西安交大版 碩士英語綜合教程1 (課后參考答案)

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1、西安交大版 碩士英語綜合教程1 （課后參考答案） Unit 1 LowCarbon Economy Text A Creating a Low Carbon Economy →III. Key to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. 1. B2. B3. A4. C5. B b. Fill in the blanks with the information y

2、ou’ve learned in the text. (1) the result of the rapid buildup of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a lowcarbon economy (2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate (3) the increased costs of damag

3、e from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and largescale climate change (4) Scientific analysis of historic clim

4、ate data and projections of future conditions, and stateoftheart computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come (5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃ to 2.4℃ 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learn

5、ed in the text. (1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered (6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled on b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D 3. Cloze Ch

6、oose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative (6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering

7、 (11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability (16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed

8、steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside. (2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly. (3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top fin

9、ance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006. (4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light

10、of practical needs. (5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years. (6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically an

11、d politically. (7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of stateoftheart technologies and equipment. (8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be

12、a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure. 2) Translate the following paragraphs into English. Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gra

13、dual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of socalled climatesensitive diseases already are killing millions of peo

14、ple. Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come und

15、er increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems. b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 很多權威的氣候?qū)W家們都曾發(fā)出過這樣的警告: 如果我們現(xiàn)在的溫度超過工業(yè)化前2攝氏度( 3.6華氏度)的話,我們將會邁進一個危險的未知國度。沒有人能知道到底全球變暖達到多少度會變得無法控制,并且造成像干

16、旱、洪水、颶風以及熱浪等自然災害的逐漸惡化,造成諸如格陵蘭島或西南極洲大冰原坍塌以及伴隨的全球海平面上升等意外的災難性變化。但是我們還依然在我們唯一的家身上不斷做著危險而又不受約束的嘗試,這也是為什么越來越多的年輕人開始將氣候變化視為他們這一代人的一項挑戰(zhàn)。 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 雙方相信,應對氣候變化應該尊重發(fā)展中國家把經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展作為優(yōu)先事項,并相信向低碳經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型是促進所有國家經(jīng)濟持續(xù)增長和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的機會。

17、 (2) 中美雙方?jīng)Q心根據(jù)各自國情采取重要減緩行動,并認識到兩國在促成加強世界應對氣候變化能力的可持續(xù)成果方面具有重要作用。雙方?jīng)Q心支持這些承諾。 (3) 在此背景下,雙方致力于在哥本哈根會議達成最終的法律協(xié)議,同時相信,在共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則和各自能力的基礎上,達成的成果應包括發(fā)達國家的減排目標和發(fā)展中國家的國內(nèi)適當減緩行動。 (4) 基于中美兩國在電動汽車領域的巨大投資,兩國政府宣布在十幾個城市開展聯(lián)合示范項目,并努力開發(fā)共同的技術標準以推動此產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模快速增長。 (5) 通過該伙伴關系,兩國將就大規(guī)模利用風能、太陽能、先進生物燃料和現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)制定路線,在設計和執(zhí)行實現(xiàn)這一遠景所需的政

18、策和技術手段方面進行合作。 Text B Living a LowCarbon Lifestyle Key to the Exercises a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference (6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10)

19、by way of b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text. (1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable (2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do (3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun (4) are lined and not c

20、overing radiators (5) coming on, warm enough, you’re not heating rooms (6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life (7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food (8) the curtains, the doors between rooms (9) reducing our energy con

21、sumption, travelling more efficiently (10) easily reused and recycled, with the lowest packaging c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) F Unit 4 Artificial Intelligence Text A The Future of Artificial Intellig

22、ence →III. Keys to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) A b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text. (1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general,

23、 eliminate drudgery from our lives (2) the computerbased artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot (3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans (4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circ

24、umstances (5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) p

25、rogeny (6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstay b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B 3. Cloze Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the fo

26、llowing blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial (6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes (11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed (16) traits(17) expression(18) dum

27、b(19) guidelines(20) stupid 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because man’s cognition is limited by numerous social conditions. (2) Something big was in the offing, so

28、 big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out. (3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man’s th

