電氣計算公式及數(shù)據(jù)表

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1、常用電流計算公式1：純電阻負荷0負荷的功率（W)負荷電流（A）I0220電源電壓（V）2：感性負荷1870負荷的功率（W)負荷電流（A）I02200.85 （V）Cos 電壓功率因數(shù)3：單相電動機負荷1710負荷的功率（W)負荷電流（A）I02200.880.89 （V）Cos 電壓機械率功率因數(shù)4：三相電動機負荷513#負荷的功率（W)負荷電流（A）I21.46041.733800.880.893 （V）Cos 平方根電壓機械率功率因數(shù)5：住宅總負荷電流計算Pjs000KcP住宅用電計算負荷（W）同期系數(shù)，0.40.6，電器所有家用電器功率總和（W）越此值越小，反之，此值越大1760Pjs

2、住宅用電計算負荷（W）Ijs0住宅用電誰計算電流（A）2200.8（V）Cos 電壓功率因數(shù)0.80.9電線電纜母線的電阻計算公式1:導線的電阻值計算Ro000S導線的交流電阻導線材料的電阻率導線標稱截面積（/km)（m/km)（m）RtR201a20(t-20)Rt溫度t時的電阻（/km)R20溫度為20時的電阻（/km)a20電阻的溫度系數(shù)2:母線的電阻值計算1母線的電阻值 R00.18519103m/m5400541000.00018519rSr母線電導率導線面積mm2銅54、鋁32按安全載流量選擇導線截面 按安全載流量選擇導線截面，應滿足下式要求：K IeI rs式中Ie導線安全載流量

3、（A)；K當不境溫度、穿管敷設等因素，與標準情況不同時的修正系數(shù)，見表3-18Ijs線路計算電流（A），其中：Pjs用有功功率表示的計算負荷（KW）Sjs用視在功率表示的計算成本負荷（KVA）三相電路用有功功率表示的計算負荷（KW）PjsSjs150001510001500015Ijs25.60622.789 585.796 1.73213800.89 6581.7321380線路計算電流（A）3 ueCos 3 ue平方根電壓功率因數(shù)平方根電壓單相電路用有功功率表示的計算負荷（KW）PjsSjs00100000Ijs001762200.8220線路計算電流（A）ueCos ue電壓功率因數(shù)電

4、壓電能表所測電量計算計算公式KTA、KTV實際使用的電流互感器和電壓互感器的變化；KTAe、KTVe電能表銘牌上標注的電流互感器和電壓互感器的變比；對于萬用互感器接入直接接入的電能表，因其銘牌上沒有標注電流互感器、電壓互感器的額定變比，其KTAe=KTVe=1.沒有標注計能器倍率的電能表，其Kj=1.Kj計能器倍率，即讀數(shù)盤方框上標注的倍數(shù)K數(shù)值KTVKTA、（6000100）（2005）K240060401112400KTAeKTVe空調器容量的選擇計算1：家庭用空調器容量的選擇對于墻厚在24以上，層高在3.2M以下，室外環(huán)境溫度不超過43時，按每平方米選用120140W為宜。例如15的房間

5、選用18002100W，房間朝南取小值，更愛西或房頂、墻壁較薄以及層高大于3.2M的房間取大值。不同制冷量單位的換算WKcal/hBTU/hKJ/H國標千卡/每小時(舊國標）英國熱量單位千焦/每小時（外國）10.85983.4123.61.16313.96834.18860.2930.25211.0550.2780.2390.94812：較大場所用空調器容量的選擇Qk(qVX空調器的容量（KJ/h)空調容量裕量系數(shù)，房間所需房間的總房間總人數(shù)人體排熱量短期K=1冷量，q=容積坐時X=432KJ/h長期K=1.051.1105143做動后X=1591KJ/h電路電壓損失計算1:電壓損失是指送電端

