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1、2014高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解：2013暑假練習(xí)題（18）及答案解析
第二部分：閱讀理解（第一節(jié)20小題，第二節(jié)5小題；每小題2分，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
（A）
（文章選自China Daily，題目原創(chuàng)）
XI'AN - China's conservation work for the endangered crested ibis（朱鹮）is facing new challenges, including an increasing death rate due to in
2、breeding（同系繁殖）, and the conflict between the need to expand natural habitats and local communities' economic interests, bird experts have warned.
The crested ibis, once widespread in Japan, China, Russia and the Korean Peninsula, almost became extinct in the first half of the 20th century.
Before
3、1981, when seven crested ibis were accidentally found in Yangxian county, in Northwest China's Shaanxi province, academics thought the species had been extinct in China for almost 17 years.
Due to the huge effort put into species protection since 1981, the number of crested ibis in China has risen
4、to an estimated 1,617, including 997 in the wild, the State Forestry Administration said at a meeting on crested ibis protection in Xi'an on Monday.
However, although the ibis population exceeds 1,000, the birds are still not free from the threat of extinction, said Fang Shengguo, director of the S
5、tate Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife at Zhejiang University.
Ornithologists used inbreeding in the early stages of protection so that numbers of the precious birds could increase quickly, but that method had consequences, Fang said.
"Studies have proved that as a resu
6、lt of inbreeding, crested ibis have the lowest genetic diversity of all endangered birds," Fang said.
"It means a high death rate and more physical defects for hatched chicks."
The government should collect genetic information from all crested ibis and establish a genetic database as soon as pos
7、sible, then design a scientific mating plan for the species, Fang said.
So far, about 90 percent of crested ibis live in Shaanxi province, and fewer than 140 ibis live in three zoos in other parts of the country, including Beijing Zoo, according to Liu Dongping, an assistant researcher at the Natio
8、nal Bird Banding Center of China, which is affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Forestry.
The bird has lost the ability to migrate, he said, adding that if an unexpected natural disaster occurred in Shaanxi province or an infectious disease spread through the area, the ibis population could be grea
9、tly reduced.
Experts also warned that the increased population of ibis, whether in the wild or in captivity, requires a larger and more varied natural habitat.
Rampant hunting, the massive loss of habitat caused by deforestation and the overuse of pesticides, which killed aquatic(水生的) insects on w
10、hich the ibis feed, are believed to be the main reasons for the sharp reduction in the ibis population before 1981.
So, in 1983, a State-level natural reserve was set up in Shaanxi province to protect the bird. But the struggle for living space between human and animal has never stopped, said Lu Ba
11、ozhong, deputy director of the Shaanxi Crested Ibis Conservation Station.
"For example, ibis often look for loaches in farmers' rice fields. Sometimes their claws trample the rice seedlings. In another case, villagers discovered some land with abundant mineral resources which happened to be a habit
12、at for ibis," said Lu, who has devoted 30 years to ibis protection.
A long-term win-win solution for ibis and local communities needs to be developed, one that would provide ecological compensation for local residents, Lu said.
49.
What’s the best title for the passage?
A．The Rare Bird in Chin
13、a
B．New Problems for the Crested Ibis
C．The Way to Save the Crested Ibis
D．The Reason for the Crested Ibis’s Extinction
50.
Which of the following statement is TRUE ?
A．The crested ibis is a native of China.
B．Before 1981, the crested ibis was extinct in China.
C．The crested ibis
14、 is now free from the threat of extinction.
D．Most of the crested ibis are in Shaanxi province.
51.
Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “Ornithologists”?
A．the persons who study the birds
B．the persons in the State Forestry Administration
C．the persons who keep
15、the birds
D．the persons who kill the birds
52.
Why did the experts adopt the way of inbreeding to protect the crested ibis?
A．To increase the death rate.
B．To increase the number of the crested ibis.
C．To get more physical defects for hatched chicks
D．To have the lowest diversity of
16、 the endangered bird.
53.
What may be the reason for the reduction in the population of the crested ibis before 1981?
A．inbreeding
B．economic development
C．over hunting
D．sandstorm
54.
What can we learn from the passage?
A．Due to our great efforts, the crested ibis lives in the wild w
17、ell.
B．Scientists will choose a better habitat for the crested ibis.
C．The problems of the crested ibis have not been solved now.
D．The government has established a genetic database of the crested ibis.
（B）
（文章選自China Daily，略有刪減，題目原創(chuàng)）
A winner of the 2011 L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Scie
18、nce Awards, Professor Vivian Wing-wah Yam says she could not have done it without the backing of her family.
The road to scientific discovery is tougher for women than for men and Professor Vivian Wing-wah Yam says she couldn't have succeeded without such a supportive family. The 47-year-old from
19、Hong Kong University was one of five women scientists, from each continent, to receive the 2011 L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards at a ceremony on March 3, at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris. It is the 13th edition of the award since 1998.
Yam's long and fruitful research on solving the energ
20、y problem won her the prize for Asia and the Pacific. There are several renewable and sustainable（可持續(xù)的） energy solutions, like solar power, which could provide an unlimited source of energy. Some problems must be resolved, however, such as the low efficiency of solar cells and their high supply cost
21、s. Yam and her colleagues hope to overcome these problems by developing and testing new photoactive（光敏的） materials.