29、inking mode. (4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upperclass society. (5) It’s a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention. (6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage

30、 for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer—an affordable machine for the masses. (7) So there’s no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times. (8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the i

31、nternational law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English. Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have rea

32、ched about 5.5 million this year—and are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011—yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelin

33、es for a cutoff so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to av

34、ailable younger caregivers has spurred the development of eldercare robots.” b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 計算的能力當然與生存無關,然而隨著語言改變了人類的文化,至少是我們大腦的一小部分已進化成了一種勉強可以稱為通用機器的東西。這個機器的一個特點就是它能服從一系列隨意的指令,而這些指令可以通過語言進行傳遞并得以執(zhí)行。但是由于我們把數(shù)字看成是復雜的東西,將它們寫下來并用以完成其它類似的功能,所以

35、我們處理數(shù)字的方式顯得非常笨拙,并且效率不高。我們用上百億個神經(jīng)細胞花好幾分鐘進行的運算通過上百個計算機,尤其是那些經(jīng)過重新設置用于計算的計算機,可以在幾毫秒就完成。 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 但它們并不是用高出一籌的邏輯和力量統(tǒng)治人類,而是有可能導致一個與他人完全隔絕的底層人群的產(chǎn)生。 (2) 機器人正被引入潛在的敏感情境中,這可能導致(被服務者)與世隔絕的狀態(tài),因為人們在給機器人設定指令后,往往很長時間不再問津。 (

36、3) 許多機器人被設計成玩具,但它們也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 監(jiān)督孩子的一舉一動,通過無線電腦連接或移動電話與另一個房間甚至另一座建筑物內(nèi)的家長聯(lián)絡。 (4) 但是由于機器人保姆能在身體上保護孩子的安全,可能會造成孩子一天數(shù)小時或者幾天都不與人接觸,同時不同程度的與社會隔絕對孩子成長可能造成的心理影響目前還不清楚。 (5) 護理老年人的機器人能幫助老年人在自己家中自理,但它們的存在可能會使老年人完全處于機器人照顧之下,從而面臨缺乏足夠的與人交流機會的危險。 Text B Revenge of the Nerds Key to the Exercises a. Fill in the

37、blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) in full swing(2) awestruck(3) imminent(4) daunting(5) affable (6) relish(7) omniscience(8) outlandish(9) alien(10) harness b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text. (1) the Silicon Valley d

38、ollar (2) the transformative moment (3) “the world’s first cyborg” (4) current singularitarianinchief, inventor Ray Kurzweil (5) genetics, nanotechnology and robotics (6) The sense of imminence and immediacy (7) not just language but complex abstractions (8) anything being dangerous or sent

39、ient (9) people were scared of these machines (10) cryonic suspension c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) T(10) F unit6 Urban?Life? Text?A?How?the?City?Hurts?Your?Brain,?and?What?You?Can?Do?about?It?→III.?Key?

40、to?the?Exercises? 1.?Reading?Comprehension? a.?Choose?the?sentence?that?best?expresses?the?meaning?of?the?statement?from?the?text.? (1)?C(2)?A(3)?B(4)?B(5)?C? b.?Fill?in?the?blanks?with?the?information?you?ve?learned?in?the?text.? (1)?the?city?has?always?been?an?engine?of?intellectual?life;?it?

41、is?not?easy?to?live?in?the?city?because?it?spreads?terrible?diseases?and?is?far?away?from?nature?with?considerable?pressures? (2)?it?forces?our?brain?to?take?energy?and?effort?to?monitor?every?potential?threat?on?the?busy?and?noisy?streets?and?constantly?redirects?our?attention,?which?exploits?one?

