YT32-315四柱萬能液壓機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)-液壓系統(tǒng)含9張CAD圖
YT32-315四柱萬能液壓機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)-液壓系統(tǒng)含9張CAD圖,yt32,萬能,液壓機(jī),設(shè)計(jì),液壓,系統(tǒng),cad
外文資料
Key technologies of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press
Introduction
Modern heavy die forging hydraulic press is 100MN above the basic tonnage of hydraulic press, the current development environment, the application of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press industry for the electric power, shipbuilding and aerospace industry, and other applications. Modern heavy die forging hydraulic press is an important equipment in the production and application of heavy industrial products in our country. Study of Europe and the United States and other developed countries in the modern heavy die forging hydraulic press has made considerable development, and China modern heavy die forging hydraulic press related research started late, little research on technology of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press, with heavy die forging hydraulic machine technology progress and China of modern technology of heavy die forging hydraulic press attention, level of application and practice of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press rising, in this paper, the key technologies of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press of
1 development of heavy die forging hydraulic press
With heavy die forging hydraulic press pressure, large tonnage, heavy die forging hydraulic machine technology development first began in the thirties of the last century, Germany the earliest start of heavy die forging hydraulic press technology development and application, heavy die forging hydraulic press used in aviation manufacturing, and the construction of the three sets of about and a 300MN die forging hydraulic machine. After the Second World War, the United States launched a study of heavy die forging hydraulic press, on the basis of German aircraft structure analysis, to further increase the heavy die forging hydraulic machine is used in the scope and depth of the aviation industry, and in the German heavy hydraulic press technology research based on, the construction of the 750MN about heavy die forging hydraulic machine 16. Europe began to attach importance to the development of the aviation industry, after the end of World War II Germany and Britain also began the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press, started in the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press, the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press continued until the 21st century. The United States from 2000 began to establish a 40MN heavy die forging hydraulic press. Thus developed countries in Europe and the United States of heavy die forging hydraulic machine technology development very seriously, and pay more attention to the research and manufacturing of heavy die forging hydraulic press equipment, innovative technology, development of new heavy industry and promote the heavy die forging hydraulic machine manufacturing level of ascension. In the late sixty's of last century, our country began the construction of heavy die forging hydraulic press. Then, the heavy die forging hydraulic press of 650MN is studied. Although a lot of technology is in the laboratory research stage, but these technologies are also widely used in many fields, and achieved good results.Due to human factors caused by the manufacturing process of material is not reasonable, can effectively improve the bearing capacity in a certain level of oil pressure, increase the heavy die forging hydraulic press of wall thickness, we must adopt a new structure model. In the design process of the complete heavy die forging hydraulic press, the traditional non full cylinder bottom model structure design is eliminated, and the embedded type is adopted to avoid the wall thickness change caused by stress concentration. The cylinder at the bottom of the cylinder is embedded in the bottom of the heavy die forging hydraulic press, and the seal is reliable by the bolt connection and the high pressure oil. The design of prestressed structure should be used in order to improve the overall carrying capacity of the system.
Heavy die forging hydraulic press used prestressed steel wire winding technology and the ultra-high pressure hydraulic technology, and in various industries, should be to the production of plate punching forming hydraulic press and heavy ceramic brick press, and the mass production and achieved good results. Due to the large load of heavy die forging hydraulic press, large structural strength and stiffness high, so the manufacture of heavy die forging hydraulic press is more difficult, in heavy die forging hydraulic press in the process of development to overcome the problems in manufacturing, improve the design precision and enhance manufacturing capacity, to prolong the service life of the mold, design and manufacture of forging hydraulic press is always the application of the latest technology, Study of Europe and the United States and other developed countries in the modern heavy die forging hydraulic press has made considerable development, and China modern heavy die forging hydraulic press related research started late, little research on technology of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press, with heavy die forging hydraulic machine continuous innovation, and promote the development of key technology of heavy die forging hydraulic machine.
Analysis on the key technology of 2 modern heavy die forging hydraulic press
Heavy die forging hydraulic press to electric power, shipbuilding, aerospace industrial development has an important role in promoting, high strength alloys and super alloys used in the forging process of heavy die forging hydraulic press, heavy die forging hydraulic press die pressure ratio up 2000mPa, in order to achieve die head pressure hydraulic pressure force per unit area ratio, can improve the heavy die forging hydraulic press, by ultra high pressure technology application in heavy die forging hydraulic press, in order to achieve higher compression strength. In order to improve the pressure ratio of the die, the reconstruction of the heavy die forging hydraulic press should be used to improve the pressure ratio of the die, to simplify and optimize the structure of the heavy die forging hydraulic press in a reasonable range to reduce the manufacturing cost. In the manufacturing process of heavy die forging hydraulic press, it is necessary to carry out structural seal for heavy die forging hydraulic press.
