2019-2020年高考英語 基礎(chǔ)知識練習(xí) 感嘆詞的講解與訓(xùn)練.doc
2019-2020年高考英語 基礎(chǔ)知識練習(xí) 感嘆詞的講解與訓(xùn)練感嘆詞 知識要點 感嘆詞是用來表示說話時表達的喜怒哀樂等情感的詞。它不構(gòu)成后面句子的一個語法成分,卻在意義上與它有關(guān)連,后面的句子一般說明這種情緒的性質(zhì)、原因。感嘆詞是英語口語中最富于表現(xiàn)力的詞語之一,用途甚廣。學(xué)會它,對于提高英語的交際能力,表達復(fù)雜的思想起著舉足輕重的作用。英語中的感嘆詞很多,但目前的語法著作中卻很少對它進行歸納總結(jié),致使許多人對含有感嘆詞的句子理解不透。現(xiàn)將部分感嘆詞的用法進行小結(jié): 1. well表示快慰、讓步、期望、譏諷、解釋、責(zé)備、猶豫等,可譯為“好吧、不過、好啦、嗯”等。 2. there表示得意、鼓勵、同情、悲哀、不耐煩、失望、安慰、挑釁、引起注意等,可譯為“喲、瞧、好啦、得啦”等。3. man表示興奮、輕蔑、不耐煩、引起注意、可譯為“啊、嗨”等。4. Oh 表驚訝、指責(zé)、痛苦、稱贊、懊惱等,可譯為“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”、“啊”、“呀”等。5. Ah表示驚奇、高興、討厭、懊悔、藐視、威脅等,可譯為“呀、啊”等。6. e表示鼓勵、不耐煩、引起注意、安慰等,可譯為“喂、好吧、說吧、得啦”等。7. dear表示后悔、難過、憐憫、同情、吃驚、盼望等,可譯為“哎呀、天哪”等。8. now 表示警告、命令、請求、說明、安慰籌,可譯為“喂、喏、好了”等,有時也可不必譯出。9. boy表示高興、興奮、驚奇等,可譯為“嘿、哇、哼、怎么樣”等。 10. 此外還有:(1)ha (驚奇、疑惑、鄙視)。如:Ha! Pround as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me. 哈!這些貴族盡管傲慢,他卻害怕見到我。(2)aha(得意、驚奇、嘲弄、滿意)。如:The trousers are all right; now the waistcoat; aha, right again.褲子合身;再請穿上背心試試;啊哈,也很合適。 (3)hey(喜悅、打招呼)。如:Hey! I didnt expect to meet you here. 嗨,我沒想到會在這兒遇到你。(4)why(吃驚、抗議)。如:Why, whats the harm? 咳,這有什么害處呢?(5)nonsense(胡說)。如:"Nonsense," the king shouted. "My cook is the best cook in the world."“胡說!”那國王喊道,“我的廚師是世界上最好的廚師。”(6)Good heavens(驚異、不高興)。如:Good heavens! Listen to that silly child," said the father.“天哪!聽聽那傻孩子在瞎說些什么!”孩子的父親說。 疑難突破1、感嘆詞的位置 感嘆詞通常位于句首,用逗號或感嘆號隔開,意義較強時用感嘆號,否則用逗號。感嘆詞間或也可放在句子中。如:Uoch! Ive got a pain here. 哎喲!我這里疼。Bravo! A strike! 好!好球!2、常用感嘆詞的用法 常用感嘆詞表達多種情緒,需根據(jù)上下代來推測。(1)Oh(O)表示驚奇、恐懼、懊惱、高興等。例如:Oh!So you are here!?。∧阋苍谶@兒?。@奇、高興)Oh!Please dont ask me any more.啊,求你別再問我了。(痛苦)Oh,dont do it again.噯,不要再做它了。(不耐煩)(2)Ah表示驚奇、高興、滿意、遺憾等。例如:Ah,thats right.嗯,這樣就對了。(同意)Ah!So you are back now!??!你回來了!(高興)(3)well表示驚奇、快慰、疑問、忍從、松一口氣、開始新話題等。例如:Well, here we are at last!好了,我們到底到了。(快慰)Well, it cant be helped.唉,這是沒有辦法的。(無可奈何)(4)Hello(Hi)用來招呼人,相當(dāng)于“喂”、“嘿”等。例如:Hello,how are you?喂,您好嗎?Hello! This is Mrs. Green speaking. 喂! 我是格林太太。(在電話中說)(5)Why表示驚奇或不足為奇,常常帶有“你這都不知道嗎?”“原來這樣”這類意思。例如:Why, you are ahead of time too! 怎么,你們也提前完成了?。@奇)Why, even a child knows that! 哎,就是孩子也知道的?。ú蛔銥槠妫?)Oh dear ,dear, dear me, (my)goodness表示驚異贊嘆、不耐煩、難過等,與漢語里的“天呀”有些相近(這類感嘆詞女人用得比較多)。例如:My goodness! How could you work so fast! 我的天!你怎么干得這么快!Oh ,dear! Why should you be so stubborn! 天哪,你怎么這么固執(zhí)?。?)Aha等其他表示感嘆的詞或短語。Aha(表示得意,滿意),Pshaw(表示鄙視、不高興),Alas(表示痛苦、焦急),whew(驚訝、失望),Hey(喜悅、招呼),Bah(表示鄙視),Bravo(用于歡呼),Hush(要求肅靜或低聲),Nonsense(相當(dāng)于漢語的“胡說”),Hurrah(用于歡呼,慶祝勝利),e, e(表示勸說、鼓勵等),Now(請求、埋怨、不耐煩、詫異等),F(xiàn)ie(表示輕蔑、羞辱相當(dāng)于“呸”)。 即學(xué)即練1._ different life today is from_ it was fifty years ago!AWhat a;what BHow; what CWhat;what DWhat;how2Shanghai has taken on fl new look_!AW hat great changeBA great change has been taken on flnew lookC How great it has changedDHow it has changed3How _time we had at the big dinner party that night!Aa good Bgood Ca wonderful Dwonderful a4“Hi,Jack,havent seen you for ages!Do you still teach in that school?” “_.Its three years since I taught there"AYes,I have BYes,l do CNo。