【名師導(dǎo)學(xué)】2017屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法1 名詞和冠詞課件 牛津譯林版

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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級(jí),,第三級(jí),,第四級(jí),,第五級(jí),,*,*,*,一、名詞和冠詞,,1,.,paintings,?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。因?yàn)樵撛~由,so many,修飾,，,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,2,.,the,?？疾楣谠~用法。,,根據(jù)句意可知此處為形容詞最高級(jí),，,故應(yīng)該在,most,前加,the,。,4,.,the,?？疾楣谠~。,go to the library,去圖書館。,2,．名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化,,情況,構(gòu)成方法,讀音,例詞,一般情況,加,-,s,清輔音后讀,/s/,map,—,maps,,,濁輔音和元音后讀,/z/,bag,—,bags /car,

2、—,cars,以,s,，,sh,，,ch,，,x,等結(jié)尾,加,-,es,讀,/iz/,bus,—,buses/watch,—,watches,以,ce,，,se,，,ze,等結(jié)尾,加,-,s,讀,/iz/,license,—,licenses,以輔音字母＋,y,結(jié)尾,變,y,為,i,再加,es,讀,/z/,baby,—,babies,情況,構(gòu)成方法,讀音,例詞,有中心名詞的合成名詞,把中心名詞變復(fù)數(shù),,son,-,in,-,law,—,sons,-,in,-,law,無中心名詞的合成名詞,把最后一個(gè)名詞變復(fù)數(shù),,know,-,it,-,all,—,know,-,it,-,alls,,3,.,其

3、他名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化,,情況,例詞,以,y,結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母＋,y,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)直接加,s,變復(fù)數(shù),two Marys,，,the Henrys,，,monkeys,，,holidays,以,o,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加,s,photos,，,radios,，,pianos,，,zoos,，,kilos, bamboos, tobaccos,以,o,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加,es,potatoes,，,tomatoes, heroes,情況,例詞,以,o,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加,s,或,es,都可以,zeros,或,zeroes, volcanos,或,volcanoes,，,m

4、osquitos,或,mosquitoes,以,f,或,fe,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加,s,beliefs,，,roofs,，,safes,，,gulfs,以,f,或,fe,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要去掉,f,或,fe,再加,ves,halves,，,knives,，,leaves,，,wolves,，,wives,，,lives,，,thieves,情況,例詞,以,f,或,fe,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加,s,或去掉,f,或,fe,再加,ves,handkerchiefs,或,handkerchieves,以,ch,結(jié)尾且,ch,發(fā),/k/,音的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加,s,stomachs,以,um,結(jié)尾的

5、名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)把,um,改為,a,media,，,data,，,curricula,，,bacteria,以,sis,結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)把,sis,改為,ses,bases,，,crises,，,theses,，,analyses,，,emphases,，,diagnoses,情況,例子,單數(shù)名詞及詞尾沒有,s,的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，加,“,'s,”,the boy's bag,男孩的書包,men's room,男廁所,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有,s,，只加,“,',”,the workers' struggle,,工人的斗爭(zhēng),以,s,結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，通常是直接加,“,',”,my boss' office,,我

6、老板的辦公室,表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,the barber's,理發(fā)店,情況,例子,如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，且分別有,“,'s,”,，則表示,“,分別有,”,；只在后面一個(gè)名詞后加,“,'s,”,，則表示,“,共有,”,John's and Mary's rooms(,兩間,),,John and Mary's room(,一間,),表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市、天體的名詞所有格,two minutes' rest,，,China's population,，,,the earth's surface,2,．,冠詞的用法,不定冠詞,(a/an),的用法

7、,例句,表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),I gave him a book yesterday.,,I am reading an interesting story.,表示人或事物的某一種類，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，即以其中的一個(gè)，代表一類,A horse is useful to mankind.,,A bird can fly.,用在事物的,“,單位,”,前，如時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前，表示,“,每一,”,We often go to school two times a day.,,I went to the library once a week at least.,不定冠詞,(a/an

8、),的用法,例句,用在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前，使該名詞具體化,a coffee, a heavy rain,,The get,-,together was a great success.,用在專有名詞前，表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè),He is a Kong Fransen.,,A Mrs. Smith wishes to speak to you.,放在序數(shù)詞前，不表次序，而表,“,再，又，還,”,Would you want to try a third time,？,不定冠詞,(a/an),的用法,例句,“,a/ an,＋名詞,1,＋,and,＋名詞,2,”,表示一個(gè)人同時(shí)擁有兩種身份,A

9、 singer and dancer has come in.,“,a/ an,＋名詞,1,＋,and,＋,a/ an,＋名詞,2,”,表示兩個(gè)不同身份的人,A singer and a dancer have come in.,定冠詞的用法,例句,特指某,(,些,),人或某,(,些,),事物，以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物,The bag in the desk is mine.,,Is this the book you are looking for,？,用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物,I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop.The book costs