42、of?the?crucial?weak?spots?of?the?brain? (3)?natural?settings?are?full?of?objects?that?automatically?capture?our?attention?without?triggering?a?negative?emotional?response?and?thus?our?brain?which?directs?attention?can?relax?deeply?and?replenish?itself? (4)?the?brain?is?assaulted?with?temptations?a

43、nd?resisting?these?temptations?requires?the?brain?to?use?the?part?of?it?that?is?responsible?for?directed?attention,?which?means?that?it?s?already?been?exhausted?by?walking?around?the?city?and?then?will?fail?to?exert?selfcontrol? (5)?they?are?the?centers?of?social?activities?that?largely?lead?to?ur

44、ban?creativity?as?strangers?interact?with?each?other?in?unpredictable?ways?2.?Vocabulary? a.?Fill?in?the?blanks?with?the?correct?form?of?the?words?or?phrases?you?have?learned?in?the?text.?(1)?overlooking(2)?migrations(3)?thoroughfare(4)?layout(5)?hectic? (6)?wellspring(7)?corollary(8)?undiluted(9)

45、?myriad(10)?vibrant? b.?Choose?the?word?or?phrase?that?is?closest?in?meaning?to?the?underlined?one.?(1)?B(2)?B(3)?A(4)?D(5)?C(6)?D(7)?A(8)?A(9)?B(10)?D? 3.?Cloze? Choose?an?appropriate?word?or?phrase?from?the?following?list?to?fill?in?each?of?the?following?blanks.?Each?one?can?be?used?only?ONCE.?

46、Change?the?form?where?necessary.?(1)?control(2)?otherwise(3)?revenue(4)?neighboring(5)?announced?(6)?crossroads(7)?taking(8)?imposing(9)?maximize(10)?prosperity?(11)?rather(12)?though(13)?accomplish(14)?making(15)?pave?(16)?gradually(17)?sparing(18)?Under(19)?instead(20)?lower? 4.?Translation? a.?

47、Chinese?to?English? 1)?Translate?the?following?sentences?into?English.? (1)?There?are?a?lot?more?wonderful?and?exciting?things?waiting?for?you?in?New?Beijing,?a?dynamic?modern?metropolis?with?3,000?years?of?cultural?and?historical?treasures?woven?into?the?urban?prosperity.? (2)?He?is?such?an?enth

48、usiastic?football?fan?that?he?tends?to?hold?forth?on?his?favorite?team?whenever?it?is?mentioned.? (3)?The?educational?system?has?to?be?able?to?outfit?the?young?generation?with?necessary?knowledge,?attitudes?and?values?that?would?ensure?they?are?in?time?for?the?new?age?in?which?there?might?be?no?job

49、s?but?only?opportunities.? (4)?The?anxious?mother?searched?high?and?low?for?her?missing?son,?only?to?find?him?sleeping?sound?in?the?mess?of?toys?in?his?own?bedroom.? (5)?In?order?to?find?better?detection?and?treatment,?the?hospital?will?actively?cooperate?with?a?local?research?institute?to?look?fo

50、r?genetic?markers?that?correlate?with?this?chronic?disease.? (6)?The?accounting?system?of?an?enterprise?consists?of?the?methods,?procedures,?and?devices?used?by?an?economic?entity?to?keep?track?of?its?financial?activities?and?to?summarize?these?activities.?(7)?When?she?graduated?from?college,?Cindy

51、?decided?to?go?back?to?work?in?the?orphanage?where?she?had?been?brought?up,?because?her?heart?was?overstuffed?with?gratitude?and?warmth?for?those?who?had?generously?helped?her?in?her?growth?and?she?wanted?to?be?like?them?also?to?give?help?to?the?kids?who?had?lost?their?parents.? (8)?NASA?planned?to

52、?splurge?on?the?feasibility?of?the?project?of?sending?astronauts?to?Mars?and?having?them?settle?down?on?it.? 2)?Translate?the?following?paragraph?into?English.? Expo?2010?Shanghai?is?the?first?Expo?held?by?a?developing?country,?the?first?held?in?the?downtown?area?of?a?megacity,?and?it?was?held?un

53、der?the?shadow?of?the?international?financial?crisis.?This?is?a?severe?test?to?China?and?Shanghai?.?Over?the?past?eight?years,?we?mobilized?resources?throughout?the?country?and?pooled?the?wisdom?of?the?world?in?the?preparation?for?the?Expo.?The?people?of?Shanghai?,?in?particular,?made?selfless?contr

54、ibutions?and?the?International?Exhibitions?Bureau?and?host?countries?of?past?Expos?provided?valuable?guidance.?The?success?of?the?Expo?could?not?have?been?possible?without?the?tireless?efforts?of?many?people,?including?the?organizers,?construction?workers,?staff?members,?visitors?and?volunteers.?It?