I havent DNo。I dont 直擊高考 .1. (xx湖北卷 21) Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege 2.(xx福建卷 26) The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection3. (xx全國卷 33) It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填4.(xx全國卷II 16) As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a5. (xx山東卷 21) Take your timeits just _short distance from here to _ restaurant.A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a6.(xx全國卷II 11)I got this bicycle for _; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing7.(xx 北京卷34) The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that8.(xx北京卷21)We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one9.(xx上海春招26)They produced two reports, _of which contained any useful suggestions. A. either B. all C. none D. neither10.(xx全國卷II 12)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much11.(xx全國卷II 17)Mr. Stevenson is great to work for - I really couldnt ask for a _ boss. A. better B. good C. best D. still better12.(xx湖北卷23)The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_,though slow.A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady13.(xx湖北卷24) An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters, however, they are not always_,A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial14.(xx江蘇卷 27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.Aconsequence Bindependence Cpetence Dintelligence15.(xx湖北卷22.) Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is being warmer. A. difference B. parison C. connection D. barrier16. (xx湖北卷30) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion17.(xx江蘇卷 33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead18. (xx江西卷 22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _.A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience19.(xx遼寧卷) 23. The accident caused some_ to my car, but its nothing serious. A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage20. (xx天津卷7.) While she was in Paris, she developed a _ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D.habit感嘆詞即學(xué)即練1. B。本題是感嘆句。但是life是句中的主語,因而要用how + 形容詞引導(dǎo)感嘆句。2. D。用了感嘆號,提示本題是感嘆句。如選A要加一個不定冠詞(What a great change!)。修飾動詞,要用副詞,排除C。正確答案為D。How+ 主語+ 謂語也是一種感嘆句句型。例如:How (hard)he works!他工作多努力! 3. D。本題為感嘆句。How+ 形容詞aan-+-名詞等同于What+ aan+ 形容詞+名詞。4. D。ItS three years since 1 taught there意為:我已3年沒在那里教書了。根據(jù)句意,本題中的回答應(yīng)該是否定的。直擊高考 1. A。本題考查詞匯和句意的理解。句意:從城市青年的角度來寫的詩歌更加傾向于揭示他們在缺乏歸屬感上的焦慮。perspective 觀點,看法; 角度;priority優(yōu)先,優(yōu)先權(quán);participation n. 參加,參與 ;privilege n. 特權(quán) ,權(quán)益;重點結(jié)構(gòu):written from在句中充當(dāng)后置定語。2. B??疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:公眾缺乏對生態(tài)環(huán)保的習(xí)慣被認為是全球氣候變化的主要原因。 result結(jié)果;cause原因;warning警告;reflection反映,反射;回響。cause與global climate change存在著因果關(guān)系,故選B。3. A。考查冠詞的用法。句意:人們普遍認為,男孩子必須學(xué)會做一個男子漢,能挺身而出,勇于戰(zhàn)斗。a boy和 a man都是泛指,表示一類人。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞泛指應(yīng)在名詞前加不定冠詞a。