6、電壓主與受電端電壓之差，即電損電壓v送電端電壓v受電端電壓vUU1U20002:通常用其百分數(shù)表示，即電壓壓損失率U?；嬎愎诫姄p電壓送電端電壓v受電端電壓vUU1U20000#1007500Ue線路額定電壓3：負荷在末端的線路電壓損失計算。U1R、XU2oI、Cos 末端接負荷的三相電路IXcosU1U2 IRIRsin I IRCos IXsin電壓失量圖圖中，U1為變電所出口電壓，即送電端電壓；U2為負荷處的電壓，即受電端電壓（均對中性點電壓而言，單位為KV).在工程計算中，允許略去（Ixsin-IRCos）部分（由此引起的誤差不超過實際電壓降的5），因此線路每相電壓可按以下簡化公式計

7、算。PR +QXUX I(R Cos x sin)=3 U2用線電壓計算公式PR +QXU1 3 I(R Cos x sin)=U2式中 UX U1 分別為相電壓、線電壓的電壓損失（V）R、X 分別為每條導線的電阻值和電抗值（）Ue 線路祖額定線電壓（KV)Cos 負荷的功率因數(shù) P I 負荷電流（線電流，A）I=3Ue Cos P、Q 分別為三相負荷總有功功率（KW）、總無功功率（Kvar)電壓損失率按下式計算PU(R Cos+x Sin)10 Ue2Cos 負荷的功率（W)負荷的功率（W)負荷的功率（W)負荷的功率（W)Pjs 住宅用電計算負荷（W）10001000當不境溫度、穿管敷設等因

8、素，與標準情況不同時的修正系數(shù)，見表3-18Kj1uQz)房內設備同房間設備時使用率 總發(fā)熱量和利用率(KJ)電能表銘牌上標注的電流互感器和電壓互感器的變比；對于萬用互感器接入直接接入的電能表，因其銘牌上沒有標注電流互感器、電壓互感器的額定變比，其KTAe=KTVe=1.沒有標注計能器倍率的電能表，其Kj=1.對于墻厚在24以上，層高在3.2M以下，室外環(huán)境溫度不超過43時，按每平方米選用120140W為宜。例如15的房間選用18002100W，人體排熱量坐時X=432KJ/h做動后X=1591KJ/h之積，u=00.6PR +QX 3 Ue圖中，U1為變電所出口電壓，即送電端電壓；U2為負荷

9、處的電壓，即受電端電壓（均對中性點電壓而言，單位為KV).在工程計算中，允許略去（Ixsin-IRCos）部分（由此引起的誤差不超過實際電壓降的5），因此線路PR +QX 3 U2PR +QX UePR +QX U2各和熒光燈的耗電量、額定電流及功率因數(shù)表常用家用電器的耗電量、頻定電流及功率因數(shù)表燈管燈管耗鎮(zhèn)流器耗 總耗電量 額定電流 功率因數(shù)壽命不家用電器名稱型號電量（W）電量（W）（W）（A）COS&小于（h)電視機YZ6RR64100.140.332000電冰箱YZ8RR84120.150.362000洗衣機YZ15RR157.522.50.330.315000電熨斗YZ20RR2082

10、80.350.365000電熱毯YZ30RR308380.360.485000電吹風機YZ40RR408480.410.535000電熱杯 異步電動機的功率和效率與負荷的關系電暖器負荷空載25%50%75%100%電烤箱功率因數(shù)0.20.50.770.850.89電飯煲效率00.780.850.880.875電炒鍋Cos和 tg對應值表吊扇序號Cos tgCos tg電熱水器11000.710.99184446音響設備20.990.14258060.71.024534吸塵器30.980.203111240.691.0494622抽油煙機40.970.250514040.681.0784709排

11、氣扇50.960.291716160.671.1084756空調器60.950.328718120.661.1384842導電金屬線電阻率、導電率和電阻溫度系數(shù)70.940.36319570.651.1694927線材80.930.395321340.641.201501290.920.42623040.631.2335057硬鋁線100.910.455624300.621.2655141軟鋁線110.90.484425510.611.2995225鋁合金線120.890.512427080.61.3345308硬銅線130.880.539828210.591.3685351軟銅線140.87

