2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 魔法英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義 虛擬語(yǔ)氣教案 新人教版必修5.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 魔法英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義 虛擬語(yǔ)氣教案 新人教版必修5 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（the subjunctive mood），又稱(chēng)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣，是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人敘述的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中并不存在，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小。 一、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣 語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)區(qū)別講話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣(mood)有三種，分別是陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1.陳述語(yǔ)氣 陳述語(yǔ)氣一般用來(lái)敘述事實(shí)或就事實(shí)提出詢(xún)問(wèn)，主要用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。 Where there is a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能幫我把箱子搬到樓上嗎？ How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念鄉(xiāng)村的生活啊！ 2.祈使語(yǔ)氣 祈使語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或下達(dá)命令。 e this way, please! 請(qǐng)這邊走。 Dont make any noise, will you 別吵，行嗎？ Do be careful when crossing the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要小心。 3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鳥(niǎo)，我就能在空中飛行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好運(yùn)！ 二、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 英語(yǔ)中條件從句有兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)是真實(shí)條件句，另一類(lèi)是非真實(shí)條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句；如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。 A．真實(shí)條件句 真實(shí)條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 If he doesnt e at 8, we wont wait for him. 如果他八點(diǎn)不來(lái)，我們就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 過(guò)去發(fā)生洪水的話，常有很大的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我們將去那里。 Ill let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持車(chē)子干凈，我就讓你用我的自行車(chē)。 B．非真實(shí)條件句 在含有非真實(shí)條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成有三種形式： 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 if條件句的謂語(yǔ)：were did 主句的謂：would (couldshouldmight) + do 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 if條件句的謂語(yǔ)：had done 主句的謂：would(couldshouldmight) + have done 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 if條件句的謂語(yǔ)：didwere 主句的謂：should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do 1． 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件 條件從句用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句用should（第一人稱(chēng)）或would（全部人稱(chēng)）+動(dòng)詞原形。可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, might代替should, would表示情態(tài)。 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的話，我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去試試。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成為馬匹，叫花子都有了坐騎  would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他們把我當(dāng)奴隸對(duì)待，我就走。 2．表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件 條件從句用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用should（第一人稱(chēng)）或would（全部人稱(chēng)）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的電話號(hào)碼，我就給你打電話了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是沒(méi)下雨，我就去買(mǎi)東西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我們沒(méi)有修建這么多的水庫(kù)，洪水就會(huì)使人民遭受巨大的損失。 3． 表示在將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件 表示在將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件從句有三種形式： ① weredid 條件從句用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句用should（第一人稱(chēng)）或would（全部人稱(chēng)）+動(dòng)詞原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在這里的話，我就和他談?wù)劇? If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下來(lái)，會(huì)打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有時(shí)間，就會(huì)幫我了。 ② should do 條件從句中不管什么人稱(chēng)都用should do，可表示有偶然實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。 If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，莊稼可能就有救了。 We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是誠(chéng)實(shí)的，那我們就相信他。 ③ were to do 條件從句用were + to do。這種形式比較正式，常出現(xiàn)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，其假設(shè)成份很大，實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做這項(xiàng)工作，我就會(huì)以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to e, what would we say to him 假如校長(zhǎng)來(lái)了，我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？ 對(duì)比： 將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的三種非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)比 If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的話，我就留在家里。 （常用形式） If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的話，我就留在家里。 （可能性較?。? If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的話，我就留在家里。