10、15 yuan.,用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前，但世界上獨(dú)一無二的詞中，,society,，,nature,，,space,前不加冠詞,The sun is bigger than the moon.,,One must obey the rules of society.,定冠詞的用法,例句,與某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，表示某一類人,The wounded were brought to the hospital.,,He always helps the poor.,用在某些表示單位的名詞前，表示,“,按,……”,單位來計(jì)算,Tom gets paid

11、by the hour.,用在前面已經(jīng)提到的人的身體部位前,She patted the boy on the head.,用在整十的復(fù)數(shù)前，表年代,They got to know each other in the seventies.,定冠詞的用法,例句,兩者比較時(shí)，表示,“,……,之最,”,，在比較級(jí)前加,the,Who is the taller,，,Tom or Jim,？,在固定句型,“,the,＋比較級(jí)，,the,＋比較級(jí),”,中，表,“,越,……,越,……”,The earlier,，,the better.,用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)或表示方位的名詞前,This is the

12、 biggest city in China I have ever visited.,,I saw a plane coming from the east.,定冠詞的用法,例句,用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的名稱前；但演奏拼音寫成的樂器名詞時(shí)，前面不加任何冠詞,The little girl likes to play the violin.,,They are going to the cinema tonight.,,Do you know how to play erhu,？,用在報(bào)刊，雜志名稱的名詞之前,I am reading,the China Daily,now.,

13、,Have you got,the E,v,ening Paper,yet?,用在江河，海洋，山脈，群島的名稱之前,Have you heard of the Himalayas?,,We live near the Yellow River.,定冠詞的用法,例句,用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示一家人或某家中的一些人,(,如夫婦二人,),The Greens are very kind to us.,,The Whites like the classic music.,“,the,＋名詞,1,＋,and,＋名詞,2,”,表示一個(gè)人同時(shí)擁有兩種身份,The host and writer is fly

14、ing to Italy.,“,the,＋名詞,1,＋,and,＋,the,＋名詞,2,”,表示兩個(gè)不同身份的人,The host and the writer are flying to Italy.,不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,例句,不含普通名詞的專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前一般不用冠詞,Water is the source of life.,,I asked him how he liked Paris.,,Knowledge begins with practice.,man,，,mankind,，,human,表人類時(shí)，不用冠詞，也不用復(fù)數(shù),Man/ Mankind/ Human is m

15、aster of nature.,不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,例句,turn,作為系動(dòng)詞，后面的表語若是名詞，前面也不用冠詞,John turned engineer finally.,表稱呼或獨(dú)一無二的頭銜的名詞，在作表語，同位語或補(bǔ)語時(shí)，不加冠詞,Obama became president of America.,不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,例句,交通工具放在,by,后，前面不加冠詞,I went there by plane.,as,或,though,引導(dǎo)的倒裝的讓步狀語從句中，名詞提前時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞,Child as/ though she is,，,she can speak several lang

16、uages.,在,“,名詞＋介詞＋名詞,”,的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，若兩個(gè)名詞前都無修飾語，又不是復(fù)數(shù)，則不用冠詞,He came in,，,hat on head.(cf: He came in, a hat on his head.),不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,例句,表示三餐飯的名詞之前不用冠詞,(,不包括,meal),，但如果指具體的某次餐飲時(shí)用定冠詞,It's time for breakfast.,,What do you have for lunch?,,Come on,，,or the dinner will be getting cold.,在季節(jié)，月份，星期幾，節(jié)日，球類運(yùn)動(dòng)，棋類游戲的名詞

17、之前不用冠詞,Summer is hot and winter is cold here.,,New Year's Day is coming.,具體某種語言的名稱前不用冠詞；但其后如有,language,時(shí)，則需要加定冠詞,the,Can you speak English?,,It's difficult to learn the Chinese language well.,不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,例句,某些固定詞組不用冠詞,They went out hand in hand.,,They are father and son.,注意：某些詞組用不用冠詞、用不同的冠詞，意思差異很大，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)記憶

18、,in prison,被監(jiān)禁，坐牢,,in the prison,在監(jiān)獄里,,in charge of,管理,,in the charge of,被管理,,take place,發(fā)生,,take the place of,替代,,for a moment,一會(huì)兒,,for the moment,此刻,,a number of,許多,,the number of,……,的數(shù)量,,in case of,萬一,,in the case of,在某種情況下,3.,冠詞位置,不定冠詞位置,例句,不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,a book,，,a wealthy man,，,an orange coa

19、t,位于下列形容詞之后：,such,，,what,，,many,，,half,I have never seen such an animal.,,Many a man is fit for the job.,當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞,as,，,so,，,too,，,how,，,however,，,enough,修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后,It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.,,So short a time.,不定冠詞位置,例句,quite,，,rather,與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后,。,但當(dāng),rather,，,quite,前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可,quite a lot,定冠詞位置,例句,定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在,all,，,both,，,double,，,half,，,twice,，,three times,等詞之后，名詞之前,All the students in the class went out.,1,.,the; a,。根據(jù)句意可知此處,accident,是指雙方都知道的事,，,故其前應(yīng)用定冠詞；而,Sunday,此處是指某一個(gè)星期天,，,其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞。,scientists,,the,,the,,The,,the,,girls,’,the,,experience,