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走向高考 英語(yǔ),第一部分,微專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練,五 閱讀理解,第一部分,3 詞義猜測(cè)題,考 向 分 析,考 題 引 路,強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練,2,3,1,Passage 1 (2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)ⅠC) Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.,The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無(wú)限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.,The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文介紹了巴黎蓬皮杜藝術(shù)中心正在展覽最受歡迎的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家之一薩爾瓦多達(dá)利的藝術(shù)作品，并對(duì)此次展覽的作品、展覽的形式、展品的來(lái)源等進(jìn)行了介紹。,1．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1? A．Optimistic. B．Productive. C．Generous. D．Traditional. 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句．with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.可知，達(dá)利的作品數(shù)量很多，這和productive(多產(chǎn)的)相呼應(yīng)，故選B項(xiàng)。,2．What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A．One of his masterworks. B．A successful screen adaptation. C．An artistic creation for the stage. D．One of the best TV programmes. 答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.可知，《記憶的永恒》是達(dá)利的杰作之一，故選A項(xiàng)。,3．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A．By popularity. B．By importance. C．By size and shape. D．By time and subject. 答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知，該展覽是根據(jù)時(shí)間和主題來(lái)布展的，故選D項(xiàng)。,4．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C．Donations. D．Documents. 答案：A 詞義猜測(cè)題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過(guò)與不同機(jī)構(gòu)組織的合作而精選出的，所以contribution應(yīng)指文中的major works，即藝術(shù)品，故選A項(xiàng)。,Passage 2 (2014課標(biāo)全國(guó)ⅠB) Passenger pigeons (旅鴿)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.,Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.,By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驅(qū)散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.,In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914. 立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文介紹了美國(guó)的旅鴿滅絕的原因與經(jīng)歷。旅鴿的數(shù)量曾經(jīng)多到飛行時(shí)能夠遮天蔽日，后來(lái)人類(lèi)的濫捕濫殺和對(duì)它們棲息地的破壞導(dǎo)致了它們的滅絕。,1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons______. A．were the biggest bird in the world B．lived mainly in the south of America C．did great harm to the natural environment D．were the largest bird population in the US 答案：D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句以及第二段第一句可知，在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)初，旅鴿的數(shù)量占到了美國(guó)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)總量的24%至40%，這一結(jié)果可能使其成為全世界最多數(shù)量的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。由此可推斷出，旅鴿當(dāng)時(shí)是美國(guó)數(shù)量最多的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。,2．The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons______. A．escape B．ruin C．liberation D．evolution 答案：B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞之后敘述的內(nèi)容可知鴿子被當(dāng)作城市飯店中的食物，遭受了長(zhǎng)期大量的捕殺，可判斷出畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞所在句子的意思是說(shuō)鴿子的數(shù)量遭受了“毀滅性”的打擊。因此可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞的意思應(yīng)該是“毀滅、破壞”與選項(xiàng)中的ruin的意思最接近。,3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A．To seek pleasure. B．To save other birds. C．To make money. D．To protect crops. 答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話(huà)“The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”可知，鴿子被捕捉后被運(yùn)往大城市賣(mài)給了各個(gè)餐廳，由此可推斷出人們捕殺鴿子主要是為了掙錢(qián)。,4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A．It was ignored by the public. B．It was declared too late. C．It was unfair. D．It was strict. 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“.but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.”制定法律的時(shí)候，已有十年時(shí)間都沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)成規(guī)模的鴿群了，再根據(jù)其后說(shuō)的在法律制定的三年后即1990年時(shí)連最后一只被確認(rèn)的野旅鴿也死亡了，說(shuō)明了宣布實(shí)施這部法律時(shí)為時(shí)已晚。,斷章取義，忽視邏輯 What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods, including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes—the list goes on and on.,The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升級(jí)) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet.,Q．From “he has never looked back” in Paragraph 2 we learn that Pierre ________. A．did not feel lonely B．was always hopeful C．did not think about the past D．became more and more successful 錯(cuò)誤分析：如果只看Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. “有了朋友Peter Skill和1998年能力過(guò)人的首席執(zhí)行官M(fèi)eg Whitman的加入，他再也沒(méi)有回頭?！比菀渍`選B或C，認(rèn)為他有了幫手后信心大增，對(duì)未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)希望了。,答案：D 此題是猜測(cè)詞義及推理判斷題，根據(jù)文章理解短語(yǔ)“l(fā)ook back”的具體意思。這類(lèi)題考查目的是，讓考生以上下文內(nèi)容為參考，嘗試?yán)斫馕闹谐霈F(xiàn)的生詞或短語(yǔ)。而文章中出現(xiàn)這個(gè)生詞的位置，往往下文中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)這個(gè)詞的解釋、說(shuō)明、舉例等。在he has never looked back之后，緊接著出現(xiàn)了Even in the crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet. “ 盡管在20世紀(jì)90年代出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)崩潰，eBay還是一步一步的壯大了，成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物10個(gè)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)量最大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場(chǎng)之一”，說(shuō)明彼得事業(yè)的成功，因此答案應(yīng)該為D。做這類(lèi)題目一定要看具體的上下文，不能斷章取義，不注意與原文內(nèi)容的聯(lián)系。,