（可能性最小） C．省略if的條件句 在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，非真實(shí)條件句中有were, had, should時(shí)，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主語(yǔ)前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的話，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......） Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. 你要是聽(tīng)了我的建議，就不會(huì)考試不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......） Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有時(shí)間，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......） D．錯(cuò)綜條件句 虛擬條件句中的主句和從句涉及的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)按照各自動(dòng)作發(fā)生的實(shí)際時(shí)間來(lái)表達(dá)。 If you hadnt watched TV yesterday, you wouldnt be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看電視，你現(xiàn)在也就不會(huì)這么困了。（從句yesterday說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句now說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在） If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他們今天一早就離開(kāi)家的話，再過(guò)半小時(shí)他們就該到了。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明將來(lái)。） If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻猶豫不決，你將來(lái)會(huì)吃苦頭的。（從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，主句說(shuō)明將來(lái)） 注意： 在很多情況下，我們也可以用was來(lái)代替當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)的were。 If were here tomorrow... 也可以說(shuō)成：If he was here tomorrow... I wish I were a bird. 也可以說(shuō)成：I sish I was a bird. 但倒裝句型中的were不可被was來(lái)替換。 Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我處在你的位置，我是不會(huì)干這件事的。 E．含蓄條件句 非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況： 1．條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中 He would not get such a result without your help. 沒(méi)有你的幫助，他就不會(huì)有今天的成果。(條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不會(huì)恢復(fù)得這么快。(條件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.　同樣的事，如發(fā)生在過(guò)去，就會(huì)釀成大禍。(條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)happening in the past中) He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.　他一定是去過(guò)那兒，否則他絕不會(huì)對(duì)那個(gè)地方如此熟悉。(暗含條件是連詞or) 2．條件可根據(jù)上下文推理出 It would do you no good. 這可能會(huì)對(duì)你沒(méi)好處。(條件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放棄這項(xiàng)工作的話) They could have won.　他們本來(lái)是會(huì)贏的。(條件可能是if they had been patient 如果他們有耐心的話) Such mistakes could have been avoided. 這種錯(cuò)誤完全能避免。（條件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一點(diǎn)的話） Why didnt you tell me about it I should have helped you. 為什么你不告訴我？我會(huì)幫助你的。（條件可能是if you had told me about it 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)告訴我的話） --- Did you go to see him yesterday 你昨天去看他了嗎？ --- I would have, but someone dropped over to my house for a visit. 原想去的，但有人到我家來(lái)玩了。（條件是if no one had dropped over to my house for a visit 如果沒(méi)人到我家來(lái)玩的話） 3．條件用其他形式來(lái)表示 She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. 她病了，否則的話就會(huì)出席會(huì)議了。（條件通過(guò)連詞otherwise/or表示出來(lái) If she had not been ill...） I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him. 我讓他自己去那里，但也許我應(yīng)該和他一道去。（連詞but暗示條件） Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do 假若你站在我的立場(chǎng)上，你會(huì)怎么辦？（用suppose/supposing/providing等詞表示if） To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well. 如果你同她交談，你就會(huì)知道她的聽(tīng)力不好。（動(dòng)詞不定式帶有假設(shè)的意思，相當(dāng)于 If you should talk with her...） Left to himself, he could not have finished the work. 要是放任他的話，他是不可能完成工作的。（動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示條件 If he had been left to himself...） 提示： 在很多情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。 You wouldnt know.　你不會(huì)知道。 I would like to go with you.　我愿意和你一起去。 三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句中的用法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣除主要用于非真實(shí)條件句外，還可用在部分主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句之中。 A．名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 主句中的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞如表示要求、建議、命令或愿望等含義，與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1．主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 主語(yǔ)從句通常用于“It is + 形容詞名詞動(dòng)詞的-ed形式 + that ...”結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)從句中是否用虛擬語(yǔ)氣取決于所用的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “should + 動(dòng)詞原形”（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)常省略should，只用動(dòng)詞原形）。 ①表示建議或命令 It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我們要制訂出一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。 It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我們?cè)诹硪粋€(gè)時(shí)間見(jiàn)面。 It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建議每個(gè)學(xué)生都要唱一首英文歌曲。 It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻離開(kāi)。 ②表示驚訝 It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。 It is a pity/shame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜，我應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)校而不是躺在醫(yī)院里。 It is natural that you should forget it first. 你起先記不住是很自然的。 必背： 常見(jiàn)的要接含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣主語(yǔ)從句的詞 形容詞：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等 It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the puter. 有必要把程序輸入電腦。 It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)了那么多的東西。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前準(zhǔn)備就緒。 2．賓語(yǔ)從句 虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用在表示要求、建議、命令或愿望的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 常見(jiàn)的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的動(dòng)詞有： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 兩個(gè)命令：order, mand 三個(gè)建議：suggest, advise, propose 四個(gè)要求：demand, require, ask, desire ①在suggest（建議）, order(命令), propose(建議), insist（堅(jiān)持要做）, mand (命令)，request（要求），advise（建議）等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形 （美國(guó)英語(yǔ)常省略should）。 The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求學(xué)生不要使用計(jì)算器。 The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人們要求增加百分之十的工資。 They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他們要求他唱一首歌。 比較： 動(dòng)詞suggest和insist后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況選用陳述語(yǔ)氣或虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 suggest作“建議”解時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作“使想起、暗示”解時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他贊同我的決定。（暗示） He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建議我堅(jiān)持自己的決定。（建議） insist作“堅(jiān)決要求”解時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為做早操對(duì)健康有益。（強(qiáng)調(diào)） He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他堅(jiān)持每天都要做早操。（要求） ②在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)were/did 表示目前不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鳥(niǎo)。 I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had done 表示過(guò)去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 I wish she had taken my advice.那時(shí)她要是接受我的建議就好了。 I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天見(jiàn)過(guò)她。 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would/could do表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一個(gè)小時(shí)。 I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。 提示： 由于wish和hope的漢語(yǔ)意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出錯(cuò)。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，后接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；hope表示“希望”，指可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，后接從句時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The students hope that their football team will win the game. 學(xué)生們希望他們的足球隊(duì)獲勝。 （可能實(shí)現(xiàn)） I wish I could see him now. 我希望現(xiàn)在就能看到他。（不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)） 3．表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 The demand is that the position (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必須單面謄寫(xiě)。 It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 我的愿望是所有家庭成員一年團(tuán)圓一次。 The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable. 教育要改革的建議是合理的。 必背： 表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞常見(jiàn)的有 advice 建議 demand 要求 desire 愿望 decision 決定 idea 意見(jiàn) motion 提議 order 命令 proposal 提議 requirement 要求 request 請(qǐng)求 regulation 規(guī)章 suggestion 建議 B．狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ①方式狀語(yǔ)從句 由as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)不符或與事實(shí)相反的情況。 a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不相符，用一般過(guò)去時(shí) The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 這位老師對(duì)待這位學(xué)生就像自己的親生孩子一樣。（這位學(xué)生并不是她的親生孩子） b. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)不相符，用過(guò)去完成時(shí) I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感覺(jué)我們好像認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。（其實(shí)并沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)多年） c. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)不相符，用would/might/could It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨） 對(duì)比： He looks as if he is young. 看樣子他好像很年輕。（他就是年輕） He looks as if he were young. 看樣子他好像很年輕。（實(shí)際上他不年輕） ②目的狀語(yǔ)從句 a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示憂慮或目的。 Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 請(qǐng)你明天再提醒我這件事，以免我忘記。 She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)免得他忘記。 We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding. 我們開(kāi)了一個(gè)會(huì)，面對(duì)面談了這件事，以免發(fā)生任何誤會(huì). b. 在in order that和so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。 I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的電話號(hào)碼記下來(lái)，以免忘記。 