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1、 The Vaiont Landslide in the Dolomites(The Dolomites are a mountain range in Northern Italy) This map shows the scale of the landslide, which slopped the contents of the reservoir over the dam and killed more than 2000 people in Longarone and the adjoining communities This is a view of th landslide
2、from upstream. 地質(zhì) Rockslide at Yosemite National Park, California kills one, injures 4 7. 不穩(wěn)定邊坡的防治措施平整坡面以免坑洼地積水外圍挖溝槽以阻斷地表水流向坡體坡體上修筑排水溝防地表水入滲Surface Drainage on a slope on the road into Runswick Bay, a coastal village in Yorkshire, EnglandIn the H enllys landslide in South Wales trench drains have be
3、en dug in front of the landslip, so that it will slide over the top, and be drained from underneath. Drains are installed in near-horizontal boreholes under a tip of urban refuse which was sliding downhill near Ancona, Italy. This diagram shows a coastal landslide with several systems of drainage Dr
4、 ins are installed in e r-h rizontal boreholes from shafts in coastal landslide at H erne Bay, Kent. Drains are installed in a variety of ways to stabilize slopes. G ros Ventre Landslide Wyoming Traits:largest historic slide in U. S. June 23rd, 1925. 40 million metric tons. followed heavy rains and
5、snow melt. formed 40-60 meter deep lake. beds dipping parallel to slope. ranch destroyed by rising lake. 1927 break out flood. View from Grand Teton mountains across valley to E to Gros Ventre Range and large flake scar on mountain side. Upper part of slide showing where basal slip surface at bottom
6、 of Tensleep sandstone (on top of Amsden Formation clay beds) is exposed. Note intact sliver with trees half way down bare scarp. View from interior of hummocky toe to other side of valley where Tensleep sandstone rode up and against in place Chugwater red clastics. View from head scarp scar with sn
7、ow to translational slide block in middle to hummocky toe at base. Creep is the unnoticed slow movement of unconsolidated soils downslope. It is commonly seen as curved tree trunks as in the above phote. Important to look for when buying real estate but not life-threatening. An earth flow near Inter
8、state Highway 70, Ellsworth County. The head is the upslope portion of the landslide. The scarp, the steeply inclined failure surface with exposed soil and rock, marks the top of a landslide. The toe is the downslope portion of the landslide. A mound of soil called a lobe marks the toe of the landsl
9、ide. RECOGNITION OF AREAS OF POTENTIAL SLOPE FAILURE (25)I Main Topics A Motivation B Signs of slope instability http:/anaheim- I Motivation A Most landslides (or potential slides) can be recognized or predicted if the proper investigations are performed in advance. B Except for small slides, slides
10、 typically cost far less to prevent than to fix (An ounce of revention is worth a pond of cure.). C Massive slides may cost many times the cost of the desired facility; they should be avoided.III Signs of past slope instability (focus on topography and hydrology) A Review of maps (Figs. 4.5, 3.9 in
11、SR 176) B Review of aerial photos & remote sensing imagery in SR 176 1 Hummocky topography http:/www.kgs.ukans.edu/Publications/pic13/pic13_2.html a Oblique aerial photos: Figs. 2.19, 2,22, 2.23, 2.28, 2.33 b Stereophotos: Figs. 3.14, 3.26, 3.31 2 Arcuate fractures and old scarps or scars http:/anah
12、eim- a Oblique aerial photos: Figs. 2.19, 3.40, b Stereophotos: Figs. 3.5, 3.7, 3.14, 3.19, 3.20, 3.24 3 Areas of anomalous vegetation (seasonal photos useful) a Oblique aerial photos: Plate 3.3 a Stereophotos: Plates 3.1, 3.2 4 Areas of seepage: Vertical infrared imagery: Fig. 3.35 5 Sand flows and
13、 talus (Figs. 3.25, 3.30 ) C Features to examine in field reconnaissance 1 Ground cracks (Fig 4.2 in SR 176) 2 Closed hillside depressions 3 Phreatophytes and seeps 4 Patched or hummocky roads 5 Tilted walls, trees, and fences Surface signs of soil creep. Leaning power and telephone pole, fences and
14、 gravestones, and trees bending first downslope before growing straight up may provide evide of soil creep.The mechanics of soil creep. Individual soil or rock particles are raised at right angles to the slope by swelling or expansion and then settle vertically downward during compaction or contract
15、ion. The net result is slow downslope creep. EARTHFLOW : Soil and other surface materials move downslope as a viscous flow.SLUMP : a type of rotational slide. BLOCK SLIDE : The sliding mass is moving along a planar surface. Jipazi Landslide, Sanxia Gorges, Yangtze River One of landslide in the Loess Plateau Debris Flow in Jiangjiaguo, Yunnan Province Take samples from debris flow in Jiangjiaguo Front view of Xintan LandslideBird view of Xintan Landslide
工程地質(zhì)學(xué) 巖質(zhì)邊坡穩(wěn)定分析