12、0.566829320.581.4035433150.860.593430410.571.4415515160.850.617931470.561.4795557170.840.645932520.551.525638180.830.67233540.541.5595719190.820.69834550.531.65800200.810.72435540.521.6435840210.80.7536520.511.6865920220.790.776137490.51.7326000230.780.802338440.451.9846315240.770.828639390.42.29662

13、5250.760.855140320.352.6776931260.750.881941250.33.187232270.740.908942160.253.8677531280.730.936243070.24.9017828290.720.96354357D26Cos型功率因數(shù)的Cos值與偏轉角a計算表序號Cos tgtgaa11000020.998.10.14230.07394.2330.925.80.48340.0251214.140.836.90.75080.390221.350.745.61.0210.530727.9560.653.11.3310.69234.6770.5601.

14、7320.900342數(shù)學常數(shù)表功率（W）額定電流（A）功率因數(shù)（Cos）常數(shù)1000.510.650.70.92002.273.030.30.421200.911.090.50.6450010002.274.5412201000.090.4513505501.592.511/3001.3611n15006.81e60012002.735.451e23005001.362.271e100015004.556.8211/e750.380.9M=lge3000600013.6427.2711/M=ln101502000.851.140.70.9e4008002.13.90.9421202000.6

15、1.00.92400.20.93100030006.5150.70.910180/20r20a2010800/（m/km)（km/m)（1/)648000/290.0340.0043128.30.0350.0041132.80.0310.00422117.90.0560.0038517.60.0570.00393常用家用電器的耗電量、頻定電流及功率因數(shù)表導電金屬線電阻率、導電率和電阻溫度系數(shù)數(shù)值lg3.1415926540.4971498736.2831853070.79817986812.566370611.0992098649.8696044010.9942997451.772453851

16、0.2485749360.318309886-1.5028501271.1447298860.0587030212.7182818290.4342944827.3890560980.8685889641.6487212710.2171472410.367894412-1.5657055180.434294482-1.6377843112.3025850930.36221568923.140692631.36437635420.3010299961.4142135620.1505149981.7320508080.2385606273.162277660.557.29577951311.7581

17、226323437.746770783.536273883206264.806255.3144251330.017453293-2.2148773620.000290888-4.4637241174.8481E-06-6.685574867數(shù)學常數(shù)表nn2n3n 3 nn/4 n21/n0000000111113.1240.785412481.41421.25996.2833.14160.539271.73211.44229.4257.06860.33333466421.587412.5712.5660.255251252.23611.7115.7119.6350.26362162.44951

18、.817118.8528.2740.166677493432.64581.912921.9938.4850.142868645122.8284225.1350.2660.12598172932.080128.2763.6170.111111010010003.16232.154431.4278.540.11112113313.31662.22434.5695.0330.090911214417283.46412.289437.7113.10.083331316921973.60562.351340.84132.730.076921419627443.74712.410443.98153.940

19、.071431522533753.8732.466247.12176.720.0666716256409642.519850.27201.060.06251728949134.12312.571353.41226.980.058821832458324.24262.620756.55254.470.055561936168594.35892.668459.69283.530.05263204008004.42712.714462.83314.160.052144192614.58262.758965.97346.360.0476222484106484.69042.08269.12380.13

20、0.0454523529121674.79582.843972.96415.480.0434824576138244.8992.884575.4452.390.04167256251562552.92478.54490.870.0426676175765.0992.962581.68530.930.0384627729196835.1926384.82572.560.0370428784219525.29153.036687.97615.750.0357129841243895.38523.072391.11660.520.0344830900270005.47723.107294.25706

21、.860.0333331961297915.56783.141497.39754.770.03226321024327685.65693.1748100.5804.250.03125331089359375.74463.2075103.7855.30.0303341156393045.8313.2396106.8907.920.02941351225428755.91613.2711110962.110.028573612964665663.3019113.11017.90.02778371369506536.08283.3322116.21075.20.02703381444548726.1