4. D??疾楣谠~在具體語境中的用法。句意:當(dāng)Jack走到前門時,看到了一個奇怪的景象。the front door是特指Jack所走過去的門,a strange sight是泛指,相當(dāng)于a certain sight,起初次介紹的作用。5. B??疾楣谠~在具體語境中的用法。句意:別急從這兒到餐館只不過短短的距離而已。a short distance短距離,是固定搭配的短語;the restaurant指雙方都知道的餐館,故用the特指。6. D??疾閺?fù)合不定代詞的用法。句意:我沒花錢就得了這輛自行車;我的朋友買了一輛新車,就把這輛給了我。據(jù)后面gave it to me可判斷沒花錢,nothing表否定,for表示交換。7.【答案與解析】C??疾榇~it的用法。句意:由于當(dāng)?shù)卣呐Γ蟪鞘欣锏木蜆I(yè)率持續(xù)升高。it代指前面交代過的the employment rate,是單數(shù),而them和those是復(fù)數(shù)。8. A??疾榇~it的用法。句意:我們覺得將我們的國家變得更好是我們的職責(zé)。it在此句中充當(dāng)形式賓語,代指to make our country a better place。9. D??疾椴欢ù~的用法。依據(jù)句意“他們提供了兩份報告,沒有一份報告含有任何有用的建議”選擇D項。 neither兩個都不;either兩者之一,但后半句里的any useful suggestions與否定連用;all與none指三個或三個以上,與前面的two reports不相一致。10. A??疾楦痹~的辨析。句意:聽音樂是一回事,但是演奏音樂完全是另一回事。在第二句中another后省略了thing。Another是一個不分級的形容詞,修飾不可分級的形容詞如right, wrong, ready, full, empty, perfect, impossible, alone, unique 等時,通常只用 quite,此時quite 并不表示“相當(dāng)”或“很”,而表示“完全”。如:Youre quite right (wrong)。 你完全正確(錯了)。quite another (thing)表示“完全不同、完全是另一回事”。故選A項。11. A??疾樾稳菰~的比較級。根據(jù)句意前半句可知,史蒂文先生工作棒極了,后面意味這再也找不到更好的老板了,依據(jù)信息點couldnt選擇A項,否定副詞與比較級連用表達最高級意義。 D項still一詞雖然可以修飾形容詞比較級,用以加強語氣,表示“更”,但卻不用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中。12. D??疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意:這位老科學(xué)家的雙眼仍然神采奕奕,即便滿臉已經(jīng)布滿了皺紋。在穿過這個房間的時候,盡管走得很慢,但是卻很平穩(wěn)。選擇D項steady“穩(wěn)的, 穩(wěn)定的, 堅定的”。casual漠不關(guān)心的,冷淡的;heavy沉重的;shaky顫抖的;此三項不合題意。13. C??疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)句義:一個不快樂的童年對給一個孩子的個性產(chǎn)生消極的影響;然而,這種影響也不是長久的。Beneficial有利的,有益的;practical實際的,實踐的;Avoidable可以避免的;C合題意。14. C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:教師要不斷地更新他們的知識以便保持專業(yè)上的稱職。consequence后果,結(jié)果;independence獨立;petence能力,勝任,稱職;intelligence智力, 智慧, 理解力;根據(jù)句意選C。15. D。本題考查詞匯和句意的理解。difference 差別,差異 ;parison 比較,對照; connection 連接,聯(lián)系,關(guān)系; barrier 障礙,屏障;本題中有一個which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定義從句,一個短語prevents from。句意:二氧化碳在我們與太陽之間的形成了一道屏障,它可以防止熱量輕易逃離大氣層,因此地球變得越來越暖。16. B。本題考查短語和句意的理解。at random任意地,隨便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;無意之中;碰巧;in turn輪流地;相應(yīng)地;on occasion有時,間或。句意:一個藝術(shù)家最近乘坐渡輪到那個南方島嶼旅游,他無意之中竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)失傳已久的古希臘花瓶。17. C。本題考查固定短語在語境中的使用。A. take a share分擔(dān),為出力 B. take a chance冒險 C. take a turn轉(zhuǎn)彎,轉(zhuǎn);(情況、形勢等)轉(zhuǎn)變 D. take a lead領(lǐng)先,帶頭。根據(jù)本句,for the better的提示,可見是講轉(zhuǎn)變,變得更好,所以選C。句意:有了源于其他食品文化的靈感,美國飲食文化可以變得更好。18. D??疾閣ith+名詞搭配的介賓短語。A. with curiosity好奇地;B. with satisfaction滿意地;C. with envy羨慕地;D. with patience耐心地。句意:無論什么時候我犯了錯,老師總是耐心地給我指出來。19. D。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A. harm傷害,害處 B. injury意外傷害 C. ruin毀滅(不可修復(fù));廢墟D. damage破壞,損壞(可以修復(fù))。根據(jù)后一句its nothing serious,可知造成的破壞不嚴重,可以修復(fù)。所以選D。句意:這次事故對我的汽車造成了一些損壞,但并不嚴重。20. C。本題考查名詞的詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)她在巴黎時,培養(yǎng)了自己鑒賞精美藝術(shù)品的品位。A項way方式、方法;B項relation關(guān)系,聯(lián)系;C項taste品位,鑒賞,符合句意;而D項意為“習(xí)慣”。