2.1 heavy die forging hydraulic press cylinder structure key technology of heavy die forging hydraulic press cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is directly related to the basic strength of the whole
The effective use of a die forging hydraulic press, usually in heavy die forging hydraulic press design application non prestressed concrete structure, in the design of general structure is not suitable for heavy die forging hydraulic press cylinder design, mainly is because in heavy die forging hydraulic press operation due to the pressure to make changes in the structure of heavy die forging hydraulic press is the heavy
Type die forging hydraulic press control has certain effect, but heavy die forging hydraulic press design let cylinder position structure serious deformation, but also affect the overall operation, prone to cracks at the bottom of the cylinder. This is mainly due to stress concentration of lead. Due to human factors caused by the manufacturing process of material is not reasonable, can effectively improve the bearing capacity in a certain level of oil pressure, increase the heavy die forging hydraulic press of wall thickness, we must adopt a new structure model. In the design process of the complete heavy die forging hydraulic press, the traditional non full cylinder bottom model structure design is eliminated, and the embedded type is adopted to avoid the wall thickness change caused by stress concentration. The cylinder at the bottom of the cylinder is embedded in the bottom of the heavy die forging hydraulic press, and the seal is reliable by the bolt connection and the high pressure oil. The design of prestressed structure should be used in order to improve the overall carrying capacity of the system.
The key technology of clearance seal of 2.2 heavy die forging hydraulic press is the key problem of the clearance seal of heavy die forging hydraulic press.Research and heavy die forging hydraulic press produces sealing problem is the main reason for the system itself in the running state of the high pressure cylinder and under the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder caused by swelling and expansion, make heavy die forging hydraulic press pressure. As in the running process, the hydraulic cylinder is 400MN, when the internal pressure in the 130MPA, the pressure of the diameter of 972 mm. Due to expansion, the inner wall of up to 2.0 mm, in the inner wall of the production process of the deposit will have gap at this time will reach the inner wall of the 2.5mm gap, gap seal is a more important problem, will influence of heavy die forging hydraulic press sealing device. Therefore, for super high-pressure gap sealing of the key technologies to be enough understanding, in order to do a good job in the support of heavy die forging hydraulic press, well closed, maximize do the air tightness of the heavy die forging hydraulic press, the key technologies of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press used in practice have higher feasibility.One of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools ere manually operated and controlled. Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools.?
Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather than operating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.
Numerical control was developed to overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology:
Electrical discharge machining,Laser cutting,Electron beam welding.
Numerical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tolls and processes.
Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the early 1950s with funding provided by the U.S. Air Force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to made straight cuts efficiently and effectively.
However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce a curve. The shorter the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve, Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated.
This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses statements similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the fur ther development from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The instructional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was used to interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, there were a number of problems with NC at this point in its development.
A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate tines. Fragile paper tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.
This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper tape, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems.
The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered on the tape. To made even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape. It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.
The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. In direct numerical control, machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool an needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical control represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the host computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer numerical control.
3 conclusions
In this paper, the key technology of heavy die forging hydraulic press is analyzed. Through the analysis of the pressure cylinder structure and sealing gap, to improve the technical level of modern heavy die forging hydraulic press, strengthen equipment manufacturing effect, in order to improve the safety and reliability of equipment.
中文譯文
現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)
引言