22、6443.362119.41134.10.02632391521593196.2453.3912122.51194.60.02564401600640006.32463.42125.71256.60.025411681689216.40313.4482128.81320.30.02439421764740886.48073.476131.91385.30.02381431849795076.55743.5034135.11452.20.02326441936851846.63323.5303138.21520.50.02273452025911256.70323.5569141.41590.4

23、0.02222462116973366.78233.583144.51661.90.021744722091038236.85573.6088147.61734.90.021284823041105926.92823.6342150.81809.60.0208349240111764973.6593153.61885.70.020415025001250007.07113.684157.11963.50.025126011326517.14143.7084160.22042.80.019615227041406807.21113.7325163.42123.70.019235328091488

24、777.28013.7563166.52206.20.018875429161574647.34853.7798169.72290.20.018525530251663757.41623.803172.82375.80.018185631361756167.48333.8259175.924630.017865732491851937.54983.8485179.12551.80.017545833641951127.61583.8709182.22642.10.017245934812053797.68113.893185.427340.016956036002160007.7463.914

25、9188.52827.40.016676137212269817.81023.9365191.62922.50.016396238442383287.8743.9579194.83019.10.016136339692500477.93733.9791197.93117.30.0158764409626214484201.132170.015636542252746258.02634.0207204.23318.30.015386643562874968.1244.0412207.43421.20.015156744893007638.18544.0615210.53525.70.014936

26、846243144328.24624.0817213.63631.70.014716947613285098.30664.1016216.83739.30.014497049003430008.36664.1213219.93848.50.014297150413579118.42614.1048223.13959.20.014087251843732488.48534.1602226.24071.50.013897353293890178.5444.1793229.34185.40.01377454764052248.60234.1983232.54300.80.01351755625421

27、8758.66034.2172235.64417.90.013337657764389768.71784.2358238.84536.50.013167759294565338.7754.2543241.94656.60.012997860844745528.83184.27272454778.40.012827962414930398.88824.2908248.24901.70.012668064005120008.94434.2089251.35026.50.012581656153144194.3267254.551530.012358267245513689.05544.344525

28、7.6528.10.01228368895717879.11044.3621260.85410.60.012058470565927049.16524.3795263.95541.80.01198572256142159.21954.39682675674.50.011768673966360569.27364.414270.25808.80.011638775696585039.32744.431273.35944.70.011498877446814729.38084.448276.56082.10.011368979217049699.4344.4647279.66221.10.0112

29、49081007290009.48684.4814282.76361.70.011119182817535319.53944.4979285.96503.90.010999284647786889.59174.51442896647.60.010879386498043579.64374.5307292.26792.90.010759488368305849.69544.5468295.36939.80.010649590258573759.74684.5629298.57088.20.010539692168847369.7984.5789301.67238.20.0104297940991

30、26739.84894.5947304.77389.80.010319896049411929.89954.6104307.675430.01029998019702999.94494.62613117697.70.0101100100001000000104.4616314.278540.01直埋電纜安全載流（A)標稱截面雙芯三芯四芯（2銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯1.51391392.5221622162216435263526352665239523952391088668362745616123921057910175251621221401051329935198148167125154

31、1155023717820615518914170286214250188233174953342502992242722041203822873432573472601504403303822873962971854313232404483361kv vv vlv型無鎧裝聚氯乙烯護套聚乙烯絕緣電纜的安全載流量（A)安全載流量（A)標稱截面單芯二芯三芯四芯（2)銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯11815121.52319162.532242620221644131352629222922654414434382938291072556046524051401697747961695368532

32、5122102107839372927135162124124951138711589502041571551201401081441117025319519615117513517813695272214238182214165218168120356276273211247191252195150410316315242293225297228185465358332257314263240552425396306300636490400757589500886680620102578780013389341kv vv29、vlv29、VV30、VLV30、VV50、VLV50、VV59、

