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1、缺陷名稱和分類 A 尺寸，形狀缺陷鑄造缺陷 casting defects尺寸超差 improper shrinkage allowance尺寸不合格 wrong size模樣錯(cuò)誤 excess rapping of pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error壁厚不均 different thickness鑄型下垂 mold sag錯(cuò)型 mold shift, shift, miss-match, cross-joint舂移 ram off, ram away塌型 mold drop, drop off, drop out, drop sticker上型下
2、沉，沉芯 sag( 上型和型芯下垂導(dǎo)致壁厚減小 ）飛翅 fins, joint flash 翹曲 warp age, buckling, warping, camber鑄件變形 warped casting擠箱 push up, cramp-off型裂 broken mold, cracked掉砂 crush of mold, crush變形 deformation, casting distortion, warped casting B. 縮孔 （ 由凝固收縮引起 )縮孔 shrinkage, shrinkaged cavity內(nèi)部縮孔 internal shrinkage, disper
3、sed shrinkage, blind shrinkage敞露縮孔 open shrinkage, external shrinkages, sink marks, depression縮松 porosity, shrinkage porosity, leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage縮陷 sink marks, draw, suck-in芯面縮孔 core shrinkage內(nèi)角縮孔 corner shrinkage, fillet shrinkage出汗孔 extruded bead, exudation線狀縮孔 fissure l
4、ike shrinkage C. 氣體缺陷（由氣體引起的孔）氣孔 blowholes, gas hole, blow針孔 pinholes裂紋狀缺陷，線狀缺陷 fissure defects D. 裂紋裂紋 crack 縮裂 shrinkage crack季裂 season cracking, season crack應(yīng)力熱裂 hot cracking, hot tearing, hot tear淬火裂紋 quench crack, quenching crack應(yīng)力冷裂 cold cracking, breakage, cold tearing, cold tear 龜裂 crack激冷層裂
5、紋，白裂 chill crack E. 夾雜物夾渣 slag inclusion, slag blowholes砂眼 sand inclusion, raised sand, sand hole其他夾雜物 the other inclusion脹砂 push up, cramp-off, sand hole掉砂 crush, crush of mold硬點(diǎn) hard spot浮渣 dross ( 澆注后在鑄型內(nèi)形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的線狀缺陷的總稱，另外，澆注過(guò)程中被卷進(jìn)去的缺陷成為夾渣和砂眼，兩者的區(qū)別是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣 graphite dross, carbon d
6、ross氧化皮夾渣 oxide dross, oxide inclusion, skins, seams硫化物熔渣 sulfide dross沉淀物 sludge 夾渣物 sand inclusion, oxide inclusion, skins, seams黑點(diǎn)，黑渣 black spots, lustrous carbon 涂料夾渣 blacking, refractory coating inclusions光亮碳膜 lustrous carbon films, kish tracks F. 外觀缺陷澆不足 misrun, short run, cold lap, cold shut冷
7、隔 cold shut, cold laps輕度冷隔 seam兩重皮 plate皺皮 surface fold, gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks漏箱 run-out, runout, break-out, bleeder漏芯 mold drop, stiker未澆滿 short pours, short run, poured short氣孔 blowholes, blow飛翅 fins，joint flash脹砂，氣皰 swell, blister芯撐未融合 chaplet shut, insert cold shut, un
8、fused chaplet熱粘砂 burn in熱痕 flow marks 內(nèi)滲豆，冷豆，冷隔 internal sweating, cold shot, shot iron外滲物 sweating 磷化物滲豆 phosphide sweat鉛滲豆 lead sweat錫滲豆 tin sweat掉砂 rat, sticker （ 型砂的一部分附著在模樣上而形成的表面缺陷） G. 型芯缺陷砂芯斷裂 crushed core, broken core砂芯壓碎 broken core芯面縮孔 core blow砂芯縮孔 core blow砂芯下垂 sag core, deformed core砂芯彎
