2019版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻 構(gòu)詞法課件.ppt

《2019版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻 構(gòu)詞法課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻 構(gòu)詞法課件.ppt（28頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

構(gòu)詞法,1.構(gòu)詞法的三種構(gòu)成形式。 2.派生、轉(zhuǎn)化及合成詞的靈活使用。,復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn),基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成、轉(zhuǎn)化和派生。 一、合成 合成是指將兩個(gè)意思不同的單詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)新詞。合成形式主要有以下幾種：,1. 合成名詞 名詞+名詞：postman, girlfriend, flowerbed, notebook 形容詞+名詞：blackboard, supermarket, greenhouse 名詞+動(dòng)詞：daybreak, sunrise, breastfeed 動(dòng)詞-ing形式+名詞：reading room, washing machine,名詞+動(dòng)詞-ing形式：handwriting, papermaking 動(dòng)詞+名詞：pickpocket, workroom 動(dòng)詞+副詞：breakup 其它形式：get-together, go-between, passer-by,2. 合成形容詞 形容詞 / 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed：warm-hearted, five-storeyed 名詞+過(guò)去分詞：home-made, hand-made 名詞+形容詞：world-famous, ice-cool 形容詞/數(shù)詞+名詞：full-time, second-hand 形容詞+過(guò)去分詞： newborn 副詞+分詞：well-known, newly-built 其它形式：face-to-face, evergreen,3. 合成代詞 代詞賓格/物主代詞+ self/selves：herself, ourselves 某些不定代詞some, any, every, no等+ body/one/thing：anyone, nothing 4. 合成介詞 介詞+介詞：throughout, within,5. 合成副詞 副詞+名詞：indoors, overhead, upstairs 介詞+名詞：alongside, beforehand 名詞+形容詞：sky-high 副詞+介詞：nearby 其它形式：meanwhile, headfirst 6. 合成動(dòng)詞 副詞+動(dòng)詞：overhear, overwork, underline 名詞+動(dòng)詞：moonwalk, sunbathe 形容詞+動(dòng)詞：whitewash, safeguard,二、轉(zhuǎn)化 轉(zhuǎn)化是指一個(gè)單詞的詞形不經(jīng)過(guò)任何變化而由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性。 1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞 有些詞在轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中詞義變化不大，如try, swim, shout, cry, kiss, wash, guess等。有些動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞時(shí)意義有一定的變化，如feed（v. 喂養(yǎng) → n. 飼料），draw（v. 畫畫，抽，拉 → n. 平局）等。,2. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞、名詞或副詞 ①有些形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。如：quiet （adj. 安靜的 → v. 使安靜）。 ②有些形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。如：quiet (adj. 安靜的，寂靜的 → n. 安靜，寂靜); calm (adj. 鎮(zhèn)靜的 → n. 泰然自若)。 ③有些形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞。如：dear, high, low, cheap, full, near, close, long等。,3. 介詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞：the ups and downs of life 4. 連詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞：no ifs, ands, or buts 5. 一些其它情況的轉(zhuǎn)化。如： They forwarded his mail to his new address. (adv. → v.) The people are walking north. (n. → adv.),三、派生 派生是指通過(guò)給一個(gè)單詞加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。前綴一般改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性, 后綴一般改變?cè)~性而不改變?cè)~義。 常見前綴： 名詞前加a-變?yōu)樾稳菰~或副詞。如：asleep等。 名詞或形容詞前加be-變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞。如：behead等。,名詞或形容詞前加en-變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞。如：endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge, enable等。 形容詞前加il-, ab-, un-, ir-, dis-, in-等變?yōu)榉戳x詞。如：illegal, illogical, abnormal, unable, unsafe, irregular, dishonest, disappointed, incorrect等。,常見后綴： 1. 形容詞后綴 名詞后加-ful變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“充滿……的，具有……性質(zhì)的”。如：hopeful, thankful等。 名詞后加-less變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“沒(méi)有……的”。如：hopeless, useless等。 名詞后加-ic, -ical變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“與……有關(guān)的，動(dòng)作/行為……的”。如：technical, scientific等。,名詞后加-ous變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“有……性質(zhì)的”。如：poisonous, mountainous等。 動(dòng)詞后加-able變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“可……的，能……的，具有……性質(zhì)的”。如：comfortable, relaxable等。 動(dòng)詞后加-ed變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“……的”。如：excited, amazed, satisfied等。,2. 名詞后輟 動(dòng)詞后加-ance變?yōu)槊~，表示狀態(tài)或行為。如：performance, guidance等。 動(dòng)詞后去不發(fā)音的-e加-tion或直接加-tion變?yōu)槊~，表示狀態(tài)或過(guò)程。如：decoration, translation, election等。 動(dòng)詞后加-er或-or變?yōu)槊~，表示人。如: survivor, worker, instructor等。,動(dòng)詞后加-ee變?yōu)槊~，表示動(dòng)作的承受者。如: employee, trainee等。 動(dòng)詞/名詞后加-ess變?yōu)槊~，表女性或雌性。如：hostess, actress, princess等。 動(dòng)詞后加-ment變?yōu)槊~，表示“……的行為”。如：arrangement, movement等。,名詞后加-ship變?yōu)槊~，表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、地位、資格等。如：relationship, friendship等。 形容詞后加-ness變?yōu)槊~，表示“……的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特點(diǎn)”。如：happiness, sickness, fairness等。,3. 動(dòng)詞后輟 形容詞后加-en變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞，表示“使成為，變得”。如：strengthen, threaten等。 形容詞后加-fy 變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞，表示“使……化，使成為”。如：beautify, simplify等。 形容詞后加-ize變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞，表示“……化”。如：specialize, modernize等。,4. 副詞后綴 形容詞或名詞后加-ly變?yōu)楦痹~。如：carefully, monthly, quickly, clearly等。 表示地點(diǎn)或方位的詞后加-ward(s)變?yōu)楦痹~。如：southward(s), backward(s), outward(s)等。,四、常見考點(diǎn) 高考對(duì)構(gòu)詞法的考查主要考查派生法及轉(zhuǎn)化法中一些詞性的變化及其意義，及一些合成詞。,I. 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1. While there are 68. ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70. ________(patience).,patient,amazing,2. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 43. ______________ (disappoint).,disappointed,3. Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 62. ______ (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake. Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63. ________ (pain).,painful,softly,II. 根據(jù)下列各句句意和空白之后的漢語(yǔ)提示 詞，寫出對(duì)應(yīng)單詞的正確、完整形式，每 空只寫一詞。 1. I’m happy that my 80-year-old grandma has learned how to ________ (下載) from the Internet. 2. They failed to reach a settlement, because they _________ (不同意) too much with each other.,disagreed,download,專項(xiàng)練習(xí),用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. A: Do you think it necessary to have some cultural communications between children in different countries?,B: I couldn’t agree more. It is ___________ (mean). Not only can it broaden our multicultural knowledge and _______ (rich) our lives, it can also enable us to develop unlimited love and __________ (friend) with others from various social backgrounds. A: Exactly.,meaningful,enrich,friendship,2. A: I hear that you have a good taste in wines. Please taste this wine from my hometown. B: Thank you. Oh, by the way, would you like to give me a hand? The flowers need water, so I have to _______ (water) them. A: With pleasure.,water,