33、VLV59、型無鎧裝聚氯乙烯護套聚乙烯絕緣電纜的安全載流量（A)標稱截面單芯二芯三芯四芯（2)銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯銅芯鋁芯436273123302364535393039301076586046524052401610077816271547054251351041068196739473351641261289911488119925020515816012814411114911570253195197152179138184141953112392401852171672261741203562762782152521942602011504103163192462922253012

34、3118546635933325734526624055142439230530063248640076458750088267762010327878001208931單片銅母線的允許載流量（A)母線尺寸交流直流寬厚25303540253035401532101971851702101971851702032752582422232752582422232533403202992763403202992763044754464183854754464183854046255875465066255875505064057006596155677056646205715058608097566

35、9787081876570550695589884077496090284577860611251056990912114510791010928806148013901300120015101420133012251006181017001590147018751760165015206081320124011601070134512651185109080816901590149013701755165015451420100820801955183016852180205019201770120826502490233021502950277025952390 本表中系母線立放時的數(shù)據(jù)。

36、當母線平放且寬度60時，表中數(shù)據(jù)應乘以0.95，寬度60時應乘0.92扁鋼允許載流量（A)母線尺寸 標稱截面載流量重量寬厚（2)交流直流(Kg/m)20360651000.4725375801200.5930490941400.714031201251900.945031501552301.186031801852801.417032102153201.657532252303451.778032402453651.889032702754102.1210033003054602.3620480701150.63254100851400.793041201001650.944041601302

37、201.265042001652701.576042401953251.887042802253752.28043202604302.519043602904802.8310044003255353.14255125951700.983051501152001.184052001452651.575052501803251.966053002153902.368054002805103.1410055003506403.936063602102.838064802753.778086402905.021001010003907.85橡皮絕緣電線明敷時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面BLX、BLXF（

38、鋁芯）BX、BXF(銅芯）（2)25303540253035401211918161.5272523212.527252321353230274353230274542383564542383558545045106560565185797367168579736711010295872511010295871451351251143513812911910918016815514250175163151138230215198181702202061901742852662462259526524722920934532229827212031028926824540037434631615

39、0360336311284470439406371185420392363332540504467427240510476441403660617570522聚氯乙烯絕緣電線明敷時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面BLV（鋁芯）BV、BVR(銅芯）（2)25303540253035401191716151.518161514242220182.52523211932292725432292725423336336423936335551474310595551467570645916807469631059890832510598908313812911910935130121112102170158

40、147134501651541421302152011851707020519117716226524722920095250233216197325303281257120285266246225375350324296150325303281257430402371340185380355328300490458423387塑料絕緣軟線明敷設時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面單根單芯二根單芯三根單芯（2)25 30 35 40 25 30 35 40 25 30 35 40RV0.154.543.543.53332.5 2.52RV0.276.565.5 5.554.5443.533RV0.39

41、87.5776.565.554.543.5RVV0.411109.5 8.5 8.5 7.576.565.554.5RVB0.51312119.5 9.5 8.587.576.565.5RVS0.8161514131312119.5987.57RFB11917161515141211111098RFS1.5242221181917161514131211橡皮絕緣電線穿鋼管敷設時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面二根單芯三根單芯四根單芯環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）（2)25 30 35 40GDG25 30 35 40GDG25 30 35 40GDG1151412111520141

42、312111520121110915201.52018171515201816151415201715141320252.52826242215202523211915202321191820254373432292025303028262025302825232025649454238202540403734202539363330202510686358532532565651472532534945412532BX 16868074682532717166603232696459543240BXF25113 10597893240939386793232908477714050（銅芯）3

43、5140 130 121 1103240114 114 105963240110 1029587405050175 163 151 1384050143 143 133 1215050137 128 118 1085070215 201 185 1705050180 180 166 1525050173 161 149 1367095260 243 224 20570219 219 203 18570210 196 181 16670120 300 280 259 23770252 252 233 21370245 229 211 19370150 340 317 294 26870310 2