55、is?theirsincerity,?wisdom?and?hard?work?that?have?rendered?splendor?to?the?Expo.?On?behalf?of?the?Chinese?government,?I?wish?to?express?heartfelt?gratitude?and?pay?high?tribute?to?all?the?comrades?and?friends?who?have?participated?in,?supported?and?contributed?to?the?Shanghai?Expo.?b.?English?to?Chi

56、nese? 1)?Translate?the?following?paragraph?into?Chinese.? 然而,這些大草原式的公園實際上對大腦并無多少益處。在最近發(fā)表的一篇論文中,昆士蘭大學生態(tài)學家理查德?富勒發(fā)現(xiàn),綠色空間的心理效益與植物種類的多樣性密切相關。如果一個城市公園中樹木的品種較多,則在這里呆過的受試者在各種心理健康測試中的得分都較高,至少與其在生物多樣性較少的公園呆過后相比是這樣?！拔覀兎浅鷳n城市化對于其他物種的影響,”富勒說?！暗俏覀?nèi)祟愐彩艿搅擞绊?。綠色空間能讓我們放松、休息,這就是對其進行投資的重要原因。”?2)?Read?the?following?pa

57、ssage?carefully?and?translate?the?underlined?sentences?into?Chinese.? (1)?二月份在位于東69號大街附近風景如畫的公園人行道上,一棵美國榆樹的樹干斷落,造成一名46歲的布魯克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的積雪使之不堪重負。? (2)?“除非把城市中的每一棵樹都砍倒,否則無法保證樹干脫落的情況不會發(fā)生,”市長在新聞發(fā)布會上說道。? (3)?為了減少意外事故的危險,位于中央公園的25000棵樹木受到定期檢查、修剪——這一任務落在了“中央公園保護組織”身上,這是一個私人的非營利性組織,承擔公園大部分的日常維護、經(jīng)營和預算任務。

58、? (4)?紐約市五百二十萬棵樹木的其它部分由城市公園管理部負責維護,該部門2009年處理了8500個有關危險樹枝的報告,伐除已死亡或存在潛在危險的樹干、樹枝。? (5)?布魯伯格2007年宣布,作為改善公共衛(wèi)生及環(huán)境方案的一部分,未來十年還要在紐約再種植一百萬棵樹木,因此這些數(shù)字還有可能增長。?Text?B?The?New?Age?Cavemen?and?the?City? Key?to?the?Exercises? a.?Fill?in?the?blanks?with?the?words?or?phrases?given?below.?Change?the?form?where?n

59、ecessary.?(1)?indisputable(2)?are?replicated(3)?communal(4)?solitary(5)?aspiring?(6)?misdemeanor(7)?intermittently(8)?jaunty(9)?indigenous(10)?hardcore?b.?Complete?the?sentences?with?the?information?given?in?the?text.?(1)?spook?a?female?guest?(2)?that?were?unavailable? (3)?sprinting?and?jumping? (

60、4)?allaround?physically?fit?men?(5)?a?reference?standard? (6)?a?challenging?environment?(7)?“huntergatherer”?(8)?various?hardships?(9)?scowled?at?a?tomato?plant?(10)?a?regain?of?the?fortitude? c.?Decide?whether?the?statement?is?TRUE?or?FALSE?according?to?the?text.?(1)?F(2)?F(3)?F(4)?T(5)?T(6)?F(

61、7)?F(8)?T(9)?T(10)?T? Unit 7 Mass Media Text A A TV Critic in the PostTV World →III. Key to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) A b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’v

62、e learned in the text. (1) downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup (2) you experienced a broadcast exactly when and ho

63、w millions of others did: you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever (3) fi

64、ve to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesn’t grab him immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally (4) finding a show online is more like rummaging through a newandused booksto

65、re; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you don’t gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding a book while reading, there’s a small but constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback (5)

66、 the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) piracy(2) budget(3) whir(4) animation(5) stationary (6) tactile(7) faucet(8) lush(9) rummage(10) premiere b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(