippines are

19、 the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20 Yuthachais fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21 Yuthachai, the inventor of

20、 biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US-Thailand joint venture in Bangkok. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22 It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers interest before his own. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 第3部分 概括大意與完成句子（第23~30題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第

21、23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1、2、4、5段每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。 Hurricanes 1 Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc~ but in 1953, females’ names were given because of the unpredict

22、ability (不可預(yù)知) factor of the storms. In 1979: realizing the sexist （性別歧視的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women. 2 Hurricanes and typhoons (臺風(fēng)) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West India

23、n word hurricane, meaning “big wind”. And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning “ great wind”. To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter. 3 Hu

24、rricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water .vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝結(jié))) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can onl

25、y be found in tropical region. 4 Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year ! The proble

26、m is that we don’t know how to make sure such great energy work for us. 5 Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the

27、 same location for several days. It can be maddening (發(fā)瘋的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit. 6 The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still

28、kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again. A A short history of naming hurricanes B Harnessing the hurricane energy C Difficulty in forecasting the course of a humcane D Huge energy stored in a hurncane E Forecasting a humcane through satellite watching

29、 F Different names for the same things 23、Paragraph 1_________ 24、Paragraph 2_________ 25、Paragraph 4_________ 26、Paragraph 5_________ 27 Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of_______ 28 Using weather satellites can ensure_______ of hurricanes. 2

30、9 Energy specialists may be interested in _____of hurricanes. 30 Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to_______ A the timely（及時的）discovery B convenience C sex equality D its connection with humans E the huge power F its uncertainty 第4部分

31、閱讀理解（第33~35題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。 第一篇 Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it

32、is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel.Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil , but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fa

33、st reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the world’s poor too. “Renewable” refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster th

34、an they can be replaced. The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. China’s Three Gorges Dam, which has

35、 just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the US’s Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of China’s entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly cont

36、ribute greenhouse gases. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrup

37、ling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the world’s entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natur

38、al beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign – they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint, altering climate and killing sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building Europe’s largest wind fa

39、rm, which will power 200000 homes. The UK’s goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable. 31.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article? A.Petroleum and coal. B.N

40、atural gas. C.Wind and water. D.A and B. 32.China’s Three Gorges Dam A.is the first hydroelectric dam in the world B.is of the same size of the US’s Hoover Dam. C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. D.supplies around 20% of the world electricity. 33.Which is t

41、he country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides? A.China. B.Norway. C.England. D.America. 34.Which of the following statements is true of wind power? A.There is plenty of wind to provide the world’s entire energy needs. B.It is the most

42、rapidly growing type of electricity production. C.It may not be reliable. D.All of the above. 35.According to the article, resources such as wind A.are sustainable but not replaceable. B.are renewable so sustainable. C.are sustainable so renewable. D.are irreplaceable. 第二篇

43、 Too Little for Global Warming Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enoug

44、h carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could e

45、asily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet. The IPCC’s predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from u

46、nlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass. Although esti

47、mates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil co

48、nsiderably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world’s remaining reserves. Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the Univers

49、ity of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel’s work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the “conservative” Swedes. Even if oil and gas run out, “there’s a

50、huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited.” He says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of p

51、articulates. He says the latest analysisis a “shot across the bows” for policy makers. 36.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say? A.The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earth’s doomsday. B.The oil reserves are big enough t

52、o materialize the doomsday scenarios C.Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction. D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize. 37.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to A.pay attention to global meltdown. B.cut CO2 emi

53、ssions. C.use more green energy D.stop using fossil fuels. 38.What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves? A.4,000 billion barrels by the average forecast. B.8,000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes. C.3,500 barrels envisaged by IPCC. D.3,500 billion by a growing number

54、of scientists. 39.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true? A.He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gas B.He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually. C.He thinks IPCC’s view on the world’s oil reserves is too optimistic. D.He thinks that IPCC’s estimat

55、es are more optimistic than the Swedes. 40.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic’s assertion that “… such a switch would be disastrous . . . " A.The IPCC scenarios would come true because burning coal will emit larger amounts of CO2. B.A switch to burning coal would prod

56、uce disastrous environmental problems. C.Oil and gas to replace coal as fuel would speed up the process of global warming. D.A switch from the IPCC scenarios to the policymakers’ ones would be disastrous 第三篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carr

57、y items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of y

58、ears ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzeesas they competed for food resources， in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ap

59、e — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond. The research

60、 findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anat

61、omical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Fo

62、rest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were availabl

63、e,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees i

64、gnored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely. In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only

65、was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available -- even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was

66、 a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time. 41.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carr