44、89 268 24570280 261 242 22180185 385 359 333 30480355 331 307 28080320 299 276 25380橡皮絕緣電線穿硬塑料管時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面二根單芯三根單芯四根單芯環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）（2)25 30 35 4025 30 35 4025 30 35 4011312111015121110915111098151.51715141315161413121514131211202.52523211915222019171520181715214333028262030282523202624

45、222022643403734203835323020343129262510595551462552484441254643393632BX 16767165603268635853326056514732BXF251009386793290847771328074696340（銅芯）35125 116 1089840110 102958740989184774050160 149 138 12640140 130 121 11050123 115 106975070195 182 168 15450175 163 151 13850155 144 134 1225095240 224 20

46、7 18950215 201 185 17065195 182 168 15465120 278 259 240 21965250 233 216 19765227 212 196 17980150 320 299 276 25365290 271 250 22965265 247 229 20980185 360 336 311 28480330 308 285 26180300 280 259 237100聚氯乙烯絕緣電線穿鋼管敷設時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面二根單芯三根單芯四根單芯環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）（2)25 30 35 40GDG25 30 35 40GD

47、G25 30 35 40GDG114131211151513121110151511109815151.51917181515151715141315151614131215152.526242220151524222018151522201917151543532302715153128262415152826242215206474340371520413835321520373432292025106560565120025575349452025504643392525BV 1682767064252573686357253265605651253225107 100928425329

48、58882753232857973673240（銅芯）35133 124 115 1053240115 10799903240105989083325050165 154 142 1303250146 136 126 1154050130 121 112 102505070205 191 177 1625050183 171 158 1445050165 154 142 130505095250 233 216 1975050225 210 194 17750200 187 173 15870120 290 270 250 2295050260 243 224 20550230 215 198

49、 18170150 330 308 285 2617050300 280 259 23770265 247 229 20970185 380 355 325 30070340 317 294 26870300 280 259 23780聚氯乙烯絕緣電線穿硬塑料管時的安全載流量（A）標稱截面二根單芯三根單芯四根單芯環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）環(huán)境溫度管徑（）（2)25 30 35 4025 30 35 4025 30 35 4011211109151110981510987151.51614131215151413121513121110152.52422201815211918161519

50、171615204312826242028262422202523211820641383532203633312820322927252510565248442549454238254441383432BX 16726762563265605651325753494532BXF25958882753285797367327570645940（銅芯）35120 112 103944010598908340938680735050150 140 129 11840132 123 114 10450117 109 101926370185 172 160 14650167 156 144 1305

51、0148 138 128 1176395230 215 198 18150205 191 177 16265185 172 160 14675120 270 252 233 21365240 224 207 18965215 201 185 17275150 305 285 263 24165275 257 237 21765250 233 216 19775185 355 331 307 28080289 289 268 24580280 261 242 22190BVV型和BLVV型熟料護套線規(guī)格、結構尺寸及參考載流量表標稱截面線芯結構絕緣護套厚度最大外徑BVV型參考載流量 BLVV型參考

52、載流量根數(shù)直徑層厚（A)（A)（2)單雙芯 三芯單芯雙芯三芯單芯雙芯三芯單芯111.130.60.70.84.14.16.7 4.39.5201613151.511.370.60.70.84.44.47.2 4.610.3252116192.511.760.60.70.84.84.87.8 511.534262226412.240.60.70.85.35.39.1 5.513.145382935512.50.80.816.3 6.310.76.715.751433339612.730.80.816.5 6.511.36.916.556473643871.20.811.27.9 7.913.68.319.4705946541071.330.811.28.4 8.414.58.820.785725566雙芯三芯12101612221729233326362845355643BVV型和BLVV型熟料護套線規(guī)格、結構尺寸及參考載流量表BLVV型參考載流量（A)