9、曲 deformed core漂芯 shifted core, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout偏芯 core shift H. 表面缺陷沾砂 burn on, sand burning, burn in , penetration粘型（ 金屬型 ） fusion兩重皮 laminations , plat機(jī)械粘砂 penetration , metal penetration夾渣結(jié)疤 scabs , expansion scabs , corner scab表面粗糙 rough casting , rough surface 鼠尾 bu
10、ckle , rat tail涂料結(jié)疤 blacking scab , wash scabs烘干不足 sever surface , wash scabs熟痕 surface defect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚斷面處形成下陷的蛇狀傷痕）涂料剝落 wash erosion氣皰 blister , surface or subsurface blow hole表面粗糙 rough surface , seems , scars起皮 stripping 剝落結(jié)疤 pull down , spalling scab傷痕 c
11、rows feet麻面 pitting surface , orange peel , alligator skin熱裂痕 surface folds , gas runs泡疤表面 surface folds , gas runs象皮狀皺皮 surface fold , gas run , elephant skin皺皮 surface fold , gas run , seams , scare , flow marks波紋 wave沖砂 wash沖蝕 erosion I. 組織缺陷 （ 鑄鐵 )球化不良 poor nodularity , degenerated graphite蠕墨化不良
12、 degenerated graphite異常石墨 abnormal graphite開(kāi)花狀石墨 exploded graphite過(guò)冷石墨 under cooled graphite , D-type graphite石墨細(xì)小顆粒 chunky graphite石墨粗大 kish graphite , kish整列石墨 aligned graphite石墨漂浮 floated graphite石墨魏氏組織 Widmannstatten graphite麻口 mottled cast iron , mottle灰點(diǎn) mottle反麻口 inverse mottle ( 與麻口相反，在薄斷面處和
13、尖角處形成的麻口）白口 chill 反白口 reverse chill , inverse chill冷豆 extruded bead , exudation , internal sweating退火不足 miss annealing , incomplete annealing粗大枝晶組織 coarsened dendritic反偏析 inverse segregation比重偏析 gravity segregation溶質(zhì)偏析 solute segregation宏觀偏析 macroscopic segregation 微觀偏析 microscopic segregation J. 斷口
14、缺陷表面鐵素體 ferrite rim表面珠光體 pearlite rim白緣 ，脫碳 pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlite layer不均勻斷口 heterogeneous fractured surface破碎激冷層 scattered chill structure , cold flakes晶粒粗大 rough grain尖釘狀斷口 spiky fractured surface冰糖狀斷口 rock candy fracture surface K. 力學(xué)性能缺陷 硬點(diǎn) hard spot ( 對(duì)鑄件，硬點(diǎn)是硬區(qū)、白口或冷豆等力學(xué)性能缺陷的總
15、稱；對(duì)鋁合金，硬點(diǎn)是鑄件內(nèi)各種高硬度相， 如初晶Si相、金屬間化合物、氧化物，偏析等總稱 ） 硬度不良 poor hardness , too high or low hardness L. 使用性能缺陷腐蝕性不良 poor corrosion resistance切削性不良 poor machinability麻點(diǎn) torn surface鋅晶間腐蝕 zinc intergranular corrosion電導(dǎo)率不良 poor electrical conductivity M. 其他缺陷殘留飛翅 residual fin殘留黑皮 residual black skin澆道冒口斷口缺肉 br
16、oken casting at gate , riser or vent端部缺肉 inside cut 切口缺肉 （ 壓鑄件 ） inside cut翹曲 ( 噴丸引起 ） camber , excessive cleaning 鑄件彎曲 ( 鑄件變形 ） warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep打磨缺肉 crows feet 鑄造管理缺陷裂紋 crack壓痕 impression殘留物型砂殘留 sand inclusions噴丸粒殘留 residual shot鋅蒸汽向爐壁滲透 zinc infiltration into refractory
鑄造缺陷名稱和分類