She became the third Chinese women scientist honored with the so-called "woman's Nobel Prize" award, after Professor Li Fanghua from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003, and Profe
22、ssor Ye Ruyu from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2004.
"People think chemists are bad guys, but we are the good guys," Yam said in a humorous aside before explaining her research project on photoactive materials in an earlier speech at L'Institut de France. For Yam, chemistry is
23、science, but also an art. Amazed by the universe, nature and color in her childhood, Yam decided on a career in chemistry. "One of the beauties of chemistry is the ability to create new molecules and chemical species. I have always associated chemists with artists, creating new things with innovativ
24、e（革新的） ideas," Yam said.
As a mother of two daughters, 12 and 14, Yam said she is lucky to have been supported by her family. She was inspired as a child by her father, a professor in the Civil Engineering Faculty at Hong Kong University. Yam added her husband, Mak Shingtat, a PhD in chemistry, who
25、 accompanied Yam to the awards ceremony, was also fully supportive of her work. "I can't imagine how my career could move on without his understanding and support," she said. "I often stay late at night in the laboratory. He always waits for me outside."
Yam received her bachelor and PhD degrees fr
26、om the University of Hong Kong (HKU). She taught at City Polytechnic of Hong Kong before joining HKU as a faculty member, and headed the chemistry department for two terms from 2000 to 2005. At 38, she was the youngest member elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is also a Fellow of TWAS,
27、the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, and was awarded the State Natural Science Award and the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Centenary Medal. 2011 is the 100th anniversary of Marie Curie's second Nobel Prize, coinciding （一致的）with the International Year of Chemistry. Today, Curie is sti
28、ll a role model for women in science.
Although the participation of women in science, is promoted by UNESCO, notably through L'Oreal-UNESCO, there are still too few women doing high-level science, says UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova. The latest UNESCO report shows less than 40 percent of coun
29、tries provide girls and boys equal access to education.
Each year, the L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award recognizes 15 young women from all over the world, especially developing countries, to encourage and finance their studies. More than 200 young women scientists are currently supported.
30、"I do not think there is a difference between men and women in terms of their intellectual abilities and research capabilities（能力）," Yam said. "As long as one has the passion, dedication and determination to pursue research wholeheartedly, one can excel regardless of one's gender or background."
Ya
31、m said some young women, who require stability and security, often have to give up their research because of family pressures. "The only way for women to succeed in science is to get the mental and material support from family and society. There is a day-care center at my university, and my husband
32、and mother-in-law help a lot with the housework, so I am able to spend my time on research," she said. "I have two young daughters, and it is too early to tell whether or not they want to pursue careers in science. But, I will encourage them to always defend their ideas. To remain determined, and to
33、 never be afraid of failure - this is the advice that they will need to succeed in realizing their dreams."
Yam also acknowledged her colleague's support, at the awards ceremony. "This (award) not only recognizes me, but my colleagues and students and my country, China."
55．L'Oreal-UNESCO For Wom
34、en in Science Awards is .
A．a(chǎn)n award for the developing world B．equal to Women’s Nobel Prize
C．held for more than 14 times D．only to in honour of Marie Curie
56．Why did Yam become a chemist? .
A．When she was young, she thought chemists were good.
B．She was amazed by the universe
35、, nature and color in her childhood.
C．She wanted to find the beauties of chemistry.
D．She was encouraged by her supportive family.
57．What’s Yam’s view on men and women? .
A．Their intellectual abilities and research capabilities are the same.
B．Their passion, dedication and determina
36、tion are the same.
C．Women require stability and security.
D．Women can’t get the mental and material support from family and society.
58．Yam wins the award of UNESCO For Women in Science for .
A．her fruitful research on solving the environmental problem
B．doing research and test on
37、new photoactive materials
C．inventing an unlimited resource
D．finding solutions on renewable and sustainable energy
59．The word “recognize” in the passage means .
A．a(chǎn)dmit or be aware of B．be willing to accept sb/sth as valid or approve
C．show appreciation by giving an honor
38、 or award D．know sb/sth again
60．For Yam, her winning the award mainly thanks to .
A．her hard work B．the co-work from her students.
C．the help from her colleagues D．the support from her family
答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
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49．B。概括文章的主旨大
39、意。根據(jù)文章描寫，主要介紹珍稀動(dòng)物朱鹮所面臨的一些問題。
50．D。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子So far, about 90 percent of crested ibis live in Shaanxi province.可知。
51．A。推測(cè)單詞詞意。根據(jù)文章應(yīng)知ornithologist為“鳥類學(xué)家”。
52．B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子Ornithologists used inbreeding in the early stages of protection so that numbers of the precious birds could increase quickly.可知。
5
40、3．C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子Rampant hunting, the massive loss of habitat caused by deforestation and the overuse of pesticides, which killed aquatic insects on which the ibis feed, are believed to be the main reasons for the sharp reduction in the ibis population before 1981.
54．C。推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知問題還沒解決。
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55-60 BBADCD
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2014屆高考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 2013暑假練習(xí)題（18）