現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)是指 100MN 以上的基本噸位液壓機(jī)，當(dāng)前發(fā)展環(huán)境下，現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)適用的行業(yè)為電力、船舶和航空航天工業(yè)等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?，F(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)是我國重工業(yè)產(chǎn)品在鍛造過程中生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中的重要設(shè)備。歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家在現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的研究方面取得了長足發(fā)展，而我國現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的相關(guān)研究起步較晚，對(duì)現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的技術(shù)研究較少，隨著重型模鍛液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和我國對(duì)現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的重視，現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的應(yīng)用與實(shí)踐水平不斷提升，本文對(duì)現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了探析。
1 重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的發(fā)展
重型模鍛液壓機(jī)具有壓力大、噸位大的特點(diǎn)，重型模鍛液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展最早開始于上世紀(jì)三十年代，德國最早開始重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的技術(shù)研發(fā)與應(yīng)用，將重型模鍛液壓機(jī)應(yīng)用于航空制造業(yè)，并建造了三臺(tái) 150MN 和一臺(tái) 300MN 模鍛液壓機(jī)。在二戰(zhàn)后，美國展開了重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的研究，在對(duì)德國飛機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步加大了重型模鍛液壓機(jī)應(yīng)用于航空業(yè)的范圍和深度，并在德國重型液壓機(jī)研究技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，建造了 150MN 到 750MN 的重型模鍛液壓機(jī) 16 臺(tái)。歐洲也開始重視航空業(yè)發(fā)展，二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后德國和英國也開始了重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的建設(shè)，開始著手于重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的建設(shè)，對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的建設(shè)一直持續(xù)到二十一世紀(jì)。美國從 2000 年開始建立了 40MN 的重型模鍛液壓機(jī)。由此可見歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展發(fā)展非常重視，并注重重型模鍛液壓機(jī)設(shè)備的研究與制造，不斷創(chuàng)新技術(shù)，發(fā)展新型重工業(yè)，推動(dòng)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)制造水平的提升。我國于上個(gè)世紀(jì)的六十年代末開始了重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的建設(shè)，并生產(chǎn)了鍛造水壓機(jī)。隨后，研究出了 650MN 的重型模鍛液壓機(jī)。雖然很多的技術(shù)是處于試驗(yàn)室研究階段，但這些技術(shù)也是在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，取得了較好的成績(jī)。重型模鍛液壓機(jī)使用了預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼絲纏繞技術(shù)和超高壓液壓技術(shù)，并在各個(gè)行業(yè)中加以應(yīng)用，應(yīng)到到厚板沖壓成型液壓機(jī)和重陶瓷壓磚機(jī)的生產(chǎn)中，并進(jìn)行了批量生產(chǎn)，取得了較好的效果。由于重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的負(fù)荷大，結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度大、剛度高，所以重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的制造是比較困難的，在重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的發(fā)展過程中，要克服制造中的問題，提高設(shè)計(jì)精度，增強(qiáng)制造能力，以延長模具的使用壽命，設(shè)計(jì)和制造鍛造液壓機(jī)始終是最新技術(shù)成果的應(yīng)用，要不斷創(chuàng)新，推進(jìn)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
2 現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)分析
重型模鍛液壓機(jī)對(duì)電力、船舶、航空航天工業(yè)的發(fā)展有重要的推動(dòng)作用，高強(qiáng)度合金和超級(jí)合金應(yīng)用于重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的鍛造過程中，重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的每模壓力比可高達(dá)2000mPa，為達(dá)到模頭壓力的液壓壓力的單位面積比，可以提高重型模鍛液壓機(jī)壓力，可采取超高壓技術(shù)應(yīng)用于重型模鍛液壓機(jī)，以達(dá)到更高的按壓強(qiáng)度。對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的重構(gòu)要采用按壓的工作模式，以提高模具的壓力比，在合理的范圍內(nèi)簡(jiǎn)化并優(yōu)化重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)以降低制造成本。在重型模鍛液壓機(jī)制造過程中，有必要對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)性密封。
2.1 重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)
重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的液壓機(jī)缸的基本力量直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)模鍛液壓機(jī)的有效使用，通常在重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)用非預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中的結(jié)構(gòu)一般并不適用于重型模鍛液壓機(jī)缸的設(shè)計(jì)，主要是因?yàn)樵谥匦湍ｅ懸簤簷C(jī)操作中由于壓力讓重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化不一，對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的控制有一定的影響，但是重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)讓汽缸持倉結(jié)構(gòu)變形嚴(yán)重，更影響了整體運(yùn)作，易出現(xiàn)氣缸底部裂縫，這主要是由于應(yīng)力集中引發(fā)的。由于人的因素造成了材料制造過程的不合理，不能有效提高軸承的承受力，處于一定水平的油壓狀態(tài)，增加了重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的壁厚，必須采取新的結(jié)構(gòu)模型。在完全重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)過程中取消了傳統(tǒng)的非全缸底模型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，采用嵌入式車型，避免應(yīng)力集中引起壁厚的變化。重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的獨(dú)立汽缸底部嵌入氣缸，通過螺栓連接和高壓油的密封可靠。因外要使用預(yù)應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)以提高了系統(tǒng)的整體承載能力。
2.2 重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的間隙密封性關(guān)鍵技術(shù)
對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的間隙密封關(guān)鍵問題的研究中，要加強(qiáng)密封緊密度的研究，重型模鍛液壓機(jī)產(chǎn)生密封問題的主要原因是系統(tǒng)本身處于高壓缸的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)中，在內(nèi)部壓力下液壓缸引起腫脹和擴(kuò)張，讓重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的壓力變大。如在運(yùn)行過程中，液壓缸是 400MN，當(dāng)內(nèi)部處于 130MPA 的壓力的時(shí)候，壓力的直徑為 972 毫米。由于膨脹，內(nèi)壁可高達(dá)至 2.0 毫米，再在生產(chǎn)過程的內(nèi)壁存會(huì)有間隙，此時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到 2.5mm 間隙的內(nèi)壁，間隙密封是一個(gè)比較重要的問題，處理不好會(huì)影響重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的密封裝置。因此，對(duì)于超高壓間隙的密封的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)要予以足夠的認(rèn)識(shí)，以做好重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的支持，做好封閉工作，最大限度地做好重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的氣密性問題，現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的應(yīng)用在實(shí)踐有較高的可行性。
3 結(jié)論
本文對(duì)重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析，通過壓力缸的結(jié)構(gòu)和密封差距問題的分析，以提高現(xiàn)代重型模鍛液壓機(jī)的技術(shù)水平，加強(qiáng)設(shè)備制造效果，以提高設(shè)備的安全性、可靠性。
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