They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 為了能提前完成工作，他們比往常更加努力。 We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真實(shí)情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。 ③讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句指事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。若從句內(nèi)容表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的假設(shè)情況，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失敗了，仍有一線希望。 I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在這里，我還是要這么說(shuō)。 Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功還是失敗，我們還是要做好自己的事。 However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我們還是要去那里。 No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一個(gè)人不論其社會(huì)地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。 C．定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在It is (high) time (that) ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，表示“到某人該做某事的時(shí)間了”。 It is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間了。 It is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我們開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)間了。 四、其他句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 A． If only...... If only位于句首引起的感嘆句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示目前的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的愿望，用would或could表示將來(lái)。 If only he knew the answer. 他要是知道答案就好了。（用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在） If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能講幾種外語(yǔ)就好了?。ㄓ脀ould/could表示將來(lái)） If only you had told me the truth before. 要是你以前告訴我真相就好了。（用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去） 注意：if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。 If only it would rain. 但愿天能下點(diǎn)兒雨！= How I wish it would rain. If only I had known her earlier! 要是我早點(diǎn)兒認(rèn)識(shí)她就好了！= I wish I had known her earlier. B．would rather would rather, would prefer, would sooner 等后接從句，表示“寧愿”，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)和將來(lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況。 I would rather you left today. 我寧可你今天走。 I would prefer he didnt stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在這兒呆得太久。 I would rather I hadnt seen that film yesterday. 我寧愿昨天沒(méi)有看那場(chǎng)電影。 提示： would rather 主要有兩種用法。 1．后接不帶to的不定式 Id rather play tennis than swim. 我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，也不愿游泳。 Id rather not go to the movies. 我寧愿不去看電影。 Which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜歡喝茶，還是咖啡 2．后接不用連詞的that從句 Id rather you went home now. 我希望你現(xiàn)在就回家。 I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。 C．表示愿望的感嘆句 在表示祝愿的感嘆句中，用動(dòng)詞原形，表示愿望。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！ May you be happy! 祝您快樂(lè)！ God bless you! 上帝保佑你！ Success attend you! 祝你成功！ The Lord save us! 愿主救我們！ D．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去形式（could, might, should, would），可以用于非真實(shí)條件句以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)中表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1．表示想像或猜測(cè) If I could speak French, I would teach you. 如果我會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，我就能教你。（我不會(huì)，所以不能教你） If you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled. 如果你現(xiàn)在給他打電話，你就可以把問(wèn)題解決了。 There could be something wrong with the tape recorder. 這臺(tái)錄音機(jī)可能出毛病了。 He might have said so. 他可能這樣說(shuō)過(guò)。 Could he have done such a foolish thing 他會(huì)做這樣的傻事嗎？ 2．表示委婉或客氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（could, would, might + 動(dòng)詞原形）可使說(shuō)話者的口氣變得委婉客氣。 You could answer this email for me. 你可以替我回這個(gè)電子郵件。 Could you leave me your telephone number and address 你能將電話號(hào)碼和地址留給我嗎？ Would you mind opening the window 勞駕把窗子打開(kāi)，好嗎？ You might as well put off the discussion till next week. 你們不妨把討論推遲到下個(gè)星期。 比較： would like to do 愿意，想要 would like to have done 本來(lái)想 I would like (to have) a word with you.我想和你談一談。(現(xiàn)在想) I would like to have talked with you.我原本想和你談一談的。（沒(méi)有談成） 3．表示惋惜或責(zé)備 Given more time, we could have done better. 如果給我們更多時(shí)間，我們能夠干得更好些。（我們并沒(méi)有得到更多的時(shí)間） You could have got up a little earlier！ 你完全可以早點(diǎn)兒起來(lái)?。▽?shí)際上沒(méi)有早起） It was cold yesterday. I should have worn a heavy coat. 昨天很冷，我該穿件厚外套的。（但我沒(méi)穿） This wall shouldnt have been pained blue. 這墻不應(yīng)該漆成藍(lán)色。（但已漆了） 提示： 當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)一個(gè)顯著的變化就是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用越來(lái)越少，許多該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的地方都用陳述語(yǔ)氣代替。 He suggested that I went to the hospital at once. 他建議我們立刻去醫(yī)院。（原應(yīng)用should go） We shall write down the address lest we forget. 我們要把地址記下來(lái)，以免忘記。（原應(yīng)用should forget） Imagine you are an astronaut. 設(shè)想你是個(gè)宇航員。（原應